
Gass L ic H 

i 

Book ^^^j 



THE 

OR, 
CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF 

ALL THE GREAT POST ROADS, 

AND 

MOST IMPORTANT CROSS ROADS, 

IN THE 

mnmn statrs, 

LEADING FROM WASHINGTON CITY TO THE f EVERAL EXTREMITIES 
OF THE union; AND FROM THE 

LARGE CITIES AND STATE CAPITALS, 

TO 

TOWNS AND INTERESTING PLACES IN VARIOUS 

DIRECTIONS, 

WITH 

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE COUNTRV AND VARIOUS SCENERY WHICH 

THO.>E ROADS PASS THROUGH : 

Some of the principal Lines of Stages, Steam-boals, and Packets; 
Statements at large of some of the most Respectable Hotels, 
Genteel Boarding Houses, Establishments, and Insiitufions, in 
the large Cities, at the Springs, and Places of Fashionable 
Resort. 

A GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL VIEW 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES; 

WITH INFORMATION ON OTHER SUBJECTS INTERESTING 
TO TRAVELLERS. 



BY D/f^EWETT, A. M. 

Lecturei- on Ge.ographtj, 



WASHINGTON: 

PRINTED BY DAVIS k, FORCE, (fRANKLIN's HEAD, 
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. 



1825. 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, to wit : 

Be it remembered, That on the 15th of April, in the year 
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four, and 
of the independence of the United States of America the forty- 
ei3;bth, Peter Force, of the said district, has deposited in the 
office of the Clerk of the District Court for the District of Co- 
lumbia, the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as pro- 
prietor, in the words following — to wit: 

" The American Traveller, or National Directory ; contain- 
ing an account of all the great Post Roads, and most important 
Cross Roads in the United States, leading from Washington Ci- 
ty to the several extremities of the Union, and from the large 
Cities and State Capitals, to towns and interesting places, in 
various directions, with descriptions of the couirtry, and various 
scenery which those Roads pass through : Some of the principal 
Lines of Stages, Steam Boats, and Packets ; statements at large 
vfsome of the most respectable Hotels, Genteel Boarding House*, 
Establishments and Institutions, in the large Cities, at the 
Springs and places of Fashionable Resort. A Geographical 
and Statistical view of the United States; with information on 
other subjects interesting to Travellers. By D. Hewett, 
A. ^. Lecturer on Geography.'' 

In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, 
entitled " An act for the encouragement of learning, by secur- 
jn"^ the copies of maps, charts and books, to the authors and 
proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned" — 
and also to the act, entitled " an act supplementary to an act, 
entitled 'an act for the encouragement of learning, by securing 
the copies of MAPS, charts and books, to the authors and 
proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned," 
and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, en- 
graving, and etclring historical and other prints." 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my 
[ L. S. 1 hand and affixed the public stal ot my office, the 

day and year aforesaid. EDM. L LEE, 

C7ef/c of the Dislrict Court for the District of Columbia* 



THE 

AMSIlXCASff TRAVELLED. 

INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS. 

In preparing this little work, it was intended to em- 
body in a volume of a size suitable for the pocket, a 
correct account as possible of the principal roads in 
the United States, with brief descriptions of other 
objects that might be most interesting to a traveller, 
through this extensive, and, in some degree, yet un- 
settled, country. 

The distances from Washington, and from one town, 
village, or post, to another, were obtained from "A 
Table of Post Offices, with the Distances from the 
City of Washington, and capitals of the respective 
States," published by the direction of the Postmaster 
General, in 1822, — Some errors which occurred in 
that table, were discovered and corrected, and from 
the very nature and extent of the country, more or 
less errors will be found in similar works, till (here 
shall be a complete survey of all the roads in the 
Union — a thing which, if ever, will be at a remote 
period. We must therefore at present be content 
with such partial surveys and estimates as can be ob" 



'REFACE. 



tamed ; (he best sources of which are the Post Office 
Department, and t!ie Notes of Travellers. 

There have been at least half a dozen little works 
published, purporting to be partial or complete lists 
of roads in the United States, all useful and subser- 
vient to the convenience of travellers. Some of the 
calendars or almanacks, published at Boston, Phila- 
delphia, and Charleston, contained convenient tables 
of roads and distances most travelled through a few 
states, or the great chain of roads '• from Eastport 
to Sunbury." 

The first work purporting to be complete, was pub- 
lished and continued annually by Mr. John Mellish, 
geographer, of Philadelphia, in whose death, not on- 
ly Pennsylvania, but the United States sustain the 
loss of a most accurate and industrious geographer, 
as well as patriot. Mr. Shore, postmaster at Peters- 
burg, Va. published '"' Tiie Merchant and Travellers' 
Companion," contaitiing an account of the great pub- 
lic and cross roads, with an outline map of the roads 
to the Virginia Springs, &c. Besides the a1)ove, va- 
rious directoiies, guides, travelling companions, have 
been published, all of which have been found useful, 
as tending to make our extensive country better known 
by showing the chain of connection^ as well as dis- 
tances, from place to place. It was thought that a 
very considerable and satisfactory improvement could 



PREFACE. 



be made by arranging tbe distances of the roads from 
AVashington to the extremities of the Union ; the cross 
roads &.c. on one page, and some brief descriptions of 
the country, the town?, Lc which those roads pass 
through, on the opposite pages, as is the case in this 
little work, the convenience and utility of which ar- 
rangement are very obvious. This plan is, as far as it 
respects any American work of the kind, original. 

A brief outline and sketch of the large cities, that 
a stranger might have a tolerable idea of them before 
personally surveying them with the eye, is considered 
highly requisite. In short, a brief description of the 
United States, with its principal Roads, the principal 
Cities, the Currencies, with the addition of some 
other subjects, were altogether thought to be worthy 
of Publication. 



COJ^TEJVTS. 



1. A General View of the United States. 

2. Descriptions of Boston, New-York, Philadelphia, Balti- 
more, Washington, Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, New- 
Orleans, with the names and situations of all the principal Streets 
In those Cities. 

3. Statements of all the Great Post-Roads, which lead from 
Wpshington, District of Columbia, through different States and 
Cities, to the extremities of the Union, in various directions, 
noting the distances from place to place, with descriptions of the 
country, towns, scenery, &c. through which those roads pass. 

4. The most important Cross-roads leading from the large 
Cities to State capitals, and to the Springs and fashionable 
places of Summer resort. 

5. The principal lines of Steam-Boats and Stages in the Union. 

6. A Statement at large of some of the best lines of Packet! 
which sail from large commercial Cities, to other Cities of the 
United States, and to Great Britain and France. 

7. Statement! at large of some of the most respectable Ho- 
tels and genteel Board'ng Houses, in the large Cities, at the 
Springs, &c. 

8. Statements at large of some of the principal Exchange 
Broker's Offices, Fashionable Clothing Stores, Companies or 
Artists, &c. Sic. 

9. The most Fashionable Tours, with Descriptions of the 
Scenery and Interesting Objects, which are found either in, or 
near the Tourist's way. 

10 Remarks on Travellers, Travelling, Public Houses, &q» 



BRIEF DESCRIPTION 

OF THE 

mWITEB STATES. 



This great empire extends E. and W. from the 
Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Being in length about 
3000 miles ; and in breadth, from N. to S., 1600 
miles ; having the following general boundaries, viz : 

British and Russian Territories, N. ; Pacific Ocean, 
W. ; Republic and Gulf of Mexico, S. ; Atlantic 
Ocean, E. Taking Washington City, the Capital, fop 
the Jirst meridian^ the United States extend to 10 deg. 
E., and 45 W. longitude. 

Area of States and Territories, about 2,000,000 
square miles. With the exception of Louisiana, Ar- 
kansaw Territory, Missouri State and Territory, and 
a very small establishment near the mouth of Colum- 
bia River, the whole region west of the Mississippi, 
is a vast savage wilderness, opening an immense field 
for adventurers from the Atlantic states, and Europe. 

FEATURES. 

The features of the United States are boldly 
marked, by three grand, distinct ranges of moun- 
tains, extending from north in a southerly direc- 
tion. Though there are various spurs, projecting 
off in different directions, yet they all may be traced 
to the following three grand ranges. 

1. The Alleghany, which rises in about 48 deg. N. 
latitude, between Maine and Lower Canada, and ex- 
tends southwesterly. It is from 150 to 200 miles 
from the Atlantic coast, to which it runs ne.irly paral- 
lel. The ranges and spurs of mountains under the 
general name Alleghany, have different local names ; 
as the White Mountains of New-Hampshire, an eas- 
terly-projection the peak of which i« 6,000 feet high ; 
the Green Mouutams, of Vermont ; Catskill, of New- 



J 4 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP 

York ; North Peters, Great Alleghany, Sidelong Hill, 
in Pennsylvania ; Blue Ridge, North, Wells, Savage 
and Laurel Hills, in Maryland, Virginia, &:c ; with a 
variety of names in different States. The range has 
sovithern terminations, in different spurs, in the States 
of Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee. The ranges 
are again noted, when crossed by roads leading from 
the Atlantic to the Western States. 

2. The Oregon Mountains first appear in the neigh- 
bourhood of Slave Lake, latitude 60 deg. N., and 
extend through the United States Territory, into 
Mexico, where they take the name of Cordillera ; 
thence a ridge of the same runs south, having a small 
elevation, which forms the Isthmus of Darien, or 
Panama; thence into South America, where one 
range runs along parallel, and near the Pacific Ocean, 
to the Straits of Magellan ; and many spurs project 
east and south-east, forming immense valleys for the 
formation of the waters of Mammoth rivers, Orinoko, 
Amazon, Plata, &c. 

3. The Calijornian Mountains, (so called by that 
accurate geographer, the late Mr. Mellish,) rise near 
Nootka Sound, about latitude 50, and running due 
south, parallel, and near the Pacific, terminates at the 
promontory of California, latitude 23 deg. north. 

HIGHEST PEAKS OF MOUNTAINS, IN NORTH AMERICA. 

White Mountains of Feel. 

N H. highest peak, 

Mount Washington. 6,234 
Moose Hillock, N. H. 4,036 
Mansfield Mountain,Vt. 4,279 
Camels Rump, Vt. 4, 188 

Saddle-Back, Mass. 4,000 

Otter Peak, Va. 3,935 

KiUin^ton Peak, Vt. 3,9-^4 
CatskiU ) Ptound Top 3,1^04 
Mountains \ High Peak, 3,' 18 

DECLIVITIES, VALUES, RIVERS, LAKES. 

From the N. E. extremity of the Alleghany range 
in Lower Canada, to Alabama, there is a slope or 
declivity from its summit, towards the S. E. and E., 
determining the course of the large rivers which flow 



Ascutney, Vt. 3,30G 

Monadnock, N. H. 3,254 

MountSt. Elias, J\\W. 

Coast. 17,840 

Great Peak on the fron- 
tiers of Louisiana. 19,785 
Fair Weather Mountain, 

N. W. Coast. 8,970 

Mount Edgecombe, do. l,28l 



THE UNITED STATES. 



15 



in the same direction, towards the Atlantic. North 
and west of the same range, there is a north and wes- 
tern declivity, sending the waters north into the St. 
Lawrence and Lakes, west and south-west into the 
Mississippi. 

From the dividing ridge of the great Oregon, there 
is an east and south-e;ist declivity, determining the 
Mi.ssouri, and other vast rivers to the east and south- 
east, to mingle with the Mississippi, the common out- 
let of waters from the great valley, between the 
Alleghany and Oregon mountains. Another great 
valley, formed by the Oregon mountain east, and the 
Californian mountain west, accumulates the waters 
which term the Columbia and its branches, which 
forces a passage through the last named mountain, 
to the Pacilic ocean. This valley also gives the large 
river Colorado, and its tributary stream8, a southern 
course, into the head of the bay of California. The 
western declivity of the Californian mountain is loo 
narrow, and too near the ocean, to admit the accumu- 
lation of large rivers. 



LONGEST RIV] 


ERS ^ 


OF NORTH AMERICA. 


Rivers Lengths Course. 


, From whence Into what Ocean?, 




milen. 




discharged. Seas, Gulfe, &c. 


St. Lawrence, 


744 N.E. 


, Canada, Atlantic. 


Penobscot, 


250 


s. 


Maine, U.S. do. 


Connecticut, 


410 


s. 


Connecticut, do. 


Hurl son, 


334 


s. 


Wew-York,; do. 


Delaware, 


300 


s. 


Pennsylvania, 


Susquehannah, 


450 


s. 


Penn. Maryland, do. 


Potomac, 


620 


£'. 


Maryland & Va. do. 


James, 


450 


E. 


Virginia, do. 


Pamlico, 


3oO 


E. 


North Carolina, do. 


Saiitee, 


450 


E. 


South Carolina, do. 


Savannah, 


400 


S.E. 


S. C & Georgia, do. 


Alabama, 


400 


S. 


Alabama, Gulf of Mex co 


Mississippi, 


^2,500 


S. 


Louisiana, do. 


Red River, 


1,500 S.E. 


Louisiana, Mississippi. 


Arkansas, 


2,000 


E. 


Arkansas, do. 


Del Norte, 


2,000 S.E. 


Mexico, Gulf of Mexico. 


Ohio, 


1,000 S.W. 


111. & Kentucky, Mississippi. 


Missouri, 


3,000 S.E. 


Missouri, do. 


Columbia, 


1,500 


W. 


U S. Territory, Pacific. 


ColoradooftheW. 1,000 S.W. 


, Califoi-nia, Hd. of bay of Cal. 



16 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP 

LAKES. 

The largest bodies of fresh water, known on the 
globe, are those which compose a chain of lakes com- 
prising part of the northern boundary line between 
the United States and British Territories. Com- 
mencing with the most easterly, and proceeding west, 
and north-west, they are as follow : 



Names. 


Length. 


B;eadtb. 


Depth. 


He 

high 


ijht abore th© 
est «id6.wal«r. 




miles. 


mile*. 


feet. 




feet. 


1 Ontario, 


180 


40 


50O 




230 


2 Erie, 


270 


60 


120 




565 


3 Huron, 


250 


100 


900 




695 


4 Michigan, 


400 


50 


900 




595 


5 Green Bay, 


, 100 


20 






595 


6 Superior, 


480 


100 


900 




6i8 



SOIL, AND CLIMATE, OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Strike a line due west from the city of New- York 
to Easton, Pennsylvania ; thence to Pittsburg, and 
thence to Columbus, Ohio ; and westward, on the 
parallel of 40 ceg. north, through Indiana, Illinois, 
and Missouri, and that region of the United States, 
north of such parallels, has a soil, though favourable 
to wheat and other grains, is particularly adapted to 
grazing. Much of the land is stony, and has a tough, 
durable soil. 

The temperature and seasons, north of the above 
line, are more uniform than in southern latitudes. 
The earth and rivers are frost-bound in this range, 
from three to four months in the year. 

Between the above parallel, and a line running from 
Cape Henry, or the southern line of Virginia, and on 
the dividing line between Virginia, Kentucky, and 
Missouri, north ; and North-Carolina, Tennessee, and 
Arkansaw, south ; there is a wide range embracing 
the middle States of the Union, whose soil is generally- 
fertile, and well adapted to three great staples, wheat, 
Indian corn, and tobacco. The climate of this range 
is extremely changeable. The earth and rivers alter- 
nately frozen and thawed during the winter months. 

The region south of the last named sQuthern paral- 



THE UNITED STATES. 17 

lei, ha* generally, except Tennessee, rather a light, 
sandy soil, interspersed with extremely rich intervals 
of ailijvian. Its staples of produce are cotton, sugar 
cane, and rice. Though the climates, &c. of the above 
three grand parallel ranges partake of each other, as 
the shades of different colours mingle, and though the 
soil or climate of a northern latitude of each range 
may differ from the southern parallel of the same, yet 
the outline distinction will be found nearly correct. 
There is a relaxing heat in the last named division, 
from six to eight months in a year. The climate is 
much of the year very sickly below the head of tide- 
waters. 



LITERATURE, RELIGION, ARTS, SCIEN- 
CES, &c. 

EDUCATION. 

" Public funds For the education of the whole com- 
munity, are endowments exclusively American, which 
have been in operation here for several ages, while 
the most improved governments in Europe, are hut 
essaying such a ground- work, which, indeed, some of 
them dread, and others dare not risk. 

" It is nearly two hundred years since school funds 
were established by that aboriij;in;il and immortal hive 
of intelligence, piety, and self-government — the Ply- 
mouth Colony. 

"These inestimable appropriations are now incorpo- 
rated with' all our fundamental institutions. By the 
constitution of the United States, it is the duty of go- 
vernment to promote the progress of science and the 
useful arts. Not one of the eleven new States has 
been admitted into the Union, without provision in its 
constitution for schools, academies, colleges, and uni- 
versities. In rao«t of the original States, large sums 
of money are appropriated to education, and they 
claim a share in the great landed investments, which 
are mortgaged to it in the new States. 
B 2 



13 A BRIEF DESeRIPTION OF 



*' 1 believe we may compute the number of pupils, 
instructed at the public schools throughout the United 
States, at more than half a million. Nearly the whole 
©f our minor population are receiving school educa- 
tion. Besides the multitudes at school, there are 
considerably more than three thousand under gradu- 
ates, always matriculated at the various colleges and 
universities, authorized to grant academical degrees : 
not less than twelve hundred at the medical schools — 
several hundred at the theological seminaries — and at 
least a thousand students at law."* 

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES. 
Colleges &. Universities. Town* a 



Bowdoin col. at Brunswick, ) ^^ 
Waterville col Walerville, ^ 
Dartmouth col. Hanover,.. N, H. 

Vt^rmont u. Burlington ) y 

MiHdlebury col. Vfidrllebury ^ 
H; rvard u. Cambridge.... i 
■W'iHiatuPC WiHiatnstown ? Mass. 

Amherst c. Amhprst, * 

Brown u. Providence, R. I. 

Yale c. New-tJaven, Conn. 

Union c. Schenectady,..., ^ 

Hiiiiilton c. Clinton, C M Y 

Columbia C.N. Y. city ?^-^- 

W'lthington, iStaten Island j 
New Jersey c. Princeton, ...N J. 

Pennsylvania u. Philad'a, 

Dickinson c. Carlisle,.... 

Jetferson, Ca monsburg, .. > Penn. 

VVashington, Wasliington' 

Alleghariy, Meadville,... 

Maryland u. Baltimore,... 'J 

St. Vlary's c. Baltimore.,.. ( ^ . 

Balumore c. Baltimore,.... I 

3t. John's c. Annapolis,.... ) 

Georgetown c. Geo. Town, ^ r) q 

Columbian c Washington, ^ 

^ See Ingersoll's Annual Oration before the American Philosp- 
pliical Society, in Philadelphia, from wliitih a luiBiber ©f sUjitisti^tf! 
swJbjecls ate taken. 



udents 


Incorpo. 


Vols ID 


Pro. 


1 1822, 


rated. 


Libraries, 


fes. 
sor« 


120 


1795 


5,000 


4 


27 


1818 





a 


138 


1769 


12.000 


7 


40 


1791 


1,000 


6 


87 


180(J 


2,000 


4 


302 


1638 


26,000 


20 


79 


1793 


1,500 


2 


98 


• • .. 


1.300 


3 


157 


1764 


7.500 


9 


371 


1700 


12,000 


10 


234 


1794 


9,000 


£ 


107 


1812 


2,000 


3 


uo 


17.34 


4,000 


5 


.... 


1817 




., 


148 


1738 


8,900 


2 


.... 


17.55 


...... 


17 


76 


i;;i3 


3,000 


3 


82 


1801 


1,000 


3 


lUO 


18U2 


...... 


2 


10 


1817 


1,000 




• ».» 


1812 




11 


«... 


1804 






.... 


1807 




,, 


.... 


1784 


...... 


,, 


.... 


1781 


7,000 


,, 


51 


1821 




5 



THE UNITED STATES. 19 



Colleges &. Universiiies. Towns and Studen s Incorpo- Vol in Pro- 
states, in 1822. rated. Librahea. fea- 
sors. 

Wm.& Mary O.Williamsburg "\ .... 1691 

Hampden Sidney c. Prince/ 

Edward County V Va 1774 1 

Washington c. Lexington,.. I .... 180l 2,000 3 

Virginia u. Albemarle Co. ,. } .... 1817 •• 

N. Carolina u. Chapel Hill, N.C. l65 1789 4 

S. Carolina c. Columbia, ....S. C lOO 1801 5,000 4 

Fianklin c. Athens, Geo. 119 1785 2,000 3 

]New-Orleans c. N Orleans,. .La. .... 1805 

Knoxviile c. Knoxville,.. > ^ 18 18'21 1 

Greenville c. Greene Co. 5 *^""* .i. 1794 

Transylv'Hiia u. Lexington, Ken. 121 1798 3,000 12 

Ohio u. Athens J Ohio '•*• ^^^^ '* 

Cincinnati c. Cincinnati., $ *°* .... 1819 

There are about ten thousand physicians in the 
United States, and Mediciil Colleges for their educa- 
tion in Massachusetts, Rhode-Island, Connecticut, 
New- York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Ohio. There 
are also two Medical Universities in the State of New- 
York, one in Pennsylvania, one in Maryland, one in 
Massachusetts, and one in Kentucky, containing alto- 
gether about twelve hundred students. 

There are upwards of seven hundred congrega- 
tional churches in the New-England States, alone, 
and nearly that number of clergymen of that deno- 
mination, including pastors, unsettled ministers, and 
licensed preachers. There is a Theological Seminary 
at Andover, in Massuchusetts, containing about one 
hundred and fifty students in Divinity. In Maine, 
there is a Theological Seminary, with two professors 
and about forty pupils. Harvard and Yale Colleges 
have Theological departments attached to them, with 
professors, and a considerable number of students. 
In Cornwall, Connecticut, there is also a Heathen 
Mi-sion School, in which about thirty youth, born in 
India, on the Pacific ocean, and the western wilds of 
this continent, or other Heathen places, are educated, 
with special reference to ministerial duties in their 
respective birth-places. The Presbyterian Church, 
in th« United States, in addition to the Congregational, 



20 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP 

contains about nine hundred ministers, one hundred 
and forty licentiates, one hundred and forty-sevea 
candidates, more than fourteen hundred churches, 
and a hundred thousand rommunicanls. It has Theo- 
logical Seminaries in the States of New Jersey, New- 
York, and Tennessee. 

By the Report of the Br\ptist Convention, which 
sat in June last, at Washington, the places of worship 
of that persua^ion, aiip stated at more than two thou- 
sand three hundred, and a very large number of 
ministers 1 here are three Tl>eological Seminaries 
of the Baptist Church ; one in New England, one ia 
the interior of the State of New York, and one at 
Washington City. 

The Universalists have one hundred and twenty 
preachers, two hundred separate societies, and eight 
periodical publications. 

The Methodist Church of America, contains three 
dioceses, eleven hundred itinerant clergy, exclusively 
clerical, and about three thousand stationary minis- 
ters, who attend also to other than ecclesiastical occu- 
pations. They reckon twelve conferences, and more 
than twenty five hundred places of worship. 

The Roman Catholic establishment, in the United 
States, consists of a metropolit;in See, and ten bishop- 
rics, containing between eighty and a hundred church- 
es superintended by about one hundred and sixty 
clergymen. Theie are Catholic Seminaries at Bards- 
town and Frankfort, in Kentucky, a Catholic Clerical 
Seminary in Missouri, Catholic colleges in St Louis, 
and New Orleans, where there is likewise a Catholic 
Lancasterian scho(d ; two Catholic charity schools at 
Baltimore, two in the District of Columbia, a Catholic 
Seminary and College at Baltimore, a Critholic Col- 
lege in the District of Columbia, a Catholic Seminary 
at Eramitsburg, in Maryland, a Catholic Free School 
andOrphun Asylum in Philadelphia. It is calculated 
that there are not less than eight thousand places of 
worship, and five thousand ecclesiastics, in the United 
States, besides twelve Theological Seminaries. 



THE UNITED STATES. 



21 



TABLE I.— STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE U. STATES. 



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A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF 



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THE UNITED STATES* 23 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

The District or Territory of Columbia embraces 
10 miles square, and is situated near the head of tide 
water, on the S. W, and N. E. sides of Potomac riv- 
er, 160 miles from its mouth, taking the course of the 
river, and about 300 N. W. from the Capes of Vir- 
ginia, This tract of land was ceded to the United 
States by the Legislatures of Maryland and V^irginia, 
in 1791. The District comprises Washington City, 
Georgetown, and Alexandria, and contained, in 1820, 
32.039 inhabitants. 

There is a continued mountainous ridge environing 
the District of Columbia, with the exception of pas- 
sages of Potomac and Eastern Branch, commencing at 
Mount Vernon. This ridge may be traced (by the 
naked eye from Capitol Hill,) to the Little Falls at 
Georgetown, thence along N. of Washington to Pros- 
pect Hill towards Bladensburg, thence along ihe hills 
S. E. of Eastern Branch to Digges' Point, or Fort 
Washington, opposite Mount Vernon. This topo- 
graphical situation of the District renders it most easy 
to fortify and defend. 

WASHINGTON CITY, 

Which became the National Capital in 1800, is sit* 
uated on the N E. side of Potomac, 3 miles below 
the head of tide water, between Eastern Branch, its 
Eastern boundary, and Rock Creek, its Western, ia 
lat. 38 dg. 63m. N. and is the first meridian for the 
United States. The Western and Rastern boundaries 
extend about 2 1-2 miles N. up both Rock Creek and 
Eastern Branch, and from North West to South East 
about four miles and a half The stieets run from 
North to South, crossing each other at right angles, 
excepting tifteen grand Avenues that range in the di- 
rection of different States in the Union, each of which 
bears the name of a State The width of the streets 
.generally is from ninety to a hundred and ten feet, that 
of the Avenues from a hundred and thirty to a hundred 
and sixty feet. From the Capitol diverges the Mary- 
land, Delaware, and Pennsylvania Avenues ; from the 



24 A BRIE? DESCRIPTION OP 

■" j i I . 

President's house, Vermont, New-York, and Connec- 
ticut Avenues, altogether forming eleven hundred and 
fifty squares. The Pennsylvania Avenue leading to 
Georgetown, runs in a direct line from the President's 
house to the Capitol, the distance of one mile. The 
site of the Capitol is about 80 feet above the tide wa- 
ter of the Potomac, and nearly 70 above the surface 
of the city generally, commanding an extensive and 
beautifully varie:,ated prospect. The foundation stone 
of the north wing of the Capitol was laid in the pre- 
sence of General Washington, on the 16lh of Septem- 
ber, 1793. The center building was commenced in 
1818, which, with the two wings each 100 feet square, 
forms affront of 362 feet. 

It is built of white free stone, in the Corinthian 
style of architecture, and enclosed with 20 acres of 
ground by an elegant iron railing. The interior of 
the Capitol, for beauty and convenience, is said not to 
be excelled by any other house of legislation on the 
globe. It contains i number of historical and other 
paintings, several of which were executed by Ameri- 
can artists. 

The President's house is a beautiful edifice of the 
Ionic order, built of white free stone, 170 feet by 85, 
2 stories high, and covered with copper. Four build- 
ings of brick, of equal dimensions, are erected in a 
line east and west of the President's house, for the 
principal heads of the Departments of Government, 
viz. State, Treasury, Navy, and War Departments. 

About a mile W.N.W. of the Capitol, is the General 
post Office, a large respectable brick building, con- 
taining also the Patent Office, where are exhibited nu- 
merous specimens and models of improvements and 
inventions, said to be equal in number and superior to 
similar collections in England or Fr;ince. 

The City Hall, commenced in 1820, is 251 feet in 
length, fifty in breadth — the whole building of equal 
height the wings having two stories, the center on<j, 
and covered with slate. 

The Navy Yard is situated about a mile from th^ i 
Capitol, on the Anicosta, or Eastern Branch, It j 



THE UNITED STATES. 



enclosed by a high brick wall, and besides the command- 
ant's house and gardens, contains large stone ware hou- 
ses and workshops. In the middle of the Yard ispl;.ced 
a Monument of Italian marble, of Italian workmanship, 
erected in memory of our brave countrymen who fell 
before Tripoli. At this Yard some of our largest 
ships of war have been built, and more are still build- 
ing. There is a bridge across the Potomac one mile 
and one rod in length, leading to Alexandria ; and two 
excellent bridges are built across the Eastern Branch. 
Higher up its banks is a large square reserved for a 
Naval Hospital, and further on is the National Burying 
Ground, so called, as being the place of interment for 
the members of Congress and other public characters 
who die at the seat of Government. The Monuments 
erected in memory of members of Congress, about 
fourteen in number, are all built in the same manner, 
in a square form of white marble. There is also a 
handsome Monument over the grave of Geo. Clin- 
ton, Governor of New-York, and Vice President of 
the United States, and one erected to the memory of 
Elbridge Gerry, Vice President of the United States, 
built at the expense of Government, is the most beau- 
tiful Monument of the kind in America. 

Washington city contains 2,300 houses, and 15,000 
inhabitants. There are fourteen brick churches, 
fourteen schools, and four markets. Four public 
Journals and Newspapers are published in the city. 
Among the literary institutions, are a Mediccd Society, 
a Botanical Society, and the Columbian Institute. Co- 
lumbia College is situated on an elevation three miles 
north of the Capitol. It is a brick building, 117 by 
47. The Baptist Theological Seminary is connected 
with the College. The soil in and around Washing- 
ton is generally sandy, excepting the level banks of 
the Potomac, and some other spots, where there is a 
rich alluvion. The climate of Washington is extreme- 
ly variable all seasons of the year, more particular- 
ly in spring and autumn. A south easterly wind in 
the morning sets in from the Chesapeake Bay, when, 
3 



24 

_ A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF 

P " 

if the streets of the city are dry, clouds of dust are 
blown through them ; such a wind usually brings rain, 
when the streets, except some of the side walks, are 
deep with mud ; this state of things is soon changed, 
when a clear azure space opens in the north west, 
from which blows a piercing elastic wind, driving the 
dark clouds before it, drying the streets, and in its 
turn enveloping the city in clouds of dust from George- 
town to the Capitol. 

Notwithstanding this constant variation of tempera- 
ture, Washington, so far, has been considered, and 
probably is, a health)' city. The water is better than 
in any of the large cities from Boston to New Or- 
leans inclusive. 

Omitting any remarks on the propriety and justice 
of the following lines, they are given as a poetical de- 
scription of this Capital by Anacreon Moore. 

** In fancy now beneath the twilight gloom, 
Come, let me lead thee o'er this modern Rome, 
■\Vhere tribunes rule, where dusky Davi bow, 
And what was Goose-Creek once, is Tyber now. 
This famed metropolis, where fancy sees 
Squares in morasses, obelisks in trees ; 
Which travelling fools, and Gazetteers adorn 
With shrines unbuilt and heroes yet unborn ; 

Tho' nought but wood and • they see. 

Where streets should run as sages ought \o be.*' 

BALTIMORE 

Became an incorporated city in 1797, since which 
period, its growth has been so rapid as to be now the 
third city in size in the Union, containing, in 1820, 
62,738 inhabitants. 

it is situated round a bod}' of water called the Basin, 
on the north side of the Patapsco river, 14 miles 
north-west of North Point, where it enters the Chesa- 
peake bay. Baltimore, as originally laid out, is 4 
miles square ; a number of its streets extend through 
the city, the principal of which is Baltimore, or Mar- 
ket street, 80 feet wide, running in a straight line 
from east to west, the distance of one mile. It is the 
only regular street of its length in this direction, 
commencing east, Market street is crossed at right 



THE UNITED STATES. 



angles by Belvedere, Calvert, Charles, Howard, and 
Eutaw streets, which extend nearly or quite through 
the city from north to south, and several other in- 
tervening streets; Frederick, Gay, Light, Hanover, 
Sharp, and Liberty streets^ which mostly terminate 
at Market street. North of Market street, and paral- 
lel with it, are Chatham street, New Church street, 
Pleasant and Franklin streets. These are the prin- 
cipal streets, though there are a variety of others 
running irregularly in various directions. The city 
has three local divisions ; Baltimore New Town, 
Baltimore Old Town, and Fell's Poinl. The first is 
separated from the two last by Jones' Falls, a small 
river. Vessels of 600 tons burden come up to the 
wharves of Fell's Point, while those only of about 
200 tons can come to the city. 

Baltimore contains a number of spacious and ele- 
gant public buildings ; among which are the Exchange, 
366 feet by 140, with four wings, one of which is 
occupied for the United States Bank, another for a 
Custom-house, and a third as a Coffee-house. The 
Catholic Cathedral, the Unitarian Church, St. Paul's 
Church, and Union Bank. The Washington Monu- 
ment is built of stone, 366 feet high, and 50 feet 
square ; at its base, situated in the northern part of 
the city, it has a dark passage on the inside to the top, 
frpm whence ma}-^ be seen, in clear weather, a most 
extensive and beautiful prospect. The Battle Monu- 
ment, commemorative of the action which took place 
at North Point, September 13th. 1S14, is placed in a 
conspicuous part of the city ; it is 35 feet in height, 
and on it are inscribed the names of those who fell in 
that battle. Its other principal public buildings are 
a theatre, museum, court-house, penitentiary, hos- 
pital, 5 market-houses, and including those before men- 
tioned, 10 banks, and 38 houses of worship. The 
literary institutions are, Baltimore College, St. Mary's 
College, a Medical College, and several acndemies 
and private schools. There are two circulating li- 
braries, each containing several thousand volumes. 
Baltimore is built on an uneven surfiice, and sup- 



24 

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP 



er-. 



plied with good water from four public fountains, cir- 
cumstances favourable to health, but from some local 
and other causes, it has had several severe visitations 
of the yellow fever, the prevalence of which, for a 
number of summers, together with the stagnation of 
commerce, has had a deteriorating effect on the busi- 
ness of the city. 

PHILADELPHIA. 

In the month of August, 1692, William Pcnn, with 
tipvvards of one hundred other persons, enibarked 
from England for Delaware river, in the ship Wel- 
come, Robert Greenway, Master. They arrived in 
the Delaware, discharged their freight at a sandy 
beach, near which the ship was laid up for the winter^ 
<in a small creek, now occupied by Dock street, Phil- 
adelphia. These Q^uaker pilgrims secured them- 
selves from the inclemency of winter in bark huts, 
which they learned to build from the savages, and ia 
caves, which they dug under an elevated bank of tbe 
river. In one of these caves the first Anglo Penns}!- 
vanian was born. His name was William Key ; he 
lived till the year 1767, aged 85, and saw a forest 
change to (he city of Philadelphia, with 4000 houses,^ 
and 30,000 inhabitants. 

Philadelphia, the metropolis of Pennsylvania, the 
third city in the Union in regard to commerce, the se- 
cond in population, and the lirst in architectural taste, 
manufactures, and the tine arts, is situated on the west 
bank of the Delaware river, 30 miles below the head 
of tide water at Trenton Falls, 50 miles above where 
the river entcis Delaware Bay, and about 130 miles 
I'rom the Atlantic, taking the course of the river and 
bay, and 60 in a direct line. With the exception of a 
small ascent from the Delaware, Piiiladclphia is on a 
level plain. In proceeding from this river, and taking 
the streets which run parallel to it, they are— 1st, 
Dock street. Water street. Front street : Then is a 
succession of streets parallel to these, viz. 2d, 3d, 4th, 
and 5th, and so on to 13th street. Then is a great 
parallel avenue, called Broad street, 1 13 feet wide. 
Between Broad street and Schuylkill river are eight 



THE UNITED STATES. 29 

Streets more, counted tVom the latter river towards 
Broad street. Between the two extremes of all the 
above mentioned streets, and al: right angles with 
them, is another grand avenue, E. and VV. from Dela- 
ware to the Schuylkill, called High, or more com- 
monly Market street, in the centre of which the prin- 
cipal market of the city extends about three-fourths 
of a mile. The streets running E and W. are gene- 
rally named from the native trees that are supposed 
to have grown, or were actually growing, when the 
city was laid out. On the N. of High street, and 
parallel to it, are Arch, Race, Vine, and Callowhill 
streets. On the S. Chesnut. W^dnut, Spruce, Pine, 
Cedar, and South streets. Most, if not all of the 
above, run from the Delaware to the Schuylkill. — 
Dean Prideaux observes that Penn had in view the 
celebrated city of Bab^'lon a« a model for his Ameri- 
can town. See Prideaux's connection of the Old and 
New Testament, vol 1st So far as rpgularity is con- 
sidered, this observation may be correct ; but the 
most splendid ornaments of the Chaldean Capital, the 
brazen gates, the palaces, the hanging gardens, the 
temple of Belus, were omitted in filling up the draft. 

Inst if iif ions of various kinds. Where situated. 

Philadelphia Library Franklin street. 

,. . f. r, 1 ■ S ^^'''tli, between Hiah& Ches- 

University of Pennsylvania,.... ? nut streets 

^, J ^ „ \ Fourth, between High and 

OW College, > Mulberry streets. ^ 

Pennsylvania Academy of Fine ^Chesnut, between 11th and 

Arts...... ( 12th streets. 

-, 1 • rr •* 1 ^ Mulberry, between 9th and 

Pennsylvania Hospital.......... { ,,, , f ^ 

■' f J ^ l(jtli streets. 

City Hospital, VV. side of Schuylkill, 4th street. 

Old State House, where Inde- { Chesnut street, between 4lh 

pendence was declared, ( and 5tb. 

^, , ^ , TT ^ S. W. corner of Chesnut and 

County Court House, J j..^^,^ ^^^^^^^^ 

^.. „ 11 S ^' 1^- corner of Chesnut and 

^''y «^"'- i Sixth streets. 

Peale's Museum, Chesnut street. 

Theutre, (chesnut. near 5th street. 

«. • TT 11 ^ Chesnut, between 7lh and 8th 

^'^^omcHM, J ^^^^^^l 

3* 



30 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION 0F 

•TT o n/i .. o 1 S Near the coiner of 4lh and 

U. S. Mother Bank, -i /^u . . . 

^ ' I Che&nut streets. 

Bank of N. America, No. 99, Chesnut street. 

Bank of Pennsylvania,.. Second street, near Walnut. 

Bank of Philadelphia Corner of 4th and Chesnut sts. 

Besiriet. those already named, there are a great variety of 
ehavitable and Literary Institutions, both public and private, 
and 60 houses of public worship. 

NEW-YORK CITY, 

The commercial metropolis of America, is situated 
on the south west part of York Island, at the junction 
of the Hudsun and East rivers, in hititude 40 degrees 
and 42 minutes N. The hmits of the city extend over 
the whole Island, and the buildint^s extend two and a 
half miles up the Hudson, and nearly four up the East 
river. New- York contains 133,000 inhabitantf=i, " more 
than one third of whom are of New England origin,'* 
252 streets, alleys, and lanes, and 17.000 dwelling 
houses. In the most commercial district of New- York 
city, which is the south part of the city, on the Sound, 
or as called E;jst river, the streets are so irregular, 
Ihnt no verbal description can be satisfactorily under- 
stood. Run a line from the Haboken team boat ferry, 
at the end of Murray street, on North river, through 
the Park south easterly to Brooklyn team boat ferry, 
on East river, and that part of the city included in the 
space south or south west of such line, is where Ihe 
greater part of the commercial business is done. — 
Along the docks of both rivers in this district, forests 
of masts and spars extend the whole distance. Count- 
less streets, lanes, and alleys, meet, and cross each 
other, from all directions, teeming with the quick en- 
ergies of commerce, and crowded with people of all 
states and nations. Drays loaded with bales, packa- 
ges and hogsheads, carts and wagons, from Swede and 
Russian ships, loaded with heavy bars of iron, rattling 
and jarring over the coarse paving stones, make a part 
of the hustling scene of this district. A walk on the 
Battery, or up Broadway, changes the scene from the 
turmoil of commerce, to the promenades of taste an^ 
fashion. 



THE UNITED STATES. 31 

Broadway, 80 leet wide and 3 miles long, runs in a 
straight line from the Battery through nearly the cea- 
tre ot' the city to its extremity, and terminates in 
Bloon.ingdale road. 

The principal public buildings in Broadway, com- 
mencing at its r?outhern extremity, are, 

1. united States Bank, Near tlie corner of Rector street. 

2 Grace Church,.... Corner of Rector street. 

3. Trinky Church, S Between Rector and Thames 

•' ' I streets. 

4. City Hotel, Between Thames and Cedar sts. 

5. St. Paul's Church, Between Fulton and Vesey sts. 

6. Mechanics' Hall, Park Place. 

7. Washington Hall, Corner of Pi.eed street. 

S. N , York & Maniac Hospitals, Between Duane &, Anthony sts 

Wall street commences at Broadway, and passing 
through Pearl street, extends to E. river. Near Pearl 
St. is an auction mart for public sales, between which and 
Broadway are a number of Banking Houses, Insurance 
Offices, and various other public offices. 

The Banks in Wall street are, 

1. Mechanics' Bank, I 5. Bank of America. 

2. Phoenix Bank, | 6. Mtrchants' Bank. 

3. City Bank, I 7. Manhattan do. 

4. New-York do | 8. Union do. 

There are also an Exchange Bank, Custom House, corner of 
I^^assau street, Merchants' Hotel, and Tontine Coffee House. 

Pearl street commences at the Battery, and after a 
meandering circular course of about a mile, enters 
Broadway above Duane street. It is only second to 
Broadwi.y in point of business and display of merchan- 
dize. W'ashington and Greenwich streets run paral- 
lel to the North river two miles ; the latter is a place 
of considerable business. The Post Office is at the 
corner of Garden and William street, S. of Wall 
street. Many other streets might be enumerated equal 
in many respects to those already mentioned Those 
here described are the principal streets in the city, 
for length, elegance, and business. 

The Park is situated in the centre of the city , at 
the junction of Broadway and Chatham street, planted 
with trees, and interspersed with walks. It has an 



32 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP 

area of about lour acres. At the upper end of the 
Park stands the City Hall, a noble structure 216 feet 
in length, 105 in breadth, and 51 feet high, including 
the attic story 65 feet. The building is surmounted 
with a cupola, on which is placed a coh*ssal fii^ure of 
Justice. The Ci(y Hall is the most beautiful building 
in the United States, exceptin^c the national Capitol. 
It was nine yetrs building, and cost half a million of 
dollars. The Battery consists of several acres of 
ground at the S. W. point of the city. It has been 
justly called "the ornament of New York." New- 
York contains a Medical college, Columbia college, 
a Theological seminary, and a variety of literary in- 
stitutions, embracing every department of science. 
There are ten market houses, el ven bar/ks, twenty- 
one insurance olfices, two ih atn^s, a ci xus Rich- 
mond hill, Vauxhall, and Ch it-um public gardons, 
an orphan asylum society, seventy-one churches, 
and a great number of benevolent institutions. 

'' BOSTON. 

This ancient, wealthy, and respectable city, the 
Capital of Massachusetts, and the literary emporium 
of America, was originally settled by some of the 
most pious and learned of the first emigrants from 
England. Its situation is on a {)enirisuly ; an isthmus, 
or very narrow neck of land unites it with the conti- 
nent. It has also five bridges connecting it with the 
main. Charles river bridge, leading to Charlestown 
on the north, built in 1786, is 1,503 feet long. Two 
bridges connect it with Cambridge, one of which, 
West Boston bridge, is 3.4U3 feet long, built on 180 
piers. Another uniting different parts of the town, 
and the Mill Cambridge, finished in 1821, built across 
the bay at a cost of «^600,000, farmed o( stone and 
earth, nearlv two miles in length, 13 feet high, and 
fifty feet broad, built for the purpo-es of forming an 
avenue to Biookline, and to create a vvater power suf- 
ficient ^o put in operation extensive manufactories and 
other water works The city cunt.uns 155 streets 
and 27 lanes. The longest street commences at the 



THE UNITED STATES. 



termination of the islr.mus, is first called WMfehington 
street the distance of half a mile, then changes its 
Dame to Orange, then passing P>oy!,*ton market, takes 
several other names, Marlborough, Cornhiil,&c. un- 
til it terminates at the Centre, ©r Old Market. 

The State House, the most conspicuous edifice in 
the city, is built of brick, presenting a front of 173 
feet, and surmounted with a dome 50 feet in diam- 
eter, which is terminated by a circular lantern at a 
distance of 100 feet from the foundation lis site 
is 100 feet above the level of the harbour. From its 
top may be seen the most extensive and beautiful 
prospect in the world, embracing more than twenty 
towns and villages, the harbour, its shipping, and from 
thirty to forty islands, with a highly cultivated and pic- 
turesque country, variegated with rivers, valleys, and 
romantic hills, crowned with tasteful and splendid 
country seats. In the south west, at a distance of 
twelve miles, is seen an extensive range of highlands, 
called Blue Hills, which form a back ground to the 
prospect in that direction. 

RICHMOND. 

This Capital and metropolis of Virginia, has a fine 
romantic and sali:brious situation on the James river, 
at the head of tide water, in Henrico county, in lat. 
37'^ 30m. north, 123 miles from Washington, 55 miles 
above City Point, by the course of the river, 150 
miles from its mouth. 

The city contains between one and two thousand 
houses, some ofthem elegant, particularly on Shockoe, 
or as it is now called Capitol Hill, in the vicinity of 
the State House, and upwards of 12,000 inhabitants. 

The principal streets are Main street, running from 
the Capitol to Rocket's, the distance of two miles, com- 
pactly built, and containing a great variety of dry 
goods and other stores — the principal hotels are 
situatt^d in this street. 

Gary street, running parallel with the Fasin. is oc- 
/'upied almost exclusively by comuiissioa merchants. 



'M A BBlEi^ DESCRIPTION OF 

Here is delivered all the produce from the upper 
country bordering on James river. The whole of the 
tobacco and ilour business are done in this street. 

H and G streets on Capitol Hill, run parallel with 
the Basin, and nearly intersect at the junction of the 
two turnpikes, on the western suburbs of the town. 

The public buildings of note are the Capitol, or 
House of State Legislation, a very handsome struc- 
ture, built after a French model, and beautifully situ- 
ated on Shockoe Hill, from whence may be had an ex- 
tensive view of the lower parts of the city, the river, 
and adjacent country. The Monumental church, aa 
interesting object, stands east of the State House, 
built in a monumental form, commemorative of an aw- 
ful conflagration which took place at the Theatre on 
the same spot, in 1811. There are also two market 
houses, an extensive armoury, United States Bank, 
court hotise, museum, public library, and eight houses 
of worship. 

Notwithstanding the advantageous situation of Rich- 
mond for the purposes of commerce, and an extensive 
inland trade, the population in 1820 was more than 
2000 less than in 1817. The value of produce ex- 
ported from Richmond and Manchester (just opposite,) 
is about ^8,000,000 annually. The largest vessels 
lie at City Point. Those drawing lifteen feet water 
ascend to Warwick, live miles below Richmond, and 
those drawing ten teet to Rocket's, about a mile below 
the city. Batteaux ascend 220 miles above. The Falls 
extend six miles, in which distance the river descends 
eighty feet. A Canal with three locks is cut on the 
north side of the river, terminating at the town in a 
Basin of two acres. The vicinity of Richmond af- 
fords many delightful excursions on the James river, 
and along its high and fertile banks. There is an ex- 
cellent road leading from Richmond to Petersburg, on 
which are two good lines of stages. Steamboats are 
constantly plying to atid t*rom Richmond to Norfolk, 
and stopping at Ci^y Point and various other places, 
to receive and discharge passengers. The scenery of 
James river, almost from the bay «p; is delightful, 



THE UNITED STATES. S5 



adding to its natural beauties,- numerous rich piaata- 
tions, with elegant mansions, gardens, &c. James- 
city Island, where waa made the iSrst permanent set- 
tlement in the present United States, is situated near 
the north hank of James river, .32 niiles from the bay, 
and 65 below Richmond. It is a fiat, low, and siciily 
spot, containing the ruins of an old church, a fort, 
and a few dwelling houses. There is a mansion house, 
and in 1822, was one family living on the Island. At 
this spot, in the month of June, is held the Virginiad, 
a celebration of the day when capt. Smith and company 
first landed here. This hland, Plymouth, Massachu- 
setts, Lexington, Bunker Hill, and Yorktown, awaken 
in the breasts of the patriotic citizens of these two 
states the noblest feelings of man. A few revolving 
years past between the arrival of these few forlorn ad- 
venturers in " a wilderness at the ends of the earth," 
and the opening and close of the great revolutionary 
drama, when this wilderness produced native born ar- 
mies too powerful for the despots of Europe. But a 
brief description of the Virginia Capital was the sub- 
ject proposed. 

CHARLESTON. 

The chief city of South-Carolina is handsomely 
situated on a level plain, between Cooper river north, 
and Ashley river south, which unite just below the 
city, seven miles from the ocean. Charleston is laid 
out in a regular manner, and contains a number of well 
built streets, from thirty-five to seventy feet wide.— - 
The principal of these are. Broad and E. bay streets, 
whicti for the elegance of their buildings are not sur- 
passed by those of any other city. East bay street, 
running from north to south, contains large ware 
houses, auction marts, banks, and various public offices. 
This street terminates in the south eastern part of the 
city, in a delightful promenade, formed by a mound 
elevated on the margin of Ashley river, several feet 
above the tide. This walk is securely railed on the 
water-side, accommodated with seats, and ornament- 
eel with trees. Here, in the heat of summer, the 



36 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF 



same as at Boston and on the New-En-^lantl seaboard, at 
10 or 11 o'clock, there is a revivins ^ea-breeze. 

Broadstreet.asj'acious, and, with Meetingand Church 
streets, the most fashionable in the city, run in a direct 
line, from east to west, two miles. King street passes 
through the centre of the city, from north to soiith, 
intersecting Bro.«d street at right anjjles. This street 
is compactly built, and has a large portion of the re- 
tailino" business. Charleston contains nineteen houses 
of worship, an orphan asylum, an academy of arts, a 
library of 13,000 volumes, a hospital, city hall, custom 
house, theatr*', and six banks. There are also a num- 
ber of well endowed charitable institutions. The po- 
pulation of the city, according to the last census, was 
24,780, half slaves, having only an increase of less 
than 100 in ten years. 

Charleston has an extensive European, as well as 
northern and back country trade. The shipping owned 
here, in 1820, amounted to 28,403 tons The harbour 
is capacious, but is impeded by a sand bar, which ex- 
tends from shore to shore. It has two channels, the 
deepest of which has 16 feet of water at low tide. — 
The local situation of Charleston has been greatly 
improved within a fe«v years, which renders it much 
more healthy than the surrounding country. Many 
persons resort to the city in that season, when those in 
a more northern latitude are, in a manner, deserted. 
Sullivan's Island, situated in the bay, between the city 
and the sea, is a favourite retreat fnr many of the 
citizens in warm weather. This southern metro- 
polis of the Union, is noted for the hospitality, polite- 
ness, and liberality of its citizens. It is a fashionable, 
gay, and flourishing city, constantly improving in what- 
ever tends to promote the health and prosperity of 
the inhabitants. 

SAVANNAH, 

Principal cily of Georgia, has an elevated situation 
on the southwest bank of Savannah river, seventeen 
miles above its entrance into the sea, on a high sandy 
bluff, 40 feet above low tide. It is beautifully laid 



THE UNITED STATES. 37 



out, with wide regulir streets leaving at equal distan- 
ces ten public squares, each consisting of two acres, 
with a pump in the centre, enclosed with chain fences, 
and ornamented with trees called the pride of China. 
This citj has improved much in appearance since 
the great fire of 1821, which consumed 463 buildings. 
Those since erected are of brick, built in a handsome 
style. The exchange is a large Gothic edifice of 
brick, five stones high. The Acadeiny built of brick 
and stone is 180 feet by 60, and three stories high. 
There are a^o a court house and hospital, a thea- 
tre, a public library, three banks, and ten churches, one 
of which, lately erected, is a capacious and elegant 
structure. Savannah is the great depot for the pro- 
duce of a large extent of country, consistingof the three 
principal southern staples, cotton, rice, and tobacco, 
the exports of which amount to about §10,000,000 an- 
nually. The amount of shipping belonging to this 
port in 1821, was nearly 11,000 tons. The harbour 
is good, admitting vessels drawing fourteen feet of 
water, to the city ; those of a larger draught anchor 
at Five Fathom Hole, three miles below the city. — 
Savannah is frequently visited by that dreadful scourge 
the yellow fever. Before its last ravages, in 1822, 
there was but one cemetry or burial ground in the 
city : this is very extensive, and contains the remains 
of vast numbers from the northern states, and from 
every country in Europe. The climate of the south 
is peculiarly fatal to foreigners, though it is observe^ 
the Scotch sustain its effects better than even Ameri- 
ctins. 



A VIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF THE POST 
OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 



EXTRACT FROM A PUBLICATION BY THE POST MASTEP*. 
GENERAL, 1822. 



The se- 


^o.of 


Len°:th 


Weeklv 


Weekly tran- 


Weeklv 


Yearly trans- 


veral 1 e 


Post 


of the 


Iranspor- 


sporiationol 


(ransporta- 


I'ortatioD of 


rio.l^ If 


Uto 


Post 


talion of 


the ma 1 id 


tion of the 


the mails 


fenedto 


ces 


Roads 


ihe mail 
in 8tag;ep 


su kies and 
on horst- 
back 


mail's. 




Period. 


Mo. 


Miles 


Miles. 


Miles, 


Miles. 


Miles. 


1793 


209 


5,642 


8,567 


7,662 


16,229 


843,908 


1797 


504 


16,180 


14,902 


19,708 


34,610 


1,799,720 


1801 


1025 


21,840 


24,490 


34,380 


58,870 


3,061,964 


1803 


1258 


25,315 


30 172 


37,228 


67,400 


3,504,800 


1707 


1848 


33,755 


41,528 


45,000 


86,528 


4,499,456 


1?11 


2403 


36,406 


46,380 


61,171 


107,550 


5,592,652 


1816 


3260 


48,976 


71,046 


74,516 


145,562 


7,569,224 


1817 


1359 


52,689 











The mail is transported in stages, each day in the 
year, 10,121 miles. 

The mail is transported in sulkies and on horseback, 
each day in the year, 10,616 miles, making 20,737 
miles per day. 

If yoii divide the post roads of the United States 
mio two distinct post-routes, the mail will travel each 
week, in stages, nearly equal to three times lound the 
globe ; and divide all the post roads in the United 
States into four equal or distinct pcret joutes, on which 
the mail is carried in stages, sulkies, and on horse- 
back, it will be equal to a travel of six times, each week, 
around the globe, averaging one postoflice for every 
iiftcen miles of post-road. 

The mail is transported, by a direct or correspond- 
ing line of i^tages, from Anson, in the state of Maine, 
via. Washington city, to Nashville, Tennessee, a dis- 
tance of one thousand Jour hundred and forty-eight 
mileSy in a south-western direction. The mail is trans- 
ported by a direct line of stages, from St. Mary's, in 
Georgia, to Highgate, in Vermont, via. Washingto« 



THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 39 

city; a distance of 1,369 miles, in a northern direc- 
tion. — Extract from a statement of the |)ost-ofnces 
and post-roads, publistied by the postmaster general, 

1822. 

RATES OF POSTAGE. 

For Single Leiitrs, composed of one piece, of paper. 

Miles. Ccnls. 

Any distance not exceeding . . 30 G 

Over 30, and not exceeding . . 80 10 

Over 80, do. do. . . 150 12 1-2 

Over 150, do. do. . ' . 400 18 1-2 

Over 400, do. do. . . 25 

Double Letters, or those composed of two pieces 
of paper, are charged with double those rates. 

Triple Letters, with triple those rates. 

Quadruple Letters, with quadruple those rates, pro- 
vided they weigh one ounce ; otherwise, with triple 
postage. 

Every packet, composed of four or more pieces of 
paper, and weighing one ounce or more, i? to be 
charged witk single postage for each quarter of an 
ounce ; except letters conveyed by water mails, which 
are not to be charged with more than quadruple post- 
age, unless the packets actually contain more than 
four distinct letters. 

RATES OF POSTAGE ON NEWSPAPERS. 

Cenls. 
Each paper, carried not over 100 miles, . 1 

Over 100 miles, 11-2 

But if carried to any post office in the state 
in which it is printed, whatever be the dis- 
tance, the rate is . . . . .1 

Letters for Upper or Lower Canada can be trans- 
mitted to the agents of the United States at Kingston, 
Upper Canada, and Montreal, Lower Canada, whetheu 
paid or unpaid. 



40 



A VIF.\V Of THE PR0CRES9 OS 



N»>me» of Statea, Stc 

Missouri State. 
Maryland State. 
5f ew Hampshire State 
Nortli Carolina Stafie. 
New-Jersey Stntp, 
K«-w-Yoik State. 
Ohio State. 
Pennsylvania State. 
Rhode-Island State. 
South-Carolina State. 
Tennessee State. 
Virginia State. 
Vermont State. 
Court House. 

states, 3 Territoriul 
Columbia. 

DIRECTIONS FOR FINDING ANY PLACE IN THE FOLLOW- 
ING ROUTES. 

Ascertain what Stale the i own is in, and if it is 
a place of much note, it may be found either in one 
of the eight grand routes Irotn Washington to the dif- 
ferent extremities of the Union, or it may be found 
anions: the State Roads which are arranged after the 
grand routes, comcnencing in order with Maine, antl 
taking; the Atlantic States iu succession, then the 
Western States 

The course of the roads, and the States through 
^vhich they lie, are noted at the heads of pages. 

GENERAL STATEMKNT OF THE EIGHT ROUTES. 



The -h<ii« 




The Rfime 


abb e.i 


N.imes of States, &c 


abbrevi 


Sled. 




al.'d 


A. 


Alabama State. 


Mo. 


Ark. T. 


Arkonsavv Territory. 


Md. 


€a. 


C"lun)bia District. 


N. H. 


Ct. 


Connecticut State. 


N. C. 


D. 


Delaware State. 


N.J. 


ii. 


Georgia State. 


N. Y. 


In. 


Indiana State. 


0. 


III. 


Illinois State. 


P. 


K. 


Kentucky State. 


R I. 


L. 


Louisiana State- 


S. C. 


Me. 


Maine State. 


T. 


JViic. T. 


Michigan Territory. 


Va. 


Ms. 


Massachusetts State. 


Vt. 


Mi. 


Mississippi State. 


c.h. 


. The 


United States cont 


ain 24 s 


Governments, and the Di? 


strict of 



1. 


In a 


N. E 


9 


Do. 


N. 


3. 


Do. 


N. W 


4. 


Do. 


W. 



b. 

6. 
7. 

8. 



In a 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 



S. W. 

S. 

S. E. 

E. direction. 



1. NORTH EAST ROUTE. 
From Washington to [Miles. Fiom ^A'ashingtoti to 



Baltiniore, Md.. ...... 

Wilmuigton, D... ..., 

Philadelphia, Pa 

Trenton, N. J 

New- York, N. Y..., 
New-Haven, Ct 



37 
100 

133 
167 
229 
3.5 



Providence, H. I. 



Miles. 
.. 43G 



Boston, Ms 473 

Portsmouth, N. II 5-tQ 

Portland, Me 594 

E-ristport, do 8)51 

Robbinstowu, do 684 






THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT, 



From Washington to 
Hariisbiug, Pa.. . 
Buflaloe 



2. XORTHEIIN ROUTtJ 
[Miles 
. 127 

. 407 



No, 1. 
From Washington to [Miles. 

Niagara Falls... 422 

Fort Niagara... 436 



2. NORTHERN ROUTE, No. 2. 



From Washington to 

Albany (through New-York 

City) 3«2 

Fort Edward, N. Y... 428 
Canada Line 569 



From Washington to 

Montreal (L. Canada.. 608 
Tiiree Rivers do. (on St. 

Lawrence) , 704 

Queber do 788 



3. NORTH WESTERN ROUTE, No. 1. 



From VV-.iskiiigton to 

Detroit, Mie. T 482 

Michilimackinack 804 



From Washington to 

Bedford, Pa 128 

Pittsburg, do 2i6 

Cleaveland, 336 

3. NORTH WESTERN ROUTE, No. 2. 
S'rom Washington to [From Washington to 

Cumberland, Md 135 | Detioit 604 

Wheeling, Va. 258 I 

4. WESTERN ROUTE. 



From Washington to 

Znnesville, 338 

Frankfort, Ky 570 

Vincennes, Ind 758 

Haskaskia, 111 9.04 

... 961 



From Washington to 

River PKut ......l56l 

Yellow Stone 2741 

Clark River 3?«8 

Columbia River 41-23 

Pacjfif Ocean 4536 



5. SOUTH WESTERN ROUTE. 



^rom Washington to 

Nashville, t 752 

Natches, Mi...... .1197 



'rom Washington to 
N. Orleans, Lou 1433 



6. SOUTHERN ROUTE. 



From Washington to 

Savanniih, G 662 

St. Augustine, E. Florida 869 



Fiom Washington to 

Raleigh, N, C 2S7 

Fayetteville, do 348 

Charleston, S. C 544 

7. SOUTH EASTERN ROUTE. 
From Washington to IFrom Washington to 

Leonardstown, Md.... 59 | Point Look Out, Md,.., % 
8. EASTERN ROUTE. 
From Washington to I From Washington to 

Annapolis, Md 32 I Dover, Del ,, 9i 

Cenlreville, do., 60 | 

N. B. — There are various other routes from Washington 
in W., S. W. and S. directions, found in the body vt the 



work. 



4* 



42 



GRAND ROUTES. 



NORTH EAST ROUTE, 

From Washington City to Eastport and Ro- 
bi7istown, Maine* 



GRAND ROUTES. 






•^ £ 



Bladensburg, (a) 

Vanesville, 

Patuxent KiveY,(b) - 

Elkridge Landing, - 

Baltimore, 

P erring Run, 

Birds Run, 

Great Gunpowder Falls, 

Ijttle do. 

Abingdon, 

Havre-de-Grace, (c) 

Cross Susquehannah R. 

Charleston, 

Elkton,^^^^ 

Delaware State Line, 

Christian!, Del. (e) 

WlLMINGTOJN, (f) ' 

Chester, Pa, 
Philadelphia, 
Frankford, 
Holmesburg, 
Bristol, (g) 
Trejstoin, (h) 



8 

7 

8 

8 

4 

8 

3 

2 

7 

12 

1 

5 

10 

3 

8 

9 

14 

15 

5 

5 

10 

11 



6 
14 

29 

37 

41 

49 

52 

54 

61 

73 

74 

79 

89 

92 

100 

109 

123 

138 

143 

148 

158 

169 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 4S 

(a) Bladensburg, an old village, containing about one hundred 
houses, most of them small, in a low situation on the Eastern 
Branch. In 1814, a battle was fought here between the Ame- 
ricans, most of them raw militia, and the British regulars, in 
which the former were defeated, Washington was tak' n, and 
the public buildings burnt, together with the Natjonal Library. 

(b) The Patuxent liver rises between 30 and 40 miles from 
the road, and though an inconsiderable stream here, is at Ben- 
edict, 50 miles b' low, and twenty miles from its mouth, of suf- 
ficient water for the Uirgest ships. 

(c) A small scatteiing, though very pleasant village, on the 
West bank of the Susquehanna river, near its mouth, and 450 
from where it rises in the State of New- York, takiiig the course 
of theTiver. It is here one mile wi'le, and crossed by a horseboat. 

(d) The Capital of Cecil county, Md. It stands on Elk riv- 
er, which a little below falls ii. to the Chesapeake. A Canal is 
about being cut from these waters to the Christiana, a branch of 
the Delaware river, whicii, when completed, will form an inland 
water communication the whole distance from Baltimore to 
Philadelphia. 

(c) Christiana, or Christiana Bridge, Newcastle county, Del- 
aware, on a river of the same name. It has about bO houses, 
and considerable trade with Philadelphia in flour. 

The Christiana rises in Pa. and unitmg with the Brandy wine 
near Wilmington, flows into the Delav/are. It is navigable for 
vessels drawmg 14 feei of water to Wilmington, and for those 
drawing 6 feet to Christiana bridge. Length 20 miles. 

(/) A beautiful town on an elevated site, near the junction 
of the Christiana and Brandywine riveis. It is a few miles 
West, and in full view of the Delaware river, and its interest- 
ing scenery. The largest town in Delaware, having 8 houses of 
worship, 2 market houses, and other public buildings. On the 
Brandywine, adjoining the town, is a village of 100 houses, 
partly included within the Borough, and the largest collection 
of flour mills in the United States. Within 10 miles of Wilming- 
ton, are said to be 44 flour mills, 13 cotton manufactories, 15 
sawmills, 6 woollen manufactories, 6 guHpowder mills, 2 paper 
mills, and several other mills, &c. Population of Wilming- 
ton, 5,268. 

(g) A handsome village on the Banks of the Delaware, di- 
rectly opposite Burlington, N.J. It is a healthy and pleasant 
situation, and is much resorted to by strangers during the sum- 
mer season. 

{h) The Capital of New- Jersey, which you enter by cros' 
fiing an elevated bridge over the Delaware, near Trenton Falls. 
Trenton contains about 40oO inhabitants, a state house, 2 
banks, and 4 houses of worship, besides several manufactories. 
The river is navigable for sloops to this place, but above the falls 
it will only admit of boats carrying from 500 to loOO bushels. The 
town is pleasantly situated, and incorporated with city privileged. 



44 



GRAND ROUTES. 



NORTH EAST ROUTE — ContinuecL 



GRAND ROUTES. 


J3 


^52 

c c ]^ 




Princeton^ [i] 


10 


179 


10 


New Brunswick^ [j] 


16 


195 


26 


Elizabethtovvn, 


17 


212 


43 


Newark, [A:] 


6 


218 


49 


Jersey City, 


9 


227 


68 


Cross Hudson River, to - 








Neiv-York, 


2 


229 


149 


Haarlem [/] 


8 


237 


153 


New Rochelle, 


11 


248 


164 


Greenwich, Ct. [m] 


13 


261 


85 


Norwalk, 


14 


275 




Fairfield, 


8 


283 


55 


Stratford, [n] 


8 


291 




Cross Hoiisatonic River, to 








Milford, 


4 


295 




New Haven, [o] - 


14 


305 


41 


Guildford, 


15 


320: 


Say brook, [p] 


18 


338 48 


New London, [q'] - 


20 


358 43 


Stonnington, [/•] - 


15 


373 58 


Rhode- Island :State Line - 


2 


3 5! 


Charlestown, 


15 


390' 52 


Towerhill, South Kingston, 


12 


402 35 


Cross Narraganset Bay, to 








Canonicut Island, 


2 


404 




Cross the Island, 


1 


405 




Newport, - . - 


3 


408! 28 


Bristol, 


14 


422 


14 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fec. 45 

Ci) A small town, containing Nassau Hall, or Princelt/n Col- 
lege, and a Theological Srmnaiy — the situation agreeable and 
liealthv, being on the high lands which divifle the stveams which run 
W. into Delaware^'roni those which run E. into the Raritan river. 

(J) Brunswick stands on a sloping bank, west side of the Rar- 
itan river, 16 miles above Raritan BaJ^ It contains a court l)0use, 
a maiket house, 2 banks, 5 housesof public worship, and -^(300 in- 
Jjab. Tiie Raritan is navigable for small sloop? as far as this place. 

(k) Newark is a beautiful town, handsomely situated on the 
west side of the Passaic river. It is built principally on one 
great 6tr>^et or avenue, extending from N. to S. nearly two 
■miles, and ornamented with trees. Many of the houses are 
built in a superior style. The public builc'ings are 5 churches, 
an academy, and 2 banks. Here are extensi- e manufactories 
of various articles. The town contains about 5000 inhabitants, 
and including the township, the population exceeds 9000. 

(Z) This village is pleasantly situated in the extensive plain 
between the fc^ast River Haarlem Heights, and Haarlem River. 
It contains upwards ot a 100 dwelling houses, a handsome stone 
church, and several school houses. A bridge, half a mile m 
length across Haarlem river, connects New- York Island with 
Westchester. Another biidge of considerable length over a pari 
of the East river, connectsit with Wards' Island, from the soutk 
side of which is a fair view of the whirlpools that form the dan* 
gerous passage called Hell-gate. 

(m) The first town after entering New England, situated ca 
the E. side of Byram river, which is here the divifiing line be- 
tween New-York and Connecticut. Population 3700. 

{n) A township of 4500 inhabitants, on the West side of the 
Housatonic river, near its entrance into the Sound, and l30 
miles from where it rises in Massachusetts. Near the line of 
the latter State, this river ha9 a perpendicular fall of 50 feet. 

(o) New Haven is an incorporated city, and semi- capital of 
Connecticut, containing 7147 inhabitants. It is situated on a 
Bay, 4 miles from the Sound, handsomely laid out in spacious 
slreef-, and ornamented with trees Here are the elegant build- 
ings of Yale Ci'llege, which have from 3 to 400 students. Be- 
tween 3 and 4000 persons have been educated at this College 
since its foundation in 1700, of whom nearly lOOO have devoted 
themselves to the ministry. 4 newspapers are issued weekly. 

(p) On the West bank of Connecticut river, where it enters 
the Sound, after a course of 400 miles. This is the first town 
settled in Connecticut. It has 8 churches, several uianulacto- 
ries, and 4000 inhabitants. 

(q) City and Capital of New London county, on the West 
bank of Thames river, near its mouth. This has been a place 
ot considerable coiinnerce, having an excellent harbour, the 
best in the State. It is a handsome, respectable, but small ci- 
ty, containing from 3 to 4000 inhabitants, 
(r) Capital of Norfolk county, Mass. cousistiug of 3 parishes. 



46 



GRAND ROUTES. 



NORTH EAST ROUTE — ContinuecL 



GRAKD ROUTES, 






_ «- tt. 


a) 2 • 
'ill 






i 1 £ .1 


c e 4 


aU 


Providence, [5] 


. 


14 


436 





PawtLicket Ptiver and Falis, 


4 


440 


4 


AttleboroLigh, Mass. 


- 


8 


448 


30 


FoxboroLigh, 


- 


7 


455 


23 


Walpole, 


- 


2 


457 


21 


Dedliam, 


- 


11 


468 


10 


Boston, 


- 


10 


478 





Cross Charles River to Char- 








lestown, 


_ 


1 


479 


1 


Lynn, 
Salem, [t'\ 


- 


8 
14 


487 
493 


9 
14 


Ipswich, 

Newburyport, [w] 
Portsmouth, [v] 


- 


13 
11 

, 23 


506 
517 
540 


27 
38 
44 


Cross Pisquataqua River & 
enter the State of Mahie, 








York, 


- 


9 


549 


■ 47 


Wells, 


- 


13 


bQ2 


38 


Kennebunk, [iv'] 


- 


6 


568 


26 


Saci, on Saco R. [x] 


- 


10 


578 


16 


Portland, [y] 




1() 


594 






DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 47 

The principal partof the town is handsomely situated on Chades 
river. It is a valuable n)anufactming auti agricultural town, 
and contains a court house, a btuik, 2 printing offices, and seve- 
ral elegant private nwellings. Population betwef^n 2 and S^jOO. 
(5) Providence, the semi-J:apitai of Rhode Island, and tliird 
commercial town in New England, is sitimted on Providence 
river, over which a handsome bridge is built, connecting the E, 
and W. parts of ?hetown. This town may be called irregular- 
ly beautiful, combining a greater variety of views and scenery 
than any other town in New England except Boston. Ann from 
the salubrity of its atmosphere, excellence of its houses of en- 
tertainm<'nt, and above all from the politeness, sociability, und 
literary accomplishments of its citizens, it is much lesorted Wjk 
during the warm season, and highly admired by strangers. — 
Its population is upwards of 12,000. On a commandiiig emi- 
nence, a little E. of the town, is Biown University. This, ac- 
cording to Dr. Morse, is one of the most flourishing and respect- 
able literary Institutions in the United States. 

(t) The capital of Essex county, Mass. lying between two in- 
lets called North and South rivers. The oldest town in the 
State except Plymouth, and containing 11,346 inhabitants. — 
The commerce of Salem is very extensive, and in point of pop- 
»?*Tion and wealth is the second town in New England. 

(m) Situated on the S. VV. bank of Merrimac river, three 
miles from its mouth. This is oie of the han^isomest towns in 
the United States- lis site is on an eminence gradually slop- 
ing towards the water. It has been a place of considerable 
trade, but is now rather on the decline. Population 7000. The 
Merrimac river rises near the White Mountains, and, after a 
meandering course of nearly 200 miles, enters the sea three 
miles below the town above-mentioned. 

(r) The largest town in New Hampshire, situated on the S« 
W. side of Piscalaqua river, three miles from its mouth, and 
40 from where it rises, Portsmouth contains 7000 inhabitants, 
an academy, athenaem, 2 markets, 5 banks, and 7 churches. — 
Opposite the town is an United States' Navy Yard. 

(w) Kennebunk is situated on the N. E. side of Saco river, 
and contains 2500 inhabitants. This river rises near the White 
Mountains, and after a course of I60 miles, S. E. in which there 
are four cataracts, it enters the sea just below this town. Here 
is a good harbour and considerable trade. 

[x\ This is a romantic situation on the Saco river, which 
has Falls here of 42 feet, which, with the surrounding scenery 
forms a delightful view. Here, is a bank and an academy, 
and 3000 inhabitants. 

[3/] Situated in latitude 43 degrees 39 minutes. The capital 
of the State of Maine, in Cumberland county, on a Peninsula, 
at the head of Casco bay. It is a pleasant but rather irregu- 
larly built town, containing 8581 inhabitants. An elegant 



48 



©RAND ROrjtES. 



NORTH EAST ROUTE — ContinvecL 



GRAND ROUTES. 



Brunswick, [z] 

CrossAndroscogginR.toBatlv^ 

Kennebec River, 

^^^oolwich, 

Cross 2 Bmjs, Wiscasset,[«] 

Alna, 

Sheepscut River, 

Damariscotta River, 

Waldoboro' 

CrossSt.Geo.River to Warren 

Thomastown, [6] - 

Camden, 

Belfast, [c] 

Penobscot River, 

Buckstovvn, 

Casthie, [d} 

Surry, 

Trenton, 

Goldsboro' 

Harrington, 

Columbia, 

Machias River, W. Branch, 

Machias, on Machias Bay,[e] 

E. Falls of Machias, 

Dennejsvilie, 

Eastport, [/] 

Do. Ferry to Robbinstown[^j 



iUi 


ill 


27 


621 


7 


628 


3 


631 


5 


634 


9 


643 


5 


648 


3 


651 


6 


657 


9 


666 


8 


674 


5 


679 


11 


690 


18' 


708 


9 


717 


9 


726 


17 


743 


18 


761 


12 


773 


14 


787 


17 


804 


12 


816 


16 


832 


2 


834 


6 


840 


23 


863 


18 


881 


13 


894 






27 

34 

37 

40 

49 

54 

57 

63 

72 

80 

85 

96 

114 

123 

152 

169 

187 

199 

213 

230 

242 

258 

260 

266 

289 

307 

320 



is |»erce|;tii)ly soAciiinii 
e the ivinjersarc, unifor 



Tlie severity ul ilie cliiii.il 
is cleared of iis forests. Hr 
iemptratehj cold — live sumiitcrs sf i< ne and deliglafiil 
•f tke Saxon» luuy be realized iu Maine< 



US the country 
mly, therefore 
The lonsevitv' 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <SrC. 49 

court house, now used as a state house ; also 2 banks* an in- 
surance office, and 8 houses for public worship. Portland has 
an excellent harbour, and exports large quantities of domestic 
produce. The shipping belonging to this port amourUs to up- 
wards of 27,000 tons. On an eminence in the vicinity of the 
town, is an Observator}'^, nearly 70 feat high, affording a beau- 
tiful prospect of the town and surrounding scenery. 

[s] On S. side of the Androscog;gin, containing a number of 
mills and manufactories, and nearly 3000 inhabitants. Bow- 
doin College is located in this town. It has an elevated situa- 
tion, and commands a fine vievv of the river and surrourvding 
country. 

[*] A port of entr}'- in I^incoln county, Me. on the W. side of 
Kennebec river. It is advantageously situated lor commerce, 
and is one of the most commercial towns in the State. Popu- 
lation 3,026. 

[ft] Is pleasantly situated on W. side of Sheepscot, and con- 
tains upwards of 2000 inhabitants, a court house, jail, bank, 
insurance office, an<i an academy. 

[6J A town containing between 2 and 3000 inhabitants, 
on the River St. George, and W. side uf Penobscot Bay. — 
The river is navigable to this town for vessels of 200 tons. Here 
are found large quantities of limestone. 

[c] Beautifully situated on Belfast Bay — very advantageous- 
ly situated for trade. The town is flourishing, and has an 
Academy, and between 1 and 2 thousand inhabitants. 

[rf] A finely situated town, on the E. side of Penobscot Bay, 
Capital of Hancock county, Maine. It !)as a convenient har- 
bour, and a flourishing trade, and contains a court house, 
jail, bank, and about lUUO inhabitants. 

[e] Consisting of two villages on the E. and W. branches of 
jViachias river, six and a half miles apart. The annual ex- 
ports from this port, in fish and lumber, amount to lOo,OGo doi- 
iais. 

f/J Situated in Passaniaquoddy Bay, and includes Moose, 
Frederick, and Dudley Islands. It is well situated for com- 
merce, and has good wharves, built sufficiently high to secure 
tliem from the extraordinary high tides in tlUe Bay of Fund}'. 

[g-] Robbinstown is on the N. VV. side of the Passamaquoddy 
bay, and the most remote town in the Union in this diieclion. 
The common tides in this bay rise 25 feet. Population up- 
wards of 400. 

The Stale of MaJne contains as many square miles as the late 
Kingdom of Holland. And from its heallliy climate, large riv- 
ers flowing from the interior, extensive seacoast, convenienceto 
the great fisheries, and advantages of proximity to Europe, and 
above all, from the temperance, education, and pushing bold 
enterprise of its athletic citizens, it may one day more than 
equal the Batavian Kingdom in coramerce and wealth. 
5 



50 



GRAND ROUTESi 



NORTHERN ROUTES. 
No. 1. 

From Washmgto7i to Niagara Falls, 



GRAND ROUTES. 




m 

= c « 

14 


ill 

T^ - - 


Montgomery c. h. [It] 




5C 


Clarksburg, 


13 


27 




Monocasj River, [?'] 


8 


Sb 




Fredericktoivn, [j] - 


• 7 


42 


76 


"Woodsborough, 


13 


bS 


89 


Taiiejtowii, 


14 


69 


103 


Hanover, Pa. m - 


15 


84 


3S 


York, [/] 


18 


102 


27 


Harrisburg, [m] - 


25 


127 





Halifax, 


16 


J 43 


16 


Georgetown, 


16 


159 


32 


Simburi/, 


18 


177 


50 


Northumherhnd, [n] 


1 


178 


51 


Pennsborough, 


26 


204 


77 


Jersey Shore, 


28 


232 


105 


Highest Branch of Allegha- 








ny River, ' 


67 


299 




New- York State Line, - 


28 


327 




Ishua, - - 


32 


359 


302 


Boston, 


28 


387 


330 


Buffalo, 


20 


407 


292 


Falh of Niagara, [o] 


15 


422 


307 


Levvistown, 


7 


429 


314 


Fort Niagara, 


7 


-136 


321 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 51' 



[h] This village is also called Rockville. There is an ex- 
tremely bad turnpike from Washington to this place, so much 
so, that the man who keeps the toll house, a//er having taken 
toil, recommends travellers to go the old road. 

f i] Mouocasy creek, or river, rises in Pennsylvania, and 
falls into the Potomac nea'iy south of this Thefe is a good 
bridge over this creek, which you cross from Baltimore lo Fre- 
derick, 

Ij] Capital Frederick county, Md. on Carroll's creek,, a 
branch of the Monocasy. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid 
'out, and well built, and contains a court-house, a juil, a bank, 
a market house, an academy, and 7 houses of public worship, 
1 for German Lutherans, 1 for German Calvinisis, 1 for Epis- 
copalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for 
Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. A considerable portion of the 
houses are built of brick, many are framed, and some are con- 
structed of logs. The streets intersect each other at right an- 
gles, and some of them are paved. The town is situated in a 
fine plain, and the soil in the vicinity is extremely fertile. Four 
newspapers are published here. Population 3,63?. 

[k] A handsomely situated town, but inhabited almost en- 
tirely by Germans. The soil in its vicinity is extreme'y fenik', 
and highly cultivated. There are two houses of worship, both 
German, and a newspaper is published in that language. 

[/] The capital of York county, Pennsylvania, containing; 
3,000 inhabitants. The road from Washington ta this pl:ice, 
and twelve miles beyond, towards Harrisburg, is through a rich 
and tolerably level country ; after which, for two hundred 
miles, it is through a rough, hilly, and mountainous country. — 
The land, however, generally speaking, is fertile. 

[m] Capital of Pennsylvania, on the east bank of the Sus- 
quehanna.h, and containing 3,000 inhabitants. It has a beau- 
tiful, yet low and unhealthy situation, being subject to summer 
and autumnal fevers. Thecapitol, or house of legislation is an 
elegant edifice, standing a little back of the town, on a small 
elevation. A handiome bridge, one mile long, is here built ovec 
the Susquehannah. The roar! to Ni-igara runs northerly frovu 
this, through a rough and picturcstjue country. 

[n] A small town at the junction of the east and west branch- 
es of the Susquehannah. 

[o] In Niagara river, 35 miles in length, running from Laka 
Erie to Lake Ontario, are the Falls of Miagara, one of the 
most beautiful and sublime spectacles on the globe. The tre- 
mendous concussion and deafening sound of the cataract cen 
never be realized from description. To a spectator near the 
bottom of the fall, it seenis as though an ocean from an uppi-r 
world had broken from its mounds, and was tumbling to the 
vvorld below. 



52 



GRAND ROUTE55. 



NORTHERN ROUTE — Continued. 


No. 2. 




IVashington to Albany^ N, Y. and thence to 


Montreal and Quebec. 


GRAND ROUTES. 




a .5 

III 
229 


|l| 


New-York^ as in N.E. route 




149 


Kingsbridge, 


14 


243 


139 


Sing Siiig^ . 


21 


264 


118 


Peekskill, 


11 


275 


97 


Pongkkeepsie, 


34 


309 


75 


Hudson, 


43 


352 


30 


Albany [p] - - 


30 


382 





Troy, [9] . , 


6 


388 


6 


Saratoga, 


28 


416 


34 


Fort Edward, [r] - 


12 


428 


46 


Sandyhill, [s] 


2 


430 


48 


Fort Ann, 


9 


439 


57 


Cross Wood Creek, 


1 


440 


58 


Alexandria, 


32 


472 


90 


Crownpoint, [f] - - 


14 


486 


104 


Essex, 


22 


508 


126 


Plattsburg, 


34 


542 


160 


Canada Line, 


27 


569 


187 


Half-way-house, - 


25 . 


594 




Montreal, [u] 


14 


608 




Berthier, 


50 


658 




Three h^ivers, 


46 


704 




Cham plain, 


J5 


719 




Cape Sante, 


37 


756 




Quebec, [v] 


32 


788 





DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fec, 53 

Ip] The capital of the stnte of New- York, on west side of 
Hudson river. It is the second city in the state, containing up- 
wards of 12,000 inhabitants. The public buildings are, a large 
handsome state-house, a court-house, city hall, academy, pub- 
lic library, museum, two markets, four banks, and twelve houses 
of worship. Albany has a gradual ascent from the river to an 
eminence the site of the capitol, from which the city, the Hudson 
river, and surrounding villages, affording an elegant land- 
scape. 

[q] A pleasant small city, nn the east side of the Hudson, at 
the head of slooj) navigation. It is the third town \\\ size in the 
state. "Mount Ida," a little east of Troy, affords one of the 
finest and most extensive views on the river, embracing four 6r 
five towns, including Albany, six miles distant, the Hudson, the 
Mohawk, with its three mouths, and a beautifully variegated 
and undulating country. Population, 5,264. 

[r] In Washington county, New- York, near the great bend 
r)f the Hudson Mver, 16 miles from Lake George. The New- 
York Northern Canal, from Lake Champlain opens into the 
Hudson at this place through a lock. In the American wars, 
this wasan important military station, commanding the country 
between the Hudson, Lake Champlain, and Lake George. The 
old fort is now demolished. 

\s] VVashinQ;ton county, New-York, on a high sandy plain, 
•on the east bank of the Hudson, near the point where the 
Champlain canal meets the Hudson. It is a handsome compact 
village, with considerable trade. 

[i] On Lake Champlain, 15 miles north Ticonderoga, con- 
spicuous in the history of the revolution. It was the most regu- 
lar and expensive fort constructed by the Biitish in America. It 
is now in ruins. 

\ti\ Montreal is situated on the ea^ side of an island of the 
fame name, which is formed by Ottawas and St, Lawrence ri- 
vers. It is divided into upper and lower towns. Many of the 
streets are regular but narrow, and the city at first view has a 
gloomy unpleasant appearance, but has of late been much im- 
proved by new and spacious streets, with hou^e? built in a hand- 
some modern style ; they are generally of two stories, and cover- 
ed with sheet iron or tin. The principal buiMings lue the gene- 
ral hospital, the Hotel Dieu, the convent of Notre Dame, the 
French cathedral, the English church, the college, the court- 
house, the government house, bank, Sec. There is a considera- 
ble elevation about a mile from the city, from which may be had 
a view of the city, river, and a wide exp?inse of Champlain 
country. The population of Montieal is estimated at 19,000. 
fi*3 The capital of British America stands on a promontory 
on N. W. side of the St. Lawrence, nearly I'JO miles from the 
sea. The prdmontory is formed by the rivers St. Lawrence and 
St. Charles, and is the termination of a ridge of land from one 
5* 



54 



GRAND ROUTES. 



NORTHERN ROUTE — ContlnuecL 

No. 3. 

Washington to Sacketfs Harbour, 



GRAND ROUTES. 


IPl 


uo - a 


lit 


Albany, as before, - 




382 





Schenectady, 


16 


398 


16 


Cross Mohawk River to 








Amsterdam, 


17 


415 


33 


Palatine Lower Bridge, - 


2* 


439 


57 


Little Falls Village, 


24 


463 


81 


Utica, 


20 


483 


101 


Recross Mohawk River to 








Trenton, 


13 


496 


114 


Boownsville, 


18 


514 


132 


Martin sburg, 


20 


534 


152 


Watertown, 


30 


564 


182 


CrossBlack R.to Brownsville, 


4- 


568 


186 


Re-cross Black River to 








Sackett's Harbour, 


8 


576' 194 



NORTH WESTERN ROUTE. 

No. 1. 
From Wash'mgton to Pittsburgh and thence 
to Cleveland, Detroit, ami Michilimackinac,. 



Fredericktown,as 1st N. route 




42 


76 


Hagerstown, \iv] - 


27 


69 


103 


Pennsvlvania State Line, - 


8 


77' 




M'ComielPstown, [;r] 


20 


97 


94 


Junietta River, 


17 


114 




Bedford, [3/] 


14 


128 


105 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWN?, &iC, 



to two miles wide, running from E. to W. On the north is cape 
Diamond rising almost perpendicularly 345 feet above the water. 
At the N. E. end of this promontory the city is built, and en- 
closed by fortifications extending across the peninsula, the cir- 
cuit of which is 2 i-2 miles. It is divided into two parts, upper 
and lower: the upper town is situated on the side of cape Dia- 
mond, which slopes to the north towards St. Charles. It is 
separated from the lower town by a line of steep rocks, whicU 
run from the cape 'o the west. The lower town is situated im- 
mediately under cape Diamond, and conmiunicates with the 
upper town_by a winding street, at the top of which is a fortified 
gate. The breadth of the principal streets is 32 feet — the hou- 
ses, generally, are built of stone in an iiregular manner, with 
high sloping roofs. Some of the principal public buildings are, 
the cattle of Louis, the Hotel Dieu, the Protestant and Catholi* 
Cathedrals, the Fiench College, and the Convent of Ursulines. 
The Flaiijs of Abraham lie on the summit of the heights, which 
terniinate at the river on the west and south side of the city.— 
Quebec is considered the strongest fortified town in America. 
The St Lawrence has here 28 fathoms of water, with a safe 
capacious harbour, sufiicicnl to contain 100 ships of the line. 
The prospect from the heights of Quebec, combines the most 
beautiful and sublime objects of nature; "exhibiting, in its en* 
virons, the beauty of an European capital, and yet, in winter, 

smaitmg with the cold of ^Siberia." Population, upwards of 

15,000. 

[ic] The capital of Washington county, in the valley of 
Connegocheague, between the Blue Ridge and North Mountain. 
Population about 3,000, a large proportion of which are Ger- 
mans. It contains a court house, bank, maiket house, and fouf 
bouses of public worship, 't is a place of considerable busi- 
ness, being situated in the most fertile part of Maryland. 

At Hagerstown, the road forks more northerly, leading through 
Bedford to Pittsburg, and the other thiough Cumberland to 
Wheeling. — They are both turnpikes. 

[x] On the top of the high steep mountain between Mercers- 
burg and this town, there is an immense variegated prospect of 
the Eastern Valley. Here the traveller seems to lake a fare- 
well view of the Atlantic regions with " a longing, lingering, 
look behind." 

[^3 A beautiful and interesting town, the capital of Bed- 
ford county, on the west branch of Junietta, enclosed by high 
mountains on nearly all sides; population, about 1,000. A lit- 
tle south of this town are the celebrated Bedford Springs, in a 
cool recess at the foot of a steep mountain, which is clothed 
with evergieens, and abounding in botanical treasures. These 
Hygean fountains and Arcadian bowers, are visited from dif- 
rer«jat niotives, by the aiHicted and the gay. 



58 



GRAxVD ROUTES. 



NORTH WESTERN ROUTE — Continued, 



GRAND ROUTES. 



^ s.s 



Stoyestown, 

Summit of Laurel Hill [z] 

Greensburg, [^] 

Pittsbtirg, [«] 

Harmony, 

Newcastle, 

Ohio State Line, 

Warren, [6] 

Cuyahoga River, 

Cleveland, [c] 

By Water. 
Sandusky Bay, 
Hen and Chickens, 
Fort Maiden, 
Detroit, [d] 
Lake St, Clair, 
Entrance of St. Clair Riv. 
Entrance of Lake Huron, 
White Rock, 
Thunder Bay, 
Middle Island, 
Fort Mlchilimackinac^[e'] - 
Entrance of Green Bay, [/] 
Head of Green Bay, 



32 

27 

19 

9 

24 
22 
29 

66 

27 
28 
16 
12 
62 
50 
28 
80 
50 
40 
80 
100 



27 155 
13 168 

26 194 



226 
253 
272 
281 
305 
327 
SbQ 

411 

438 
466 
482 
494 
556 
606 
634 
714 
764 
804 
884 
984 



Q =.■ 



168 
200 

227 



204 



175 



130 




12 

74 
124 
152 

232 
282 

322 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SzC, 5*7 

-■---..... ' ■' 

[3] After crossing two nionntains, each having nriore eastern 
aseent than western descent^ the traveller here arrives at the 
great Alleghany, which swells above all the others, yet with 
such an unassuming gradation, that he often forgets he is on a 
mountain. This is, generally speaking, a good turnpike road, 
having excellent houses of entertainment at convenient distan- 
ces from each other. 

[i.S"] A borough and capital of Westmoreland county, Penn- 
sylvania, on a branch of the Sewickly, and in the town- 
ship of Hempfield. Population 771. It contains a court house, 
a jail, a bank,, an academ}', and a German Calvinlst Church. 

[a] A city, and capital of Alleghany county, situated on a 
point of land formed by the junction of the Alleghany river from 
the north, and Monongahela from the south, which here make 
the Ohio. The local situation of this metropolis cf West Penn- 
sylvania, is highly favourable for manufactures and trade, 
which are already extensively carried on. Pittsburg has rather 
a low situation, and is constantly enveloped in smoke of the 
mountain coal, which, with the sable aspect ot the houses, aris- 
ing fiom the same cause, rendeis this rather a disagreeable, and 
*'no abiding city," for those who travel for pleasure. — Popula- 
tion, 7,248. 

[b] The capital of Trumbull county, Ohio, on Mahoning 
Creek, a flourishing little town, containing from 50 to 100 
houses. 

[cj Situated at the entrance of Cuyahoga Creek into Lake 
Erie, and a place where travellers take water passage to vari- 
ous shores of this, and other connected lakes. 

[d] A town, and port of entry on the west bank .of Detroit 
river, in the Michigan Territory, ten miles south of Lake St.' 
Clair, and 20 north of Lake Erie, in latitude 42 deg. 25 minutes, 
"Which is nearly the same as the latitude of Boston. This 
town is well located for trade, and likely to become a flourish- 
ing place. — Population, rising, 1,422. 

[e] Situated on a clitf above the town of iNTichilimacinac, 
ai.d one mile faither is another summit, 150 feet higher, SCO 
feet above the lake is fort Holmes, from which there is an ex- 
tensive prospect of lakes Michigan and Huron. 

[/] A military post, and seat of justice for Brown county, 
Michigan, at S. end of Green Bay, near the entrance of Fox 
river. Here is a settlement extending about 4 miles along the 
river, consisting of about 80 fanjilies, of a mixed race, descen- 
dants of Freuch Jesuists, intermarried with the ladiaos. 



53 



GRAND ROUTES, 



NORTH WESTERN ROUTE — Continued. 
No. 2. 
From Washington to JVkeelin^, by the U. S. 
Turnpike, and thence to Ft. Meigs ^ De- 
troit. 



GRAND ROUTES. 


- jz 






Hagerstoivn, as before, [g] 




69 


103 


Hancocktown, 


27 


96 


130 


Cumberland, [h] 


39 


135 


169 


Pennsylvania State Line, 


33 


168 




Top of Laurel Hill, 


22 


190 




Brownsville, [i] 


17 


207 


198 


Washington, 


22 


229 


220 


Cross Va. state line W. Union 


21 


250 




Wheeling, \_j] 


8 


258 


383 


Cross Ohio River, 


1 


259 




Morristown, 


20 


279 




Frankfort, 


20 


299 




Cambridge, [A.^] 


15 


314 




Zanesville, 


25 


339 


60 


Cross Licking ck.to Jeneville 


12 


351 




Winchester, 


29 


380 




Frederickstown, 


17 


397 




Mansfield, 


18 


415 


70 


Fair haven. 


25 


440 




Head of Huron River, 


30 


470 




Pipe Creek, [/J 


20 


490 




Lower Sandusky, 


18 


508 




Perrysburg, [mj 


30 


538 


410 


Cross Maiunee River ?vlunroe 


30 


568 




Brownstown, 


18 " 


586 




DliTROIT, 


18 


604 





DESCRIPTION or Tow^s, «fcc. 59 



[g-] The capital of Washington co. Md. on Antietam 
creek. Population 2,690. It is regularly laid out, and 
contains a court house, a jail, a market house, a bank, 4» 
houses of public morship, 1 for German Lutherans, 1 for 
German Calvinists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Metho- 
dists. A great part of the houses are built of brick and 
stone. It is situated in a fertile tract of country, and has 
considerable trade. Two newspapers are published here. 

[A] The capital of Alleghany co. Md. It is a consider- 
able town, and contains a court house, a jail, a n^arket 
house, a bank^ and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Lu- 
therans, i for Koman Catholics, 1 for Methodists, and one 
buit jointiv by the Presbyiprians and Episcopalians. Two 
nc' spapers are published here. The mountains in the vi- 
cinity abound in stone coal, great quantities of which are 
traMspertpd down the Potomac in fla; and keel boats. The 
great western road, made by the U. S. government, extends 
from this town to the banks of the Ohio at Wheeling, and 
a survey has been made from thence to the Mipsissippi, 600 
miles further. 

[«■ i A port and borough of Fayette co. Penn. on the Mo- 
nongahela at the junction of Dunlap's and Red Stone 
creekF. Population 97^3. It is situated at the point where the 
great Cumberland road stikes the head of navigation of 
the Monongahela , and hat long been a plnce of embarka- 
tion for emigrants to the wt^Et. The town ha-> a picturesque 
site, built on the declivity of a hill, und the most elevated 
houses being about 300 tect iilgher than those on the river. 
It contains a bank, a printing office, a masonic hall, and 4 
houses of public worship for Presbyterians, Episcopalians, 
Qu^ikers, and Methodists. Salt water abounds in the 
country. 

[ jj A post-town, Ohio co. Va. on the Ohio ; at the moutb 
of the Wheeling. It is built on a high bank, principally on 
one street, and contains a court house, a jnil, a market 
house, a bank, a church, about 200 houses, and has some 
trade and manufactijres. The Cumberland road, lately 
opened, reaches the Ohio at this place. 

[t] Capital of Guernsey CO. Ohio, on Wells' creek. — 
Population 300 ; including the township, 988. It is a 
thriving town, and contains the county buildings and about 
50 flwelling houses. 

[/J Huron co. Ohio, which runs into Sandusky bay. 

[yn] A town in Ohio, at the lower rapids of the Maumee. 
It has been recently laid out. 



60 



GRAND ROUTES. 



WESTERN ROUTES. 

No. 1. — From Washington to St, Louis, and 
thence to the Pacific Ocean, 



GRAND ROUTES. 


Up 


.2 E g 

ill 

69 


IJI 


Hagerstown, 




103 


Hancock, 


27 


96 


130 


Ragged Mountain, . 


20 


116 


173 


Cumberland, [d] 


19 


135 




Height of Alleghany Mount'n 


12 


147 




Smithfield, [e] 


27 


174 


132 


Height of Laurel Mount'n [/] 


16 


190 




Brownsville, Pa. 


17 


207 


198 


Washington, 


22 


229 


238 


Wheeling, Va. [g] 


28 


257 


395 


Cambridge, O. 


bQ 


313 


85 


ZanesviUe, [/i] 


25 


338 


60 


Chillicothe, [i] 


72 


410 


42 


West Union, 


52 


462 




Limestone, 


18 


480 




Lexington, Ken,[ j}. 


67 


547 


23 


Frankfort, 


23 


570 





Louisville. 


51 


621 


61 


Vincemies, Ind. [A*] 


137 


758 




Kaskaskia, 111. [/] 


146 


904 


102 


St, Louis, Mo. \_ni] 


57 


961 


159 


St. Charles, 


21 


982 




Charette Village, 


47 


1029 




Gascon River, 


32 


1061 




Ossage River, 


, SS 


1094 




Saline River, 


40 


1134 




Kansas River, 


167 


1301 





£>liSCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <fcc, CI 

(d) See Page 58. 

(c I'his place contains a tavern and a few houses, on the 
;!3t side oi Youghioeny river, over vv'hich there is an excellent 
;)i idge. 

(/) The traveller tias now arrived to the summit of the last 
Mountain, from which towards the VV. the eye ranges o\erone 
of the most extensive and enchanting of all the landscapes in 
America. This«cene might well be considered worth a jour- 
»icy over the Allegany, if not a " voyage across the Atlantic." 

(g) See Page 58. 

(h) A pleasant town in Ohio, sitnated on the Muskingum, 
capital of a coiuity of the same name. It has several manu- 
factories, one near the town, of copperas. Two bridges are 
here built across the Muskingum. 

(i) A large flourishing town, regularly laid out, the streets 
crossing each other al right angles. This town is located in a 
rery luxuriant level country, and has large establishments for 
manufactures of various kinds. It has 3,000 inhabitants, 3 
banks, 3 printing offices, and 3 houses of worship. 

(y) The metropolis of Kentucky, in Fayette county, contain- 
ing from 7 to 8000 inhabitants. It is situated on a small branch 
of the Elk Horn •Pciver, and regularly laid out. Its public 
buildings are a court house, market, theatre, museum, a flourish- 
ing university, 3 banks, and 7 houses ol worship. 

(A;) A town of Indiana, on the east bank of the Wabash, lOO 
miles from its junction with the Ohio, containing between two 
and 300 houses. Its trade consists mostly in peltry. It has a 
bank, an academy, and two printing offices. 

(/) The seat of Government for Illinois Territory. It is fine- 
ly situated on the Kaskaska, 11 miles fiom its mouth, and 6 E. 
of the Mississippi It has a good harbour for boats, and con- 
tains about 160 houses. The inhabitants are partly French. 

(m) St. Louis, chief town of Missouri, stands on the W. bank 
of the Mississippi, 18 miles below the junction of the Missouri 
by water, 14 above Merrimack River, 3'" below that of Illinois, 
200 above that of Ohio, 1,180 above N. Orleans, and 1,100 be- 
low the Falls of St. Anthony. It has aii elevated and healthy 
situation, having three streets running parallel with the river, 
and these intersected by a number of others at right angles — ■ 
Thrt town extends along the river about two railes. The town 
contains 3 churches, a land office, 2 banks, a tlieatre, a mu- 
seum, and 2 printing offices. The courts are held in one of the 
buildings of the ancient fort, erected in early times for the de- 
fence of the place. This town is fieculiarly calculated to be 
the gieat emporium of the Western country. Situated in the 
vicinity of three great rivers, possessing everv facility of an ex- 
tensive commerce, and surrounded with a rich fertile soil, it will 
probably become a large city. St. Louis was established m 
1764, and contains at present nearly 5oOO inhabitants. 

6 



62 



CIIANI> ROUTES. 



WESTERN Ro UTE — Contimiecl. 




GRAND ROUTES. 




^11 






S;5 I ^ 


O - 'i- 


^l« 


Platte River, [ii'] . 


260 


1561 




Yellow Stone River, 


1280 


2741 




Clark's do. branch of Co- 








lumbia River, 


967 


3708 




Columbia River, [o] 


415 


4123 




Mouth of do. on Pac. Ocean, 


413 


4536 





No. 2. 

Fro)n JVashirigfon to St. Louis, and thence to 
St, Charles, Franklin, and Council Bluffs, 



Wheehng, as above, 




257 383 


Zanesviiie, 




81 


338 


60 


New Lancaster, 






36 


374 




ChiUicothe, 






3G 


410 


42 


Cincinnati, 






94 


504 


109 


Lawrencelmrg, [p] . 






20 


524 




Jacksonville, 






28 


552 




New Lexington, 






43 


595 




Salem, 






30 


625 




Paoli, Ind. \_q\ 






22 


647 106 


Washington, 






44 


691: 


Vincennes, 






20 


711 187 


Fox River, 




36 


747j 


E. end of Grand Prairie, 


52 


.799j 


Carlylc, 




. 


22 


821 


50 



DESCRIPTION- OF TOWXS, &€. ^^^ 

(n^ Platte, La or Shoal tiver," Nojt'n •America, whioh rises 
in tlip Rocky mountains, and after an easlfily conrt:e of about 
1,600 jnilesi joins the Mispouri. 600 fio/n the Mississippi. 

(o) Cfiliitnhia river, North America, which rises uccording 
to Mackenzie, in the Rocky mountains, about long. 1'21 west, 
hit. 54 23 north, wiihin a few miles of the sourco of the Uni- 
jf)!) or Peace river; and, after a course of about 1,500 miles, 
it flov s into the Pacific Ocean, between Point Adams and Cape 
Disappointment, long V13. 54, west, lat. 46 19. north. Tiie 
three great Iributarirs of this rivr-r are the Multnomah, Lewis's 
rix'or, and Clark's river, all flowing into it.on S. E. side ; the 
Multnomah, 139 miles from its mouth, Lewis's riv^r, 413, and 
Clark's 600 milep. At t!ie point of the junction of Lewis's ri-* 
yer the Cnjiinil.ia is S6(> yards wide. The tide flows up 133 
miles, to within 7 miles of ti e great rapids. V^essels of 300 tons 
may reach the Multnomah, and lar^|,e sloops may Ascend as 
iiigh as the tide Above the rapids the navigatiori is good for 
65 miles, where it is interrupted by the long narrows ; and six 
miles higher up, i. e. .261 miles above the mouth of the river, it 
is interrupted by falls of 20 feel perpendicular; above the falls 
the navigatio continues good to the junction of Lewis's river. 
The portages around tiiese obstructions of the navigation, 
amount in all to five miles. 

The entrance of the Columbia lies between breakers wliich 
axtend from Cape Disappointment to a point oil the south- 
ern shore, over a sort of bar or extf nsive flat. The entrance 
into the river, and the egress out of it, are difficult at all sea- 
sons, and from October to April extremely dangerous; and in 
the opinion of experienced navigators, it cannot at any seasoa 
be entered by loaded vessels of 400 tons. Tiie westerly winl 
prevails on this coast, and the sea breaks on the bar with great 
violence. The first modern navigator that entered tills rive^', 
was Mr. Gray, commander of the ship Columbia of Boston. — 
He entered it in 1791, and since that time the river has been 
known by the name of Columbia. It was before called the 
Origon and River of the West. 

The country bordering on the Columbia tov.'ards the ocean, 
is covered vvilh heavy limber, consisting almost wholl}'^ of fir, of 
which captains Lewis and Claik monrion seven species, some 
gr-o\vii!g to a great heiglit. Tlie soil is fertile, composed of a 
dark rich loam. The length of the valley from north to south 
has never been ascertained. The climate is mucli milder than 
in the same parallel on the Atlantic coast. 

{p') Post town and capital of Dearborn co. Indiana, on the 
Ohio, two miles below the gre'it Miami, and 22 below Cincin- 
nati. A newspaper is published here. 

((7) Post-town and capital of Orange CO., Inciiana ", 27 north 
Leavenworth, 40 east Vincennes. 



t»4 



0RAND RdUTES, 



WESTEitN ROUTE — Contlrlued. 



GRAND ROUTES. 




_ li bo 


m 

.2 e'S. 


St. Louis, 


50 


871 




Waltons, 


10 


881 


10 


Cross Missouri River to 








St. Charles, [r] . 


9 


890 




Champ Branch, 


48 


938 




Grand Prairie, 


41 


979 




Franklin, [5] 


m 


1042 




Charitan, • 


30 


1072 




Grand River, 


23 


1095 




Fort Clark, 


81 


1176 




Kansas River, \t] » 


27 


1203 




Old Kansas Village, 


37 


1240 




Platte River, 


223 


1463 




Council Bluffs, [w] . 


50 


1513 





No. 3. 

From JVashington to St. Louis, by Lexington 
and Shaivneetoivn. 



Lexinoton, as in No. 1 , 




547 


22 


Kentucky River, {v~\ 


21 


568 




Cross Salt River, [i/j] 


6 


574 




Cross Rollijig; do. 


57 


631 




Hardenbuvji', 1. [a-] - 


48 


679 




Owensboro', orYellow Banks 


41 


720 




Green River, [y] 


13 


733 





©ESCRIPTION OF TOV/NS, SlC. G5 



(r) Post-town and capital of St. Charles co Missouri, on tiie 
Missouri; 21 miles from its mouth, and 18 N. W. of St Loui^ 
by land. Population about 12,000. It is a handsome and 
flouiishing village. A weekly newspaper is published here. It 
is built on a narrow strip of land, between the river and ths 
hills ; this space admits only one street, which is about a mile in 
length. 

(a) Franklin, port-town and capital of Howard co Missouri, 
on north bank of the Missouri, 200 miles above St. Louis, 130 
W. N, W. Potosi, west, 1,069. Long. 92 54 west, lat. 3K 57 
north. Population in 1821, 1,800. This town was laid out in 
1816, and in 1821 contained about 500 buildings, some of ihem 
handsomely built of brick, others framed, but the greater pait 
of logs. It contains a court-house, a jad, a market-house, a 
land-office, an academy and a printing office, from which is is- 
sued a weekly uesvspaper. It has «ibout 20 merch^utije store?, 
10 lawyers, 4 physicians, and a variety of mechanics.. It is 
regularly laid out, the streets 824 feet wide, with a public square 
of 2 acres, for the erection of public buildings. It has a healthy 
situation, in a district of country very ferlile and rapidly set- 
tling. It is the second town in business anfl importance in Mis- 
souri, and the present western limit of steam boats and other 
boats. 

(t) Kansa.s, or Kanzas, or Kanscs river, North America, 
which rises in the FAocky Mountains, and after an easterly 
course of upwards of 1,200 miles, unites with the Missouri, 
340 miles from the Mississippi, in long. 94 20 west. Lat. 38 
31 north. It is 34J yards wide at its mouth. 

(u) A military post belonging to the United States, on east 
bank of the Missouri, about 5o miles above the junction of the 
La Platte, and 650 above the junction of the Missouri with the 
Mississippi. Long. 16 42 west, lat. 41 31 north. It is an im- 
"portant station, the highest up tlie Missouri, thai is occupied by 
ti-.e United States as a militaiy position. 

(v) This river rises in the S. Eastern part of. the Slate, ta- 
king a N. Western course, enters Ohio, about 80 miles above 
Louisville. During the most rainy months of the year, it ia 
navigable for small batteaux about 200 miles, [ts banks are 
bold and rocky. 

(lo) Salt river, Kentucky, which runs N". W. into the Ohio, 
twenty miles below the Rapids. It is navigable for boats sixty 
miles. 

(x) The seat of Justice for Breckenridge county, Ker.tucky, 
60 miles S. VV. of Louisville. 

(1/) Green River rises in the S. Eastern part of Kentucky. It 
has first a W. then a N. W. course into Ohio River. Its whole 
course is about 200 mile?, through a most fertile, romauiic, and 
interesting countrv. 
6=^ 



G6 



CRA^D ROL'TES. 



WESTERN ROUTE — Continued, 



GRAND ROUTES. 


u -£3 


■- "IS 


.i a'S. 


Morganfield, Ken. 

Shawneetovvn, 111. [z] 

Gassaway's, 

Middleton Ferry, Kaskaskia 

River, [^.] 
St. L(5uis, , 


41 
15 
33 

71 

32 


774 
789 
822 

893 
925 


228 
92 

102 




No. 4. 

/Vo/zi Washington to St* Louis, by Wheeling 
and the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, 



Wheeling, as before. 
Grave Creek, [ci] 
Fishing Creek, 
End ol Long Reach, 
Marietta, O. [6j 
Parkersburg and Little Ken- 

haway River, Va. 
Blannerhassett's Island, [c] 
Little Hockhocking Riv. O. 
Big ditto 
Letart's Rapids, 
Point Pleasant and Great 

Kanhaway River, Va. \d] 
Galliopolis, O. [e] 
Big Sandy River, K. 
Little ditto 





257 


10 


267 


24 


291 


21 


312 


27 


339 


15 


354 


5 


359 


4 


ms 


S3 


396 


24 


420 


4 


424 


45 


469 


18 


487 



38^ 



104 



377 
104 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, <fec» 67 

(s) Shawneetown, Capital of Gallatin county, Illinois, oa 
Ohio River, about lO miles below the mouth of the Wabash. It 
contains a bank, printing office, and United States land office. 

(6^') Kaskaskia River has a S. VV. course into the Mississippi, 
about 60 miles below the entrance of Missouri. It flows through 
a fertile region, having a very high bank part of the distance. — 
Some of the best land in the State of > Illinois, is between this 
River and the Mississippi. 

(«) A river iu Virginia, which flows into the Ohio, 12 miles 
below Wheeling. Litllc Grave Creek flpus into the Ohio about 
a mile above. IN ear the mouth of the stream is an alluvial tract 
about two miles square, on which are found remains of ancient 
works, as tumuli, mounds, Szc. The Big Grave, so called, one 
quarter of a mile from the Ohio, is a remarkable monument, 
300 yards in circurofereiice, and 100 in diameter at the base, 4a 
in diameter at the summit, and 90 high. It contains many 
thousands of human skeletons. 

(b) Capital of Washington county, Ohio, on the Ohio, 178 
miles by water, below Pittsburg, 287 above Cincinnati, 93 E. 
by N. ChiUicothe, 109 S. E. Columbus, west 307. Long. 81 
19 west. Lat. 39 25 north. It is pleasantly situated immedi- 
ately above the mouth of the Muskingum, and contains a court- 
house, a jail, a market-hnuse, a bank, an academy, a land-office, 
a printing-office, two houses of public worship, about 20 stores, 
and 90 dwelling houses. A considerable part of this town ex- 
periences the inconvenience of being almost annually overflowed 
by water. — Population of the township, 2,136. -^About one half 
mile from the junction of the Muskingum with the Ohio, are 
remains of extensive ancient works, consisting of walls and 
mounds of earth, in direct lines, and also in square and circular 
forms The largest square fort contains 40 acres, and is inclos- 
ed by a wall of earth from six to eight feet high, and from 25 
to 36 wide at the base. 

(f) This Island, famous as having been the spot where a con- 
spiracy, or more properly, a Quixotic invasion of Mexico was 
deliberately determined on. It contains about SOO acres of ex- 
cellent land, over the whole of which hemp has been most profi- 
tably cultivated. It i» 13 miles below Marietta. 

(df) iMason county, Va. 5 miles N.E. of Galliopolis, just above 
the confluence of the Great Kanhawa with the Ohio. Kan- 
hawa, (Great) rises from diftereut streams in the western part 
of N. Carolina, and pursuing a N. Westerly direction through 
the rough region in the western part of Virginia, discharges itself 
into the Ohio about 90 miles below Marietta, and 260 from Pitts- 
burg. It admits baiteaux navigation through a great part of its 
course. 

(e) Capital of Gallia county, O. on N. W. side of the Ohio. 
It is handsomely situated on an elevated bank of the river, and 
has a Court House, an Academy, and nearly IQOO inhabitants. 



63 



GRAND ROUTES. 



WESTERN ROUTE — Continued, 



GRAND ROUTES. 


12 


m 




Little Sciota River, 


499 




Ponsmoiah and Sciota Ri- 








vers, 0. [/] 


9 


508 


86 


Maysville, [g~\ 


4i 


552 


74 


Cincinnati, 0. and Newport, 








Va. [h] . . 


55 


607 




Port William, Mouth of Ken- 








tucky R. . . 


74 


681 


44 


Louisville, K. [i] 


49 


730 


52 


Salt River, K. 


25 


755 




Washington and Stephensport 


69 


824 




Green River, K. 


78 


902 




Wabash River, L 


56 


958 




Shawneetown, 111. . 


10 


968 


92 


Saline River, 


8 


976 




Tennessee River, K. 


62 


1038 




Junction of the Ohio and 








Mississippi Rivers, 


49 


1087 




Ascend Mississippi River, to 








Cape Gerardeau, Mo. . 


42 


1129 




St. Genevieve, Mo. [j] 


69 


1198 




Merriniac River, Mo. 


34 


1232 




St. Louis, Mo. 


19 


1251 




Bellefontaine, 


14 


1265 




,St, Charks, Mo. . 


21 


1286 





DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <^C. QQ 

(/) Capital of Sciota county, Ohio, on the E bank of the 
Sciota, just above its junction with the Ohio River — 45 S. 
of Chillicothe, 4i4i W.of Galliopolis. Population between Sand 
600. 

(g) A post-town, in Mason county, Kentucky, on the Ohio ; 
3 miles N. E. of Washington, 60 N. E. of Lexington, and 63 
above Cincinnati. Population about 1,500. It is a flourish- 
ing town, and contains a glass manufactory, a piinting-office, 
&c. It has more trade than any other town in Kentucky, oa 
the Ohio, above Louisville. The site on which it is built is 
pleasant, but confined, not more than 30 rods wide, and the 
hills in Its rear rise abruptly to the height of 450 f^et. 

(h) City and Capital of Hamilton c< unty, O. on N. bank of 
the Ohio, 20 miles above the mouth of the Great Miami, having 
1,900 houses, and in 1820, 9.642 inhabi:ants. Cincinnati was 
laid out in 1788, and began to flourish in 1794, since which 
its growth in population, wealth, and trade, has been remarka- 
bly rapid. Its situation is high, pleasant, and healthy. It con- 
tains a court house, 3 biick market houses, 4 banks, library, 
hospital, museum, 4. printing offices, and 10 places of wor- 
ship Its manufactures are various and extensive. 

(i) Port of entry, and capital of Jefferson county, Kentucky, 
on the Ohio, at the head of the rapids, 122 miles below Cincin- 
nati, 52 west of Frankfort, 137 south of E^ Vincennes, west 
617. Long. 85 30 west. Lat. 38 3 north. Population in I8l0, 
1,357 ; in 18i20, 4,012. It is a flourishing town, next to Lexing- 
ton, the most considerable in the state. It is pleasantly situated, 
being built on an eminence which is 70 feet high, gentlj- de- 
scending to a narrow plain along the bank of the river. It con- 
tains two banks, one of which is a branch of the U S. bank; 
two printing-offices, an academy, various other public buildings, 
and several rope-walks and manufactories. 

The three principal streets run parallel with the river. From 
the front street, there is a fine prospect of the rapids and of the 
shore, and hills on the opposite side of the river. A company 
has been incorporated by the legislature of Kentucky, for the 
purpose of opening a canal on the Kentucky side of the rapids. 
An extensive commerce is now carried on from this town, with 
Natchez, New-Orleans, and St. Louis. 

(j) Capital of St. Genevieve county, Missouri, Population, 
1,500. — This town was formerly built on the river bank, and is 
said to have contained once 7,000 inhabitants. The ground on 
which it stands is somewhat higher than the jriver bottom, and 
it begins to extend itself back upon ground considerably more 
elevated. On an elevation in the rear of the town a handsome 
stone building has been erected for an academy, which com- 
mands a fine prospect. This town contains a court-house, a 
jail, a catholic chapel, a branch of the Missouri bank, aiftl 
about 300 houses. 



70 



Grand routes. 



SOUTH WESTERN ROUTES. 

No. 1. 
From Washington to New- Orleans, by Lex- 
ington, Nashville, and Natchez, 



GRAND ROUTES. 


- - = c 
. = > £ 

.-, - s .£ 

-1 " c 


— ^ 6c 


,, 4! 

'- ? * 


Lexington, as 1st W. Route, 




547 


22 


Perrvviile, 


38 


586 




New I\Iarket, 


23 


609 




Munroe, 


31 


640 




BoAvling Green, 


47 


687 


161 


Tennessee State Line, 


25 


712 




Nashville, [/t] 


40 


752 


35 


Columufa, 


41 


793 


41 


Florence, Al. 


63 


856 


254 


Russelville, . . 


18 


874 


249 


Mississippi State Line, 


40 


914 




Columbus, 


25 


939 


153 


Fulsom, on old road. 


48 


987 




. Cl:ote's head of Pearl River 


m 


1023 




Choctaw Agency, 


64 


1087 




Grindstone Ford, 


61 


1148 




Greenville, 


24 


117^^ 


135 


Natclrez, [l\ 


25- 


1197 


110 


Woodville, 


38 


1235 


84 


Baton Rou2;e, 


61 


1296 


120 


St. Gabriel's Church 


27 


1323 




CentraPs 2 Churches 


41. 


1364 




Boiuiet Quarre, 


30 1394 


. 


New Orleans, 


39 


1433 





DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 71 

-..,. ' '•' -'■■■-■■ -.■■ • -'. : ■ rrr- — ' ■<!" ; 

(k) Capitnl of Davi^Jsou, county, Tfimiessee, on soutli side 
©f the CunibPilaud ; 32 N. W. iVlurfreesborough, 110 north of 
Huntvvllk, 190 west KiioxvilJe, 250 6 W. Lexington. 430 N. 
E. by N. JMalchrz west 727. Population 3 or 4,000 —Long. 
87 8 W. Lat. 35 45 N.— it is plt-asuntly situated, regularly 
laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, 2 
banks, a yoiuiji hadies' academy, a public library of 1,200 vols., ' 
a cotton and uoollen manufactory, a rjope walk, 2 distilleries, 
and 3 houses of f)ublir \vo.h.hip, 1 for Fresbyteiians, 1 for Me- 
thodists, and 1 for Baptists. K i^ a thriving and wealthy town, 
the largest in the staie, and is situ. 'ted in a fertile and populous 
eoun'.'.y. and has a flourishing trad*-. Two newspapers aie pub- 
lishf I here. There is a steam-boat navigation from Nashville 
to Niv»" Orleans. The Cumberland is navigable to this place 
for ves^els of 30 or 40 tons, 9 months in the year, and at certain 
times tor ships of 400 tons. The dislance of Nashville from 
New-OileaiJ^ by land, through Natciiez, is 586'miles. A road 
is ' pening thuiugh Madisoiiville, distance 41)0 miles. — Cumber- 
land Coll', ge was incorporated here in 1806, and a building about 
90 ft-tt long, and three stori«^s high, was erected ; but the col- 
lege has n"t gone into operation, and a grammar sciioul is kept 
jn tile buiidirg. 

(/) City and port of entry, Adams couuty, Mississippi, on E. 
bank of the Missibsip^i, .322 n)iles above New-Orleans, by the 
course of the )iver, 4zT above the mouth of the stream, 669 be- 
low fi.e mouth of the Ohio, 8:6 bf.'low St. Louis, 1613 below 
PiitSiurg; 1.56 by land N. VV. Wew Orleans, 90 west Monti- 
cei.'o. 430 S. Vv by S. rs'ashville, W. 1,260. Long. 91 25 w.;st, 
Lat. ^i 34 north. Fc-pidation in 1810, 1,511; in 1C20, 2,184, 
slaves, 856. It is much the largest town ii\ .\1issis^ippi, and has 
till lirtely been the seat of governmeijt. It consists of two 
parts, the upper and lower to\\n,>^; trie former is situated on the 
jnar>^i)i f>f the river; thf^ lattsr, which is th;^ principal part, on 
ground elevated about 100 feet above high water murk in the 
river. The city is reguliirly laid out in the forni of a paiallel- 
ogram, the f^tre^ts intersecting each other at right angles, but 
thf »ite on which It is built is very uneven. It contains a court 
housc^ a jail, a- maikf-t house, a bauk, an academy, two print- 
ing r.fnces, and two houses of public worship, one lor Roman 
Catliolics, and one for Fresbyteiians. 

Some of- the houses are elegant, bitt they are mostly of 
wood, and of only one story. To enable the inhabitants to en»' 
joy the evening air, almost e»'ery house has pi izza and bal- 
cony. The gardens are ornamentecJ witli fi ■ trees, plums, peiichesj 
and grape-vines. — It is a wealthy tiading town, well situated 
for a commercial depot, having a teriile ami well t:<iitivate(l 
country in its rear, which produces great quantities of cot- 
ton. 



©RAND ROUTKS. 



SOUTH WESTERN ROUTE— Co2Z/mwed 

No. 2. 

From Washington to New- OrleanSy by Staun- 
ton^ Knoxville, and Nashville, 



GRAND ROUTES. 




ill 

id 


111 

■ -. S X 


Fredericktown, 




42 


76 


Harper's Ferrj, [ir.] 




21 


63 


193 


Chrirlestown, Va. 




10 


73 


1,85 


"Winchester, [n] 






19 


92 


168 


Harrisonburg, ^o] 






38 


130 


123 


Staunton, ,p] 






25 


155 


126 


Fairlield, 






22 


177 


148 


Pattonsburg, 






59 


216 




Salem, 






40 


256 




Nevvbern, 






50 


306 


240 


Stalejstown, 






40 


346 




Abingdon, 






44 


390 


322 


Bossviile, orBoatYa 


rd, 




41 


431 




Roo^ersville, 






25 


456 




Rutiidge, 






34 


490 




Knoxville, [ql 






33 


523 


163 


Kingston, \r\ 






S3 


556 




Crab Orchard, 






24 


580 




Sparta, 






35 


615 


55 


M^Minville, [3] 






25 


640 


30 


MuilFREESBORO' [t] 




30 


670 


Nashville, [w] 




,35 


705 35 


New- Orleans, as befc 


>re, , 




666 


1371i 





DESCRIPTION OF TOIVNS, CMC. 



[m] \ small town in Virginia, on the point of land, foinu-d by 
the jun"tion of Potomac River from the IN W. and Shannan- 
doahfrnin the S. W. just wheie the t>vo united rivers rend asunder 
the Blue llidge. Tliis is one of the greatest natural curiosities 
in America Here is an United States' armour}^^ which employs 
from 2 to 300 workmen. 

[?i] Winchester is one of the largest towns in the valley be^- 
tween the Potomac River and Tennessee. It is the Capital of 
Frednrick county, and one of the largest and most wealthy towns 
in Virginia. The town has niostly a low situatmn, extendino- 
along one street about a mile. Population between 3 and 4000. 
This valley road cor.tinues for hundreds of miles from N. E. to 
S. W. in sight of she Blue Ridj^e E. and North Mountain W. — 
The land is the best in Virginia. 

[o] Harrisonburg, post-town and capital of Rockingham 
county. Virgi<iia ; 30 miles N. N. E. Staunton, 75 S. S. W. of 
Winchester, 144 W-. S' W. Rirhmnnd. Population about 
1,000. It is a pleasant and well built town, and contains a 
court-house a jail, and an Episcopal church; all built of 
slate-stone, which is very common in this part of Virginia, 
and a Methodist meeting-bouse of wood. 

[p] Staunton, port and capital Augusta county, Virginia; 
40 miles W. N. W. Charlotlesv.lle, 95 S. W. Winchester, 120 
W. N. VV. Richmond. It is delightfully situated in a heal- 
thy part of the country, regularly inid out, and contains 2 
court-houses, a jail, an academy, 3 cnurches, and had, in 1818, 
about 1,500 inhabitants. About 12 miles N. W. of the town 
there is a sulphur spring, which was discovered in 1815, and is 
now much visited. 

[q] The Capital of Knox county, Tennessee, on the Holstein 
River, 22 miles above its junction with th.e Tennessee Kiver, m 
lat. 35 dg. 45 NT. It is regularly laid out on a handsome site, 
and contains 2000 inhabitants- 

\r\ Ki.igstou, post-town and capital of Roane county, Ten- 
nessee, at the confluence of the Clinch and Tennessee rivers; 
65 VV. Knoxville. 

[s] M'Minnville, post- town and capital of War: en county, 
Tennessee, 33 E. by S. Murfreesborough. Long. 87 7 W. 
Lat. 35 43 N. Pop. in 1810, 120. 

[^J The Capital of the State of Tennessee since 1817. It is 
situated on an en^inence, which falls away in every direction. — . 
Population 1500. 

[w] The Capital of Davidson county, situated on the S. side 
of Cumberland llivee, containing 4000 inhabitants. T/iis is a 
flourishing town, the largest in the Stale, in the midst of a rich 
and populous country The above named River is navigable t® 
this town for vessels of 40 tons. A steam boat also plies be- 
tween this and New Orleans. 
7 



GRAXD ROUTES. 



SOUTH WESTERN ROUTE — Continued. 



No. 



From Washington to New- Orleans, ^' thence 
to the month of the Mississippi, by the Ohio 
and Mississijjpi Rivers, 



GRAND ROUTES. 




•4 = 1 
"« "" 1' 

^ ^ s 




Wheeling, as in 1st vV. route, 




257 




Confluence of Ohio and 








Mississippi Rivers, as in 








W route. No. 4, 


830 


1087 




Tennessee Boundary Line, 


61 


1138 




Boundary of Arkansas Ter. 


67 


1205 




Mississippi State Line, 


109 


|1314 




St. Francis River, Ark. [v] 


40 


il354 




White River, Ark. [iv] 


60 


1414 




Arkansas River, Ark. 


12 


1426 




Grand Lake, [.t] 


93 


1519 




North boundarv of Louisiana 


4 


1523 




Lake Providence, W. side, 


44 


1567 




Warren, M. 


48 


1615 




Natchez, M. 


92 


J 707 




North Boundary of Louisia- 








na, E. side 


53 


1760 




Red River, W. side, [?/] - 


8 


1768 




Baton Rouge, E. side, [z] 


78 


1846 




New-Orleans, as before. 


137 


1983 




English Turn ^ Fort Leon [a] 


19 


:^002 


Foutainville, 


43 


20451 





DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 75 



[v] St. Pir.nris rivei- Missouri and Arkansas, which rises in 
thi' mining distiicf, Mi:=souri, flows southerly, and joins the 
iVIississipni. 107 mile« above the Arkansas, in Lat 34 45 N. — 
It is iiavigrible about 250 miles; at this distance the navigation 
is obstructed by trees, bru?hwond, fee, otherwi.se it might be na- 
vigated Id within 14 miles of St Michael's. The country wa- 
tered by it affords some excellent land, mixed with some that is 
rockv ; towards tlie mouth, there is much that is swainpy, low, 
and ovpifiown. 

[w White river, Arkansas territory, which rises among the 
Pawnee mountains, about Long. 97 W. Lat: 36 N., and after 
a very serpentine course of about l,oOO miles, joins the Missis- 
sippi 5U miles above the mouth of the Arkansas. It is said to 
l)e navigable for ho;its, 1,200 miles, and is 150 yards wide at 
its m< uth. Its waters are clear and transparent, formed from 
springs flowing Irom the flinty hills that a-.e found, for more than 
half us course, within a few miles of, and often immediately 
on. its banks A gn at portion of the country, therefore, tbiough 
which it flows, is rough and sterile, hut the imniediate margin 
of the river uniformly presents a strip of the ricliest alluvial 
bottom land, from one quarter of a mile to 1 1-2 wide, eminent- 
ly adapted to purposes of agriculture. The water of White 
river is so trant;parent that a pin may be seen 10 or 15 feet be- 
low the surface. 

[x] Grand Lake, Louisiana. Longitude 93 5 W. Lati- 
tude, 32 N. 

[y] Or Natchitoches river, North-America, which rises about 
100 N. E. SantT Fe, in Mexico, Long. 105 W. Lat. 35 N., and 
after a very serpentine course of about 1,500 miles in Mexico, 
between Mexico and Arkansas, and through Louisiana, flows 
irito the Missie^ippi. 240 miles above New-Orleans, in Long, 
91 48 W. Lat. 31 15 N.— The navigation of Red river is inter- 
rupted at a place called the Rapide, 135 miles from its moutii, 
by .a ledge of soft roc:k of the consistence of pipe clay, which 
extends across the river, but might be easily removed. No dif- 
ficulty, however, is experienced at present, except in low wa- 
ter. A more formidable obsi.ruction is found in those natural 
bridges, formed by the accumulation of drift wood, under which 
the cujyent of this great river passes for several nsiles. They 
have reniained unbroken for so long a period, that they have 
acquired a soil and a growth of timber similar to the surround- 
ing country. 

[sj Baton Rouge, East, parish, Louisiana. Population, 

[a] English Turn, bend, in the Mississippi, IQ miles below 
New-Orleans. Jt is so called, because the English ships, in 
their first attempt on the city, after proceeding^thus far, were - 
oblisfed to return. 



GRAND ROUTES. 



SOUTH WESTERN ROUTE — Continued. 





— o * • 


411 


tU 


GRAND ROUTES. 


|I|S 


"3 •- c 


111 


Fort St. Philip, - 


12 


2057 


Fork of S. Pass, 


20 


2077 




.Oalize Lio^ht-House, Moath 








of Mississippi, 


10 


2087 





No. 4. 

ir^^i:-?. JVashhmton to New-Orleans^ by Au- 
gusta and Milled geville^ a stage route to 
Montgomery^ Ala, . * 



Alexaiulria, '[b\ - 
Dumfries, [c] 
Fredericksburg, [d] 
Bowling Green, - 
Hanover c. h. 
Richmond, 
Fetirsburg, [e] - 
Cross Nottovv'ay River, 

Harrisville 
Cross Meherrui River, 

Lewisville, 
North Carolina State 
Warrenton, [/] - 
Raleigh, >g] 
Fayettesville, 
Little Pedee River, 
South-Carolina State 



- 




7 


- 


26 


33 


- 


24 


51 


- - 


22 


79 


- 


,24 


103 


- 


20 


123 


- 


24 


147 


to 






- 


33 


IBO 


to 






- 


25 


205 


Line, 


9 


214 


- 


17 


231 


- 


56 


287 


»» 


61 


348 


- 


49 


397 


Line, 


3 


400 



116 
90 
66 
44 
20 

24 



82 
73 
56 

61 
110 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &:C. 



[p] A city and port of entry in ti:ie District of Columbia, on 
the S Bank of Potomac River, and nearly at the head of tide 
water. Alexandria is a net»i regular city, containing a Court 
House, Theatre, ;\!usf'um, 6 Banks, a handsome Market House, 
ana 8 houses of worship, and a population of 8218. It is well 
situated for commerce, and has considerable — the principal ar- 
ticles of which are flour, Indian corn, and tobacco. 

[cj Dumfries, post-town, port of enliy, and capital of 
Prince William county. Virginia, on the Qnanlico, which falls 
into the Potomac, 3 miles below the town ; o3 ntiles S. of 
Washington, CO N. of Richmond. Long. 77 28 W. Latitude, 
38 40 N. It contaiiis a court-house, a jail, a meeting-house, 
a large ware-house, and about 250 buildings; and has sorno 
trade. The Quantico is navignble as far as to the town for 
boats of 20 tons. At the mouth of the liver thore is a very 
handsome and excellent harbour. The shipping owned here in 
1816, amounted to 1,956 ton?. 

[rfj On the S. VV. side of the Rappahannoc. This town has 
an extensive trade, lis aj^nual exports amount to nearly 
4,0(i0,u0c, principally flour and tobacco. Fredericksburg is ?0 
miles above the Tappahannock, at which port is entered the 
shipping of this town Population between 3 and 4000. 

[ej Dinwiddle county, Virginia, on S bank of the Appomat- 
tox, just below the falls, 12 miles above its juiictinn with .Jcunes 
liver, at City Point, 25 S. by E. Richmond. Longitude, 77 31 
W. Latitude 37 18 N Popul^.iion in 1810,^,668; in 1820^ 
6,690; whites, 3,117, slaves, 2,0''8. It contains a court-house, 
a jail, a masonic hall, 2 hanks, 1 insurance office, an academy, 
wh . h iiad, in 1818, upwards of 100 students; 12 or 14 tobac- 
co warehouses, 8 flour mills, and 5 houses of public worship, 

1 for Presbyterians. I for Episcopalians, I for Methodists, and 

2 for Baptists. It is cue of the handsomest and most commer- 
cial towns in the state, and has a large trade in tobacco and 
flour. The shii)ping owned here in 1816, amountec to 5,754 
tons. The Appomattox is navigable as far as the town for ves- 
sels carrying 100 tons. 

[/j The Capital of North Carolina, in Wake county, con- 
taining about 2000 inhabitants This is a beautiful and very 
respectable town, in the c-nitre of which is a square containing 
10 f-.cres, from which run 4 streets On this square stands the 
Capitol or State House, a brick building, i02 by 56, and be- 
tween 40 and 50 /eet high. 

[gjThe Capital of Cumberland county, N. Carolina, a little 
S. of Cape Fear River, on a Sand> plain. This town is ad- 
vantageously situated as an inti rmediate emporium between 
the upper part of the State and the sea board. It is a strag- 
gling town of considerable ext.^nt, containing 3000 inhabitant?, 
a Court House, Academy, 3 Banks, 2 Printing Offjces, and 3 
houses cf wojcihip. 



78 



GRAND ROUTES. 



SOUTH ^YESTERN KouTE — Continued, 



GRAND ROUTES. 


w o — 


^11 
in 


Hi 


Cross Great Pedee River, to 








Society Hill, - 


21 


421 


87 


Camden^ \Ji\ 


52 


473 


So 


Columbia, l^] 


85 


508 





Augusta, [j] 


80 


588 


80 


MlLLEDGEViLLE, [k] 


86 


674 


166 


Fort Mitcbel, 


120 


794 


286 


Point Comlort, - 


61 


855 




Fort Dale, Ala. - 


58 


911 


144 


Claiborne, 


45 


956 




St. Stephein's, [/] 


35 


99 S 


128 


Mississippi State Line, - 


32 


1023 




Black Creek, 


42 


1065 




Cross Pearl R. to Fordsville, 


45 


1110 




Louisiana State Line, 


3 


1113 




^Vashin«ton c. h. 


22 


1135 




Nkw-Orleans, 


bo 


1188 





No. 5. 
From Washington to Neiv- Orleans, by Nash- 
ville and Gen. Jackson^s Road. 



Nashville, as in S. Western 

Route, No. 2, 
Alabama State Line, 
Florence,Jm > 

Mississippi State Line, - 
Colmnbuson G. Jacksn sroaci 
Tom beck bee River, [n] 





705 


81 


786 


23 


809 


58 


867 


'25 


892 



35 



254 



DESCRIPTION OP ToWNS, &.C. 79 



[Aj Post-town and capital Kershaw district, S. C. on K. side 
of the VVateree; 35 N. E Columbia, 109 N. E Augusta, 130 
3\\ W. W. Charleston. Longitude 80 33 VV, Latitude 34 17 JY. 
Population about 1,000. It is a pleasant town, regularly laitl 
out, and contains a court house, a jail, an acaden-.y, and four 
places of public worship; 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for F.piscopa- 
lianp, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodii^ts, and lias ron^ldera- 
ble trade. The surrounding country is fertile and pleasant. — 
The VVateree is navigable to this place for boats of 70 tons. — 
Two battles were fought here during the revolutionary vvar ; 
one on the 16th ot August, 17uO, between General Gite* and 
Lord CoriiwallTs, in vvliich the Americans were defeated; the 
other on the 25th of April, 1781, between General Greene and 
Lord Rawdon. The Americms had 126 killed, and 100 taken 
prisoners. The British had about 100 killed. 

[i\ Capital of S. Curolina, situated near the junction of 
Broad an" Saluda ilivtis, which uiiite.ily fonn the (.rtn^^r^'e. — 
The land gradually ascends from the river for one mile, where 
coiiiineiiofs a plain containing the site of the town, which is 
handsomely laid out in regular streets 100 feet wide. The pub- 
lic buildings here are the State House, Court House, a Bank, 
the Columbia College, and 4 houses of worship, and between 3 
and 4000 inhabitants. 

•Ji Capital of lljchmond county, Ga. on the Savannah ; Ion. 
80 46 W. Lat. 33 19 iN. Population in 181 , 2,476 ; in 1820, 
upwards of 4.000. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market- 
hou>e. an academy, an insurance ofiice, 3 banks, one of uhich 
is a branch of the United States' Bank, and 4 houses of public 
worship ; I for Presbyterians, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for \Ie- 
thoiiisis. and 1 for Episcopalians. 

[k] The Capital of Georgia, situated on the Oconoec, a branch 
of th> Altamaha River, 3()0 miles from the sea, pursuing the 
course of the river. It has a l)igh, he.ilthy situation, and a very- 
fertile country around it. The public buildings are a large 
briik ('apitnl, a Court Hou-e, a Bank, an Academy, and 2 
Churches. Population 2000. 

[/] Capital of Washington county, Al. on W. side of Tom- 
bigbt-e The river is navigable to this place for vessels drawing 
8 or 10 feet of water, at all seasons, and during 6 months of 
the year, f«)r such vessels as can reach Mobile. Population up- 
wards of lOOO. 

[nii Florence, apital of Lauderale county, Al. on N. Hank 
of the Tennessee. Its site is 1,.'0 feet above the surface of the 
Rivei. The streets are 100 feet wide, and intersect each other 
at right angles. 

[n] Rise- near the Muscle Shoals, in Tennessee, and mingles 
with Alabama River 45 ii<iles above Mobile Bay, navigable to 
Fori Sto !dard for large vessels. This River is in length •* or 5 
hundred miles. 



80 



GRAND ROUTES. 



s o UTHWESTERN Ro UTE — Conthiued. 





- ^ 


^. 


V . 


GRAND ROUTES. 




If! 


iii 

- 2« 


Oakiioxabee Creek, 


3.5 


927 




Cross Old Indian Path, - 


90 


1017 




Cross Post-Road, from Nat- 








chez to St. Stephen's, - 


23 


1040 




Cross Pearl River, to Lotts- 








ville, Co] 


63 


1093 




Louisiana State Line, 


11 


1104 




Vvashinf^ton c. h. 


20 


1124 


60 


Madisonville, pi 


23 


1147 


30 


Cross Lake Pontchartrain, to 








Fort St. John, q] 


27 


1174 


3 


New-Orleans, - 


3 


1177 






No. 6. 

From Washington to New -Orleans^ by 
Huiitsville^ Alab. 



M'iMinville, as in S. W. route 








No. 2, [/] - 




640 


35 


AVinchester, [5] - 


40 


680 


60 


Plillsboro', M - 


36 


716 




Buntsville, [i*] - 


12 


728 


257 


Athens, [v] 


24 


752 


281 


Mokon, 


35 


787 


283 


Russelville, Jackson's R:\iv ^ 


24 


811 




Columbus, as above, 


65 


876 


153 


New-Orleans, as above, 


285 


1161 





DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, dlC. 81 



[o] This River separates the State of Mississippi from Lou- 
isiaiia. It runs a southerly conrse, and joins the rigolets or 
channel, which gives a water communication between L. Pont- 
cha'rtrain and Borgne Lake, which is 4-0 miles long, and 13 broads 

[/?] A Post t(>wn in the Parish St. Tammany, Louisiana, near 
the entrance of Chifunrti. into Lake Pontchartrain. 

[q] Pontchartrain Lake is about 35 miles long, and 25 broad. 
It communicates w.th L. Borgne and L. Maurepas, and with N. 
Orleans 

[r] Post town and Capital of Warren county. Ten. 35 mile» 
S. easterly of Murfreesborough, containing, between 3 and 400 
inhabitants. 

[s\ Winchester, pnst-town and capital of Franklin county, 
Tennessee, on Elk river j about 35 miles E. by N. Fayeiteville, 
W 707. 

[/] Hillsborough, post-town, Franklin county, Tennessee; 
60 Murfree^borough 

\u\ The Capital of Madison county, Al. It is regularly laid 
out, and the house principally built of brick. It contains a 
Court House, Market House, Bank, Land Office, 2 Printing 
Offices, and 2 Churches. Population nearly 2000. 

[v] Capital of Limestone county, Al. situated between Hunts- 
ville and Muscle Shoals, in the midst of a very fertile country. 

[«>j Russelvillej post-town and capital of Logan county, Ken- 
tucky ; 55 miles N.N. E. of Washville, 200 S. W. Lexington, 
Population in 1810,,535— in 1820, 1, 712. It contains a court 
house, a jail, a bankj an academy, a meeting-house, 2 print- 
ing-offices, and had, in lol7, about 170 houses. It is near- 
ly equi-distant fiom Green and Cumberland rivers, about 35 
miles from eacii, and situated in a very femile country. — A 
vineyard has lately been planted about 2 miles from Russel- 
vllJe. 



82 



©RAND ROUTES. 



SOUTH WESTERN ROUTE '^'O'ltinuech 



No. 7. 
From Washington to New- Orleans, by Kndx- 



ville and Caliawba. 



GRAND ROUTES. 


lit 


^§5 

g = d 


III 


Kiioxville, as in S. W. Route. 








No. 2, 




523 


163 


Morgantown, 


41 


564 


150 


Cross leiinessee Rh'er, to 








Calhoim, [x] - 


37 


601 




Alabama State Line, 


QS 


664 




St. Clair c. Ii. - 


70 


734 


145 


End of Cahawba Valley, 


:oo 


834 




Cabawba, [;/] 


42 


876 




St. Stephen's, 


90 


966' 


128 


Mississippi State Line, - 


52 


998 




New-Orleans, as in S. Wesc 








Route, No. 4, 


165 


1163 





No. 8. 

From Washington to NeiD- Orleans, by Athens 
in Georgia. 



Fredericksburg, [z] 




57 


65 


Pamunkj River, [a] 


46 


103 




Cross James River, to Car- 








tersville, [6] - 


25 


128 




Farmville, 


36 


164 


78 


Danville, - 


91 


255 


196 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 83 



[x] Seises from the Alleghany Mountains, on the bnr lersol N, 
Carolina. It cr« sses the State of Ten. in a S. westerly direc- 
tion, enters Alabama, then pursuing a westerly course of 150 
or 20U miles, takes a northern, and crosses the State ot Ten- 
nessee again, the western part ol the State of Kentucky, and 
joins the OhiD l2 miles below the CumberlHrnl, and 46 above 
the Mississippi. It is in length llOO miles. At some seasons of 
the year, it is navigable for >team boats 259 miles to Florence, 
in Alabama, at the lower end of Muscle Shoals, and for boats 
at all seasons Above the Shoals boats pass without obstruc- 
tion 25o miles to the Whil, where the river breaks through the 
Cumberland Mountains. 

[y] Capitcil of Alabama, W. side of Alabama River, at the 
junction of Cahawba River. In 1820, it was established the 
seat of government for 3 yea's. It contains a brick State 
Ilouse, a Church, a Land Office, an Academy, and 2 Printing 
Ofiict'S, from each of which is issued a newspaper. 

[s] Fredetickbburg, post-town, Spottsylvania county, Virgi- 
nia, on S. VV. side of the Rappahatmuc ; 7o miles above Tap- 
pahanooc, 68 N. Richmond. Long,itude 77 38 VV Latitude 
38 34 N. — Population in 1812, 2,550, and in 1817, 3,255.— It 
is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, and is one of the 
moi>t healthy, flourishing, and commercial towns in the state. 
It contains a couil-honse, a jail, a spacious town-housp, a 
market house, a masonic hail, a Lancasterian school, a tobacco 
waieboMi^e, 1* banks, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Epis- 
copalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Bajstists, and i f.»r Metho- 
dists. Nearly 100 ot the houses are of buck It is the seat of 
the superior court of law and of chancery for the district. — 
This town expoits large quantities of corn and flour, and con- 
siderable, quantities of toba'-co, flax-teed, pease, and beans. 
The annual amount of exp« rts is about 4,000,000 dollars. On 
the waters of the Rap[)ahani!oc, within tv\<) mlLs ol the town, 
there are eigit flour mills. The river is na ig^ible as Jai as 
this place tor ves.'-els of 130 or 140 tons, having 9 1-2 feet of 
water. The shipping of this town is entered at the port of 
Tappahannoc. 

JViuch ol the surrounding country is fertile, well-cultivated, 
and cfiaams many fine plantutions- 

[a\ Pamunky river, Virginia, formed by the North and South 
Anna. It runs S. E. and unites with the Mattapony, to form 
York river. 

[6] James River informed by the union of Jackson and Cow- 
pasture Rivers. At the point where it begins to break through 
the Blue Ridge, it is joined by N. River. It passes Linch- 
burg, Richmond, City Point, and Jamestown, communica- 
ting with the Atlantic through Hampton Roads and the mouth 
of the Ciiesapeake Bay. This River flows through a fertile 
country, abounding in tobacco, wheat, corn, hemp, coal, &;c. 



84 



GRAND ROUTES. 



SOUTH WESTERN ROUTE — ContinuecL 



GRAND ROUTES. 



Hu itsviile, 

Morj2:antpwn, [c] - 

Greenville, S. C. 

Cross Tu^aloo R. &: Georgia 

State Lii]e,toCaniesviIle,G. 
Athens, - - - 

Moiitieello, '^1 - 
Cross Flint River, to Gen'l 

Mcintosh's, - 
Cross Catahoochee River, to 

Coweta, [e] - 
Lewis, Old Fort Bainbridge, 
Poi]it Comfort, - 
New-Orieans as in S. West 

Route, No. 4, - 



" c ^ 5 
" ^ "* bt 


^1° 


87 


342 


83 


425 


82 


507 


61 


568 


65 


623 


48 


671 


51 


722 


52 


774 


32 


806 


31 


837 


335 


1172 



146 
205 
110 

100 
70 
68 



SOUTHERN ROUTE. 

From Washington to Charleston and Savan- 
nah, and thence to St, Augustine and Neid 
Smyrna. 



m S. 

r/] 



West 



Faveueville, as 

Route, No. 4 
Lumberton, 
South-Carolina State Line, 
Cross Litrie Pedee River, to 

Stage House, - 
Pedee River, 
Georgetoion, [g} - 





348 


33 


381 


20 


40] 


25 


426 


15 


441 


41 


482 



61 

94 
114 



150 



DESCRIPTIOX OF TOWNS, <S£C, 85 

[f j Morgantown, post-town and capital of Burke county, on 
ibe Catawba ; 205 VV Haleigh. It contains about 50 houses. 

[d] Monticello, post-town and capital Jasper county, Geor- 
gia : 35 N. W.Milled^eviHe, 1 10 W. Augusta, 178 iV. VV. Sa- 
vannah. Long. 83 47 W. Lat. 33 25 N. Population about 
800. It has a healthy and pleasant situation, and a fertile 
countiy, is a handsome and well built town, and contains a 
court-house, a Presbyterian and Methodist meeting-house, 
and an academy, which had in 1821, 4 teachers and 120 stu- 
dents., Indian springs, the most celebrated mineral waters in 
Georgia, are 16 W. Monticello. 

[e] Rises in the Appalachion Mountains, and running across 
N. W. part of Georgia, forms a part of the W. boundary of 
the State, dividing it from Alabama. In lat. 30, 45, N. it re- 
ceives Kent river, and takes the name of Appalachicola. 

[/] At this town, wl)ich has already been briefly described, 
the great Southern road forks, one bearing S. and by W. to Co- 
lumbia, &c. and the other about S. through Georgetown, Charles- 
ton, &;c. The country, after leaving Virginia, becomes nearly 
a dead level, with a light poor soil, which for hundreds of miles 
is covered with dwarfish pine trees. Here is nothing interest- 
ing to relieve the traveller's eye, or prevent his sleeping, if ia 
the mail stage, except the breaking of a stage wheel, or a rot- 
ten pine bridge, which is not unfrequent. The Southern road 
between Richmond and Charleston, crosses the following Riv- 
ers, wliich rise near the Alleghany range of Mountains, W, 
from the road, and enter the Atlantic Easterly from this, viz. 
the Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, and Cape Fear Rivers, in N. Caro- 
lina ; the L. Pedee, Great Pedee, Santee, and Cooper Rivers, in 
8. Carolina ; the Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha Rivers, ia 
Georgia. Savannah River is the boundary line between the 
two last mentioned States. 

[g] Georgetown is situated at the mouth of Sampit River, 
on VV'inhaw Ba)^ It is regularly laid out in very spacious 
streets, most of which are so little trod, that they appear mere 
grass plats or pastures. On the wharves there is the business 
and bustle of a comrreicial town. Considerable trade is here 
carried on with the upper country and witli Charleston. It con- 
tains a Court House, a Bank, an Academy, and 4 Churches, 
anti about 2000 inhabitant:?. 
8 



86 



GRAND ROUTES. 



SOUTHERN ROUTE — Continued. 



GRAND ROUTES. 


- ij 
it,' J. 


in 


si. 

'», o « 


Santee R. N. & S. Branches 


16 


498 




Charleston, 


46 


544 


121 


Cross Edisto River, to Jack- 








sonboro', 


?4 


578 




Pocotaligo, 


SO 


608 


187 


Savannah, 


64 


662 


189 


Riceborough, 


34 


696 




Darien, [h] 


29 


725 


165 


Altamaha River, - 


16 


741 




Buffalo River, 


17 


758 




Jefferson, 


30 


788 


218 


St. Mary's, [i] - 


2-1 


812 


242 


To St. Augustine, by water, 








Cumberland Sound, mouth 








of St. Mary's River, - 


5 


817 




Mouth of Nassau River, - 


18 


835 




Mouth of St. John's River, [j] 


9 


844 




St, Augustine^ [k] 


25 


869 




New- Smyrna, [/] 


50 


919 





SOUTH EASTERN ROUTE. 

From Washington to Port Tobacco, and 
thence to Point Lookout, 



Piscataway, 




18 


58 


Port Tobacco, [m] 


16 


34 


75 


Newport [/^] 


11 


45 




Leonardstown, [o] 


14 


59 


9n 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 87 

[A] Situated on a high sandy bluflf, on the N. Channel of the 
Altamaha, near its entrance into St. Simon's Sound, with a 
population of 1000. It has lately become flourishing, and ex- 
ertions are making to improve the navigation of the rivers in its 
vicinity. 

[i\ Camden county, Georgia, at the mouth of St. Mary's 
River, which divides Georgia from E. Florida. It was a place 
of some trade during the late war, but has since declined. The 
shipping amounted in 1816 to nearly lOOO tons. Population 771, 

\j] St. John's river, East Florida, which rises in a swamp ia 
the southern part, flows southerly, and runs into the Atlantic 
about 30 miles N. of Bt. Augustine, it is a large river, about 
3U0 miles long, spreads into broad bays and lakes, of which 
the largest is Lake George. It is navigable for vessels draw- 
ing about 10 feet, 150 miles to Lake George. It has a bar at its 
mouth, with about 10 feet of water, and liable to shift. 

[A;] City of E. Florida, on a bay of the Atlantic, 2 miles 
within the bar, opposite to the inlet, N. of St, Anastatia Island. 
It has a good port, but the bar at its entrance is not passable for 
vessels drawing more than 8 feet of water. The town is built 
on a peninsula of an oblong form, consisting of 4 principal 
streets, which intersect each other at right angles. The houses 
are mostly built of stone, 50o in number, many of them in a 
state of decay. It is defended by a fort built of stone, 20 feet 
high, with walls 12 feet thick, and mounting 36 guns. St. Au- 
gustine has a pleasant situation, with the advantage of refresh- 
ing sea breezes. This town was burnt by Sir F. Drake in 1386, 
by Captain Davis with the buccaniers in 1685, and again burnt 
by the English in 17()2. lu 18:^1 a treaty was signed, by which 
Florida was ceded to the United States. The population was 
formerly estimated at 5000, but is now reduced to less than 
SOOO. The surrounding country is low, but well adapted to the 
cultivation of fruits and plants of a Southern climate. 

[/] New-Smyrna, town. East Florida, inhabited by a colony 
of Greek and Minorquines, established by Doctor Turnbull, on 
a branch of the Musquito river, about lb miles above the capes 
of that river, 30 N. Cape Carnaveral. Lat. 28 N. 

[7h] There is very little to interest a person on this road, 
vi'liich runs down the Maryland side of tiie Potomac river, and 
occasionally in sight of it. Port Tobacco is a little old town 
on the decline. It is the seat of Justice for Charles county, 
situated on a creek four miles from the Potomac. 

[n] Newport, post-town, Charles county, Md.; 11 S. E. Port 
Tobacco. 

[o] The capital of St. Mary's county, on Brilton's Creek, five 
miles from the Potomac. It contains a few indifferent houses, 
with no probability of its increasing : Part of the place was 
burnt by the British in the late war. 



88 



GRAND ROUTES. 



SOUTH EASTERN ROUTE — Continued. 



GRAND ROUTES. 



St. Mary's River, [p] 
St. Inigoes, 
Rid«;e Tavern, - 
Point Lookout, [g] 



IPi 


^ i 1 
111 


9 


68 


6 


74 


7 


81 


5 


86 



.5 S'S. 
Q £.1 



105 

in 

116 



EASTERN ROUTE. 

From Washington to Annapolis^ and Dover^ 
Delaware, 



Patuxent River, 




20 




Annapolis, [r] 


12 


32 





Sharkstown, Kent Island, 


14 


46 


14 


Queenstown, 


8 


54 


22 


Centerville, [5] - 


6 


60 


28 


Tuckaho Greek, 


10 


70 


33 


Delaware State Line, 


6 


76 


44 


Dover, [t\ 


15 


91 






DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &€. 89 

\p] Here was made the first European settlement in the 
state of Maryland, and at the " City of St. Mary's the colony 
legislature first sat, and many of its first laws were dated there. 
The city, as laid out, extended ton miles. An old dilapidating 
Catiiolic church, and now and then a lonely farm-house, show 
where ' Troy might once have stood.' •' 

[q] Point Lookout is a ver}' narrow strip of land, in a bleak 
situation, at the junction of Potomac river and Chesapeake 
bay. Here a surf, almost equal to that of the ocean, rolls from 
this American Mediterranean, with broken murmers, against 
lliis lonely shore. 

[yj A city and capital of Maryland, situated on the S. W. 
bank of Severn river, two miles from its entrance into Chesa- 
peake bay. This city is not laid out with much regularity, and 
is on a very uneven surface. The capitol is an elegant high 
building, from the site of which there is a very extensive pros- 
pect of the Chesapeake with its islands and winding shores.-^ 
Population, from 2 to- 3,000. Considering its local advantages, 
Annapolis ;s a place of very little business. 

[s] Frotii Annapolis there is a ferry to Kent island, and 
from the island on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. I'his is 
a level country, with a light soil, but thick population. 

[/] The capital of Delaware State, on Jones Creek, seven 
miles from its entrance into Delaware Bay. Dover contairs 
1,000 itjIiabitaiUs. Here is a handsome state-honse, siandir.'j; 
on the square or green in the centre of the town, an academy, ;i 
bfink, and two houses of worsliip. 



f>^ 



90 



STATE ROADS. 



No. 1. 
The Roads of each State, ivhich lead to, and 
from, its principal cities and capitals, and 
the cross-roads leading in various direc- 
tions, 

MAINE. 



GRAND ROUTES. 




"3 S ^ 


•lii 
=11 




iH' 


^1^ 


lU 


From Portlandto Brunswick, 


27 




581 


Cross Androscoggin River to 








Topsham and Bowdoin- 








town, [ii] 


13 


40 


590 


Hallowell, [y] - 


16 


55 


610 


Augusta, [iv' 


3 


58 


613 


Cross Kennebec R. to Harlem 


12 


70 


623 


Belmont, 


25 


95 


651 


Belfest, [x] 


7 


102 


651 



No. 2. 

Fro77i Portland to Bangor, and thence to 
Grand Lake, head of St. Croix River, 

Ws 

624 
645 
666 
678 
695 
701 



Augusta, as in No. 1, 
Vassalboro', [y] - 
Fairfax, - - - 

Unity, - - - 

Dixmont, 

Hampden, [^] - - 

Bangor, [fr] - 
Cross Penobscot River, to 
Eddington, [a] 





58 


12 


70 


10 


80 


7 


87 


12 


99 


17 


116 


6 


122 


7 


129 



708 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 91 

[u] Androscoggin river takes its rise in Umbagog lake, N. H. 
in which state it has a course of about forty miles, then after 
a course in the S. W. part of Maine, of 100 miles, it flows into 
the Kennebeck, eighteen miles from the sea — six miles froai 
Bath. 

[r] Hallowell is situated on Kennebeck river, forty-three 
miles from its mouth. The principal village of Hallowell is 
situated on a basin, the west side of the river, v.-here are ten 
wharves. It has a considerable extensive commerce : the ex- 
ports consist of beef, pork, pot and pearl ashes, corn, wheat, 
rye, oats, butter, hay, lumber, fish. The village is built most- 
ly on three streets, two of which are parallel with the river, and 
contains two houses of worship, two printing-offices, and near- 
ly two thousand inhabitants. Besides the principal village, 
there are two other small ones within the township. 

[w\ Capital of Kennebeck county, Maine, on west bank of 
Kennebeck river, ('across which, at this place, there is an excel- 
lent bridge,) a pleasant small town, with some trade ; the river 
is navigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons, 

[x] Hancock co. Maine. Population in 1820, 2,026. It is 
delightfully situated on Belfast bay, at the mouth of a small ri- 
ver of the same name, ^.nd at the N. W. part of Penobscot 
bay. It has a good harbour, and great maritime advantages, 
and is a flourishing town. It has an academy and a printing office. 

[j/] Kennebeck county, on E. side of Kennebec river. This 
is a large agricultural town, containing between two and 
3,000 inhabitants. 

[s] A pleasantly situated tfiwn on the west bank of the Pe- 
nobscot, and contains an academy and theological seminary, 
called the Maine Charity School, intended for the education of 
poor pious young men for the ministry. 

[6^] The capital of Penobscot county, Maine, at the head of 
the tide and navigation, on west side of Peni.bsrot river. It 
contains a court-house, bank, athanaeum, and printing-office.— 
This is a pleasantly situated, and very flourishing town favour- 
ably located for commerce. The river is navigable for vessels 
of 3 to 400 tons, to the town. 

[a] This is the largest river in the state of Maine: it rises in 
the western part ©f the state, and flows E. by S. till it unites 
with the eastern branch, fifty-four miles in a right line N. by E. 
Bangor. After the junction, it holds a general course, S. by W. 
till it flows into the head of Penobscot bay. The towns on the 
west side of the river, beginning at the head of navigation, 
are, Bangor, Hampden, Frankfort, Prospect, Belfast, Northport, 
Lincolnville, Camden, and I'homastown ; on the east side, 
Brewer, Orington, Bucksport, Orland, Penobscot, Castine, Sedg- 
wick, and Deer Isle. Penobscot Bay enters between the Isle of 
Holt and Owls' Head; it is eighteen miles wide, and in length, 
from north to south, about thirty. 



92 STATE ROADS. 








MAINE — Continued. 


GRAND ROUTES. 


mi 


i S 

ill 


•ill 


Pasandunky Creek, 
Grand Lake, 


32 
50 


161 
211 


740 
790 



No. 3. 

J/om Portland to Norridgeivock, and thence 
to Quebec. 



Auo^usta, as before, 
Sidney, [6] 
Waterville [c] - 
Fairfield, [ti] 
Bloomfield, [e] - 
Norridgewock, [f] 
Anson, [«"] 

Dead R. Bingham's purchase 
Forks of Kennebec R. [A] 
Moose River, 
Chaudiere River, 
Qu^:l3EC, 



58 


58 


12 


70 


5 


75 


4 


79 


7 


86 


5 


91 


11 


102 


20 


122 


115 


137 


24 


161 


37 


198 


60 


258 



No. 4. 

Fro7n Portland to Farmington and New- 
Portland, 



Augusta, as before, 
Read field. 
Mount Vernon, [i] 
Vienna, 



58 


68 


7 


65 


5 


70 


7 


77 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 9S 

[b] Sidney, post-town, Kennebec county, Maine, on the 
Kenneber, opposite to Vassalborough ; 8 N. Augusta. Topu- 
lation, 1,890. 

[c] Kennebec county, Maine, on the \V. sirle of the Kennebec, 
handsomely situated at the head of boat navigation, opposite 
.reconic Falls, which display a beautiful cascade. This towu 
is a fine situation for mill seats, being intersected by se- 
veral streams ; it has considerable trade, and well situated for 
ship building. The Maine Literary and Theological Institu- 
tion, under Oie superintendence of the Baptist denondnation, 
is located at this place. — Population, from one to two thou- 
sand. 

[d] Post-town, Somerset county, Maine, on the Kennebec ; 
9 miles S. Norridgewock, 196 miles N. N. E. Boston. Popula- 
tion, 1,609. 

[e] Post town, Somerset county, Maine, on W side of Ken- 
nebec, opposite Canaan ; 5 E. Norridgewock. Population, 
889. It is a considerable town, and contains an academy. — 
Here is a bridge across the Kennebec. 

[/] Pleasantly situated on both sides of the Kennebec river, 
over which, at this place, is an excellent bridge. It is the capi- 
tal of Somerset county, and is a place of considerable trade, 
with nearly 1,000 inhabitants. 

[g] Anson, post-town, Somerset county, Maine, on W. side 
of the Kennebec ; 12 N. W. Norridgewock, 206 NNE. Boston. 
Population, in 1810, 633— in 1820, 948. 

[/tj Kennebec river has its rise on the confines of Canada. — 
It has two principal branches — the eastern and western : the 
former rises from Moosehead Lake, and the latter called Dead 
River, interlocks with the sources of the Chaudiere. The two 
branches unite about twenty miles below Moosehead Lake, and 
the river afterwards pursues a southerly course, and flows into 
the Atlantic between Phipsburg and Georgetown. It is joined 
by the Androscoggin eighteen miles from the sea. There are se- 
veral falls on this river, and several bridges across it. The river 
flows through a very fertile tract of country : the principal towns 
on the river are. Bath, Gardiner, Hallowell, Augusta, Water- 
ville, Bloomfield, and Norridgewock. 

[i] Mount Vernon, post-town, Kennebec county, Maine ; 1$ 
N. W. Augusta, 170 N. N. E. Boston. Population 1,293. 



94 



STATE ROADS. 



MAINE — Continu 


ed. 


GFxAND ROUTES. 


pi-t 




.-5 


Chesterville, 
Fannitigton, [j] - 
Industry, f/t] 
New-Portland, [/] 


5 
10 

8 
11 


82 

92 

100 

111 




No. 5. 

From Portland to Paris, 


Gray, [m] 
Paris, [n] 


26 


16 

42 





No. 6. 

Jlom Portland to Watcrford, and thence to 
Androscoggin River. 



Windham, [o] 


11 


11 


568 


Raymond, [p] 


13 


24 


576 


Bridgetown, [q\ - 


11 


35 


689 


Waterford, [»"] - 


11 


46 


580 


Albany, - - - 


6 


52 




Androscoggin River, 


7 


59 





DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SlC, 9b 

ij] Post-town, Kennebec county, Maine, 29 miles N, N. VV. 
Augusta, 200 N. N. E. Boston. Population 1,938. It is a va- 
luable agricultural town, and contains an academy. 

U-] Post-town, Someiset county, Maine, 13 W. Norridge- 
vock. Population, 796. 

[I] New-Poi tland, town, Somerset co. Maine ; 22 N. W. Nor. 
ridgcwock. — Population, 421. 

[m] Post-town, (Cumberland county, Maine ; IR N. Portland, 
130 N. N. E. Boston. Population, 1,479. Here is a woollen 
manufactory. 

[n] Paris, post-town, and capital, Oxford county, Maine ; 48 
N. N. W. Portland, 160 N.N. E. Boston. Population, 1,844. 
It contains a court-house, a jail, 2 houses of public worship, 1 
for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. 

[o] Post-town, Cumberland county, Maine ; 16 N. W.Port- 
land, 130 N. N. E. Boston. Population, 1,793. 

f;)] Raymond, post-town, Cumberland county, Maine ; 24 
N. N. W. of Portland, HO N. N. E. of Boston.— Population, 
1,3CR. 

[q] Post-town, Cumberland counts, Maine ; 39 N, W. Port- 
land, 130 N. N. E. Boston. Population in 1810,832 ; in 1820, 
1,160. Here is an academy. 

[|j Post-town, Oxford count}-, Maine.; 12 S. \V. Paris.-* 
Population, 1,035. 



\)6 



STATE ROADS. 



MAINE — Continued. 



No. 7. 

From Portland to Fryebiirg, and thence to 
Lancaster^ New- Hampshire. 



GRAND ROUTES. 


Particular 
distance 
frorri Wash- 
ington 


IP 


Distmre 
from State 
Capitals. 


ill 


Gorham, 


11 


11 


564 


S. Stand ish, 


7 


18 


18 


571 


Standish, - 


6 


24 


24 




Hiram, 


16 


40 


40 


581 


Frjeburg, [w] 
Portsmouth, N. H. road 


12 


62 


52 


563 


to Notch ill White 










Mountains, [z;] - 


26 


84 


45 


500 


Lancaster, - 


24 


108 




651 



No. 8. 
From Portland to Boston by Doughty^ s Falls. 



Saco, 


16 


16 


16 


639 


Doughty's Falls, 


25 


41 


41 


525 


Berwick, [w] 


6 


47 


46 


519 


Dover, H. Hamp. [.r] 


6 


53 


40 


513 


Durham, [y\ 


6 


59 


40 


507 


New-Market, 


4 


63 


34 


499 


Exeter, [zj - 


8 


71 


39 


490 


Boston, 


50 


121 


89 


492 



DESCRIPTION OF TdWXS, ^C, Dv 



[«] FryebuFg, Oxford county, Maine, on the Saco. This is 
a handsome, pleasantly situated village ; in its vicinity are made 
iarge quantities of sugar from the maple tree. — Here is a re- 
spectable academy. — Population rising 1000. 

[v] The White xMountains are the highest points of land la 
New-England, and at first view, present no opening by vvliich 
the traveller can gain the opposite side ; but, by some extraor- 
dinary effort of nature, a passage has been forced, forming a 
communication between the opposite sides of the mountain, 
which the art of man could hardly have accomplished. The 
^art of the passage which appears to have been forcibly sun- 
dered, is about a quarter of a mile long, and a part of that dis- 
tance is only just wide enough for a road, and a -Email brook 
which runs by its side. This passage was well known to tlie 
Indians, who used to convey their captives through it to Ca- 
nada; bit it was discovered to the whites by two settlers whib 
hunting, who were rewarded with a large tract of land by the 
Stale of New-Hampshire. The roads, in the vicinity of the 
mountains, as might be expected, are rough, hilly, and some- 
times dangerous. i 

The roads in Maine, generally speaking, are remarkably 
good, considering how recently many parts of the slate "havs 
been settled. 

[iv] Yoik county, Maine, on the east side of Salmon Fall 
River. There is a considerable village in the vicinity of Ber- 
wick, at a landing near the falls in the river. Both together 
containeo between 4 and 5,000 inhabitants, but they were divid- 
ed in 1814. Berwick is a pleasantly situated town of consider- 
able business. 

[x] The village of Dover is situated at the head of Cochecho, 
and contains a court-house, bank, printing-office, and 2 houses 
of public worship. It has several mills and manufactories. — 
Population, 2,300. 

\v] Situated on N. W. side of Great Bay, Strafford county, 
jNew-Hampshire. The chief thing in this town remarkable, is 
a rock weighing 60 or 70 tons, lying so exactly piJised on 
another rock, as to beeasdy moved with one hand. This town 
contains about 1500 inhabitants. 

[z] Pleasantly situated at the head of tide water, on Exeter 
River, New-Hampshire. This is one of the most important 
towns in the state ; its manufactures are extensive, con>prising 
woollen, cotton, paper, small arras, and various other manufac- 
tories and mills. T-he town is n-'ost noted fei its academy, found- 
ed l)y the Hon. John Phillips, in 1781. — It is a very flourishing' 
and well endowed institution, with a handsome library and 
philosophical apparatus. The building is76 feet by ?6 ; fn the 
dej artment of langu^g^:s, students are prepared for college. A 
course of theological instruction is given to the several classes*. 
9 



98 



STATE ROADS. 



Cross Roads in the State of Maine. 



No. 9. 
Fro7n Machias to Calais. 



TOWNS, &c. 



Alexandria, [a^ 

Milton, 

Calais, 






30 
38 
44 



No. 10. 
From Castine to Alexandria. 



Blue Hill, 


- 


_ 




10 


Surry, [6] - 


- 


- 


10 


20 


Elsworth, 


- 


- 


4 


24 


Mariaville, 


- 


- 


18 


42 


Alexandria, - 


- 


- 


QS 


105 



No. 11. 
From Wlscasset to Augusta. 



Pittston, 
Aifgusta, 



21 

29 



No. 12. 

From York to Fryehurg. 



ScUidford, 

Alfred, 

Parsonfield, 

Porter, 

Fryeburg, 





20 


6 


26 


19 


45 


12 


57 


14 


71 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, fcc. 91/ 

[a] Alexandria, Washingtoa county, Maine 3 30 north of 
Machias. 

[b] Post-town, Hancock county, Maine ; 18 N. E, Castine, 
.2.37 N. E. Boston. PoDulation, 428. 



100 



STATS ROADS. 



M Ai N E — Continued. 



No. la 
From Parsonfield to Portsmouth^ N. H, 



TOWNS, fcc. 




III 


New field, 

Sh'cipleigh, - - - 

South Shciplcigb, 

Doughty, - - - 

iJerwick, - - - 

•South Berwick, 

Portsmouth, - 


3 
6 

16 
6 
3 

12 


5 
8 

14 
30 
36 
39 
51 



ROADS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 

No. 1. 
JProOT Portsmouth to the White Mountains, 
and Lancaster, on Connecticut River. 



Piscataqua Bridge, 


[^] 


7 


7 


Dover, 




5 


12 


Norway Plain, [^' 


- 


II 


23 


Mikon, 


- 


11 


34 


Loneweirs Pond, 


•a •• 


6 


40 


Ossipee Church, 


- 


11 


61 


Ossipee Lake, [e] 


- 


8 


59 


Head of Six Mile : 


Pond, 


8 


67 


Swift River, - 


- 


7 


74 


Along Saco River to the Gap of 






Wliitc Mountains 


) ■ 


27 


101 


Whipple Dale, 




17 


118 


Lancaster. [/] 


- 


7 


125 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SzC. 101 

\c] Piscataqua River, New-Hampshire, rises in Wakefield, 
separating Maine from N. Hampshire, during a S. S. E. course 
of about 40 miles, and flows into the Atlantic below Ports- 
mouth. The tributary waters of Piscataqua, open a naviga- 
tion to S. Berwick, Dover, New-Mfvrket, Durham, and Exeter. 
The harbour formed by the mouth of this river, is one of the 
best on the Atlantic coast. 

\_d] Situated near the centre of the town of Stratford, New- 
Hampshire, on the W. side of Salmon Fall River, containing a 
court-house, cotton factory, and about 50 dwelling houses. 

[e] Ossipee Lake, in New-Hampshire, is., chiefly remarkable 
on account of the handsome scenery it presents. It is 1,000 rods 
long from N to S. and 600 broad. 

[/] The capital of Coos county, New-Hauipshire, on the Con- 
mcticut, opposite Guildhall, with which it is connected by a 
bridge ; the village is pleasantly situated, about a mile from 
the Connecticut, on Israel's River. — It contains an academy, 
and court-house, and church. 



102 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-HAMP s HIRE — Continued, 



No. 2. 
From Concord [g] to Boston. 



TOWNS, &C. 


■if 

M 

16 
16 

4 


m 
IP 


Londonderry, - . - 
Andover, [A] - 

Medford, . . - 
Boston, . . - 


26 

42 
58 
62 



No. 3. 
From Portsmouth to Lake Winnipiseogee, 



TOWNS, &a 


Is 






£••1 




s| 


m 


sti 


PI 


Norway Plain, as in 










No. 1, - 




23 


50 


517 


Dock, 


8 


31 






Merry meeting Bay, - 


9 


40 






Through the Bay, 


5 


45 






Throu2;h the Lake to 










Centre Harbour, [i] 


16 61 







No. 4. 
From Portsmouth to Haverill Corner^ 
thence to Montreal 



and 



Piscataqua Bridge, 

Durham, 

Northwood, 



I 1 

3 10 

i^ 25 



34 501 

21 514 



BE8CRIPTI0N OP TOWNS, &LC, 103 

[g-] Capital of New-Hampshire, situated on both sides of the 
Merrimac River, in latitude 43 12, containing between 2 and 
3,000 inhabitants. The town is delightfully situated, the hous- 
es extending along the road or street, nefiriy two miles. The 
State-house is an elegant building, and finely situated ; there 
are also a court house, 2 churches, 2 banks, and 3 printing 
offices. The business and prospeiity of this town are much 
promoted by means of a canal, which connects ii with Boston, 
called the Middlesex canal, making an inland water communi- 
cation of 62 miles. 

[h] Is a town of some note in New-England, situated on the 
S. E. side of the Merrimac, it consists ol 2 parishes, and con- 
tains 2 academies, one called the Fianklin, and the other Phil- 
lips' Academy ; and also, the Theological Seminary, or Ando- 
ver Institution, well endowed and pleasantly situated. Popula- 
tion, between 3 and 4,000 

lii Winnjpiseogee Lake, in Sti-afford county, New-Hamp- 
shire ; is 20 miles long, and 14 broad where widest ; of a very 
irregular form, containing a number of islands. 

The vicinity of Winnipiseogee Lake, and of the White Moun- 
tains, in New-Hampshire, is said to present scenery the most 
grand and beauiiful. From the summit of the mountain may 
be had a delightful view of the adjacent country many miles: 
the Winnipiseogee Lake appears just at its base, and the ocean 
may be seen 65 miles distant from the nearest point oi the shore. 
But the most desirable view is that which the weather-beaten 
sailor takes on his home bound voyage, when the practised 
eye alone can distinguish its looming summit from the contiguc 
ous clouds. 



It)4 STATE ROADS. 








NEW-HAMPSHIRE 


— Continued, 


TOWNS, &C. 


Ji 


111 


Sen * 


i C H 

£S3 




e!5 


SSI 


""^Q 


IH 


Beuly Pond, 


12 


37 






Gilmanton, [j] 


10 


47 


19 


623 


Meredith Bridge, 


10 


67^ 






Squam River, 


14 


71 






Gross Merrimac River 










to Plymouth, 


5 


76 


44 


539 


Gross Baker's River, 


13 


89 






Akin's Bridge, 


2 


91 






Eastman's Pond, 


9 


100 






Haverill Comer, \k'] 


7 


107 


76 522 


Gross Connecticut R. to 








Newbury, Vt. [t - 


3 


110 


34 


619 


Wells River, 


5 


116 






Rye Gate, - 


5 


120 


28 


524 


Peach urn, [m] 


8 


128 


27 


632 


Joe's Pond, 


6 


134 






Greensburg, 


12 


146 


46 


652 


Grafts burg. 


8 


164 


63 


560 


Albany, 


4 


158 


67 


564 


Kelly Vale, 


8 


166 


66 


668 


Missisque River, 


15 


181 






Canada Line, 


8 


189 






St. Amana, - 


5 194 






End of Proposed Turn- 








pike, 


10 204 






St. John's, by the Turn- 








pike, 


17 '221 






Montreal, - 


22 


243 1 







DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (SzC. ICl/ 

rj] Siraftard county, New-Hampshire, a large township. — 
Gilmaiiton, including Gillbrd, has a population of between 4 
and 5,000, and contains 5 houses of worship, a cotton and nait' 
manufactory, and a respectable academy. The court of com- 
mon pleas, for the county of Strafford, is held alternately at 
Gihnanton and Rochester, and the superior court at Dove-r. 

[k] Grafton county, New-Hampshire, on the Connecticut, 
opposite Newbury, with which it is connected by a bridge. The 
courts for the county are held alternately here and at Plymouth* 
It is a pleasant village of considerable business, and contains a 
court-house, academy, and about CO dwelling houses. 

[/] Connecticut river, tlie niost noted in New-England, rises 
on the north border of New- Hampshire, and separates New- 
Hampshire from Vermont; it then passes through Massaciiu- 
eetta und Connecticut, into Long Island Bound, lU. whola 
length is 410 miles. It is nav'igablo for vessels drawing 8 feet 
of water, to Hitrlford, and by means of canals, it has beeti 
made tiavigable for boat* 250 miles above Hartford, to Bath, 
New Hi*m|;6hire. There are several falls on this river, the most 
remarkable ol which is Bellows Falls. It fld-ws through a lux- 
uriant fertile country, and on its banks are a greater num- 
be;- of hanfit>ome flourishing towns and villages than can be 
fourid on any other river in the United State3. 
■ [m] A valuable agricultural town, wi:h a small village con- 
taining an academy and congregatioual church. 



106 



STATE ROADS. 



N E w-H A M p s H I R E — Continued, 



No. 5, 

From Portsmouth to ^oncord, and thence to 

3Ion tpelie r, Vermont. 



TOWNS, &C. 


ll 


in 

ill 


III 


Ji.f 

J2> 


Piscataqua Bridge, - 


7 


7 






Durham, 


3 


10 


40 


507 


North wood, 


16 


25 


21 


614 


Suncock Pond, 


3 


28 


15 




Suncock River, 


5 


33 


10 




Federal Bridge, 


9 


42 


1 




Concord, - 


1 


43 




505 


Long Pond, 


3 


46 






Contoocook River, - 


4 


60 






Canterbury Bridge, - 


3 


53 






Salisbury, - 


6 


69 


16 


521 


Shaker's Settlement, 


26 


85 






Mascomey Pond, 


3 


88 






Dartmouth College, [ii] 


8 


96 


63 


495 


Cross Connecticut river 










to Norwich, 


1 


97 


45 


494 


Strafford, - 


12 


109 


32 


495 


Chelsea, 


9 


118 


23 


505 


Washington, 


9 


127 


14 


514 


Bar re. 


6 


133 


8 


622 


MONTPELIER, 


8 


141 




567 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 107 

[n] Dartmouth College was founded in 1769. The institution 
consists of two handsome buildings — one called College Hall, 
150 by 50 feet, three stories high : the other, styled Medical 
Hall, a brick edifice of three stories, with a laboratory, a room 
for the anatomical museum, two lecture rooms, and several 
other rooms for medical students, besides a chapel and dining 
hall. — The library contains about 4,000 volumes. The usual 
number of under-graduates has been lor several years past, 
about 150. , 

The college is situated in the town of Hanover, a pleasant 
and healthy village, on E. side of Connecticut river, containing 
about 60 houses. 



lOf 



STATE ROAD; 



NEW-HAMPSHIRE — Continued, 

No. 6. 

From ■Portsmouth to Albanij^ by Bennington, 
Vermont, 



TOWNS, "S^c. 



Exeter, 
Chester, 
Londonderry, 
Merrimac River, 
Amherst, [o] 
Peterboro' - 
Jaffry, [p] - 
TVlarlboroiio:h,yer't. ■ 
Cross Connecticut R. to 

Brattleborough, [ry] 
Marlborough, 
Washington, 
Readsborough, 
Bennin";ton, Vt 



Pittston, 



['] 



Lansingburg, [5] 

Troy, 

Albany, 



14 

16 

5 

9 

10 

18 

7 

9 

11 
9 
6 

6 



14 
30 

35 
44 
54 
72 
79 
88 

99 
108 
,114 
120 
135 



18 \bS 
10 163 

4 167 

5 172 



t «j »■• 



39 

23 
29 

45 

69 

76 

120 

111 



a c S 



490 

484 

484 
464 
455 
446 






29 


421 


19 


i09 


9 


388 


5 


379 





374 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <SiC. 109 



[o] Afiiherst, New-Hampshire, is an agreeable village, built 
on a handsome plain, containing a church and printing office. — 
The Southegan flows through the southern part of the town, 
affording seats for a number of mills and manufactories. Popu- 
lation, nearly 2,000. 

[p] Cheshire county, New-Hampshire, lies on tlie S. side of 
the Grand Monadnock Mountain, in the vicinity of which is a 
mineral spring, and where have been discovered black lead, 
copperas, alum, and sulphur. 

The mountain is 3,254 feet above the level of the sea ; the 
diameter of its base is 5 miles from N. to S. and 3 from E. to 
W. It may be seen in a circuit of 60 miles distance. Its top 
consists of a bare rock. 

[^j Brattleborough, Vermont, is a flourishing town of consid- 
erable trade; it contains two parishes, in each of which there 
is a village. The principal village is In East Parish, on the 
Connecticut, over which there is a bridge at this place. Print- 
ing is here carried on extensiveiy, particularly that of the Scrip- 
tures, Two weekly newspapers are likewise printed here. 

[r] Another pleasant town of Vermont, situated in a fertile 
country, on the borders of New-York State. It contains two 
furnaces, 2 cotton, and 2 woollen manufactories, besides 1 of 
■ochre, 2 paper-mills, an academy, and a valuable quarry of 
marble. A cave on Mount Anthony, in tliis town, is a curiosity 
containing many beautiful petrifactions. — Two battles were 
fought here on the 16th of August, 1777, when a signal victory 
was gained over the British by General Stark, at the head of 
300 American militia. 

[si A large flourishing village, containing a bank, an acade- 
my, a printing-office, and 4 houses of public worship. The 
town is built principally on one street, which extends so far as 
almost to appear connected with Troy, three miles distant, there 
being a continuation of houses most of the way between the 
two places. Troy, Lansingburg, and Walerford, will probably 
in a tew years, make but one town or city. 



10 



110 



STATE ROADS. 



Cross Roads in Neio- Hampshire, 

No. 7. 
From Dunstable to Concord^ and thence to 
Lancaster and the Falls of Connecticut 
River, 



TOWNS, 


&c. 




-0^ 






ia 


3|3 


Moore's Falls, 


. - 


9 


Goff's Falls, - 


- 


■4 


13 


Amoscong's Falls, 


- 


3 


16 


Isle Hookset Falls, 


- 


8 


2i 


Concord, 


- 


8 


32 


Boscawen, [f] 


- 


9 


41 


Webster's Falls, 


. 


9 


60 


New-Chester, 


- 


6 


66 


Bridgevvater, - 


- 


6 


61 


Plymouth, 


- 


13 


74 


Franconia, 


- 


29 


103 


Lancaster, 


- 


22 


126 


Falls of Connectic 


ut River, 


37 


162 



No. 8 
From Concord to Fryeburg, Maine. 



Winnipiseogee Bi 


ridge. 


- 


. 


\1 


Union Bridge, 


- 


- 


4 


21 


Guilford, 


- 


- 


7 


2^ 


Centre Harbour, 


- 


- 


13 


41 


Six Mile Pond, 


- 


- 


24 


6^ 


Conway, 


- 


- 


11 


76 


Fryeburg, 


- 


- 


5 


81 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. ill 

[t] Post-town, Hillsborough county, New-Hampshire, on W. 
side of the Merrimack, opposite Canterbury, with which it is 
connected by a bridge ; 9 N. Concord, 56 N. W. Portsmouth, 
W. 514. Population, 2,113. It contains 2 parishes, in each of 
which there is a congregational meeting-house. 



112 



STATE ROADS, 



NEW-HAMPSHIRE — Continued » 

No. 9. 
From Concord to Charlesioivn, 



TOWNS, &C. 




li 








Cq 


cj 


Hopkinton, [ii] 


- 




7 


Heniiiker, 


- 


9 


16 


Hillsborough, - 


- 


8 


24 


Washington, - 


- 


9 


33 


Leominster, - 


- 


7 


40 


Charlestown, [v"] 


- 


13 


53 



VERMONT. 

The principal roads in Vermont having been 
described in connection tvith those of New- 
Hampshire and Maine, the folloiving only 
are added. 

No. 1. 
From Montpelier to De rby an d Hillbourn'' s* 



Calais, 


- 


- 




12 


Hardwick, 


- 


- 


12 


24 


Greensborough, 


- 


- 


6 


29 


Glover, 


- 


- 


11 


40 


Brownington, - 


. 


- 


15 


55 


Derby, \iv 


- 


- 


9 


64 


Hillbourns, 


- 


- 


4 


6B 





No. 2. 
From Windsor to Montpelier. 



From Windsor to Hartland, [a] 
Woodstock, [?/] 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, ilC, 113 

[w] Hillsborough county, New-Hampshire, a handsome town, 
consisting of a coiut-house, meeting-house, and about 50 dwel- 
ling houses, and a number of stores. The courts are held alter' 
nafely here and at Amhurst. Farming is the principal business 
of the inhabitants. 

[y] An agreeable village, situated about a half a mile from 
the Connecticut river, over which thtre is a bridge at this place. 
The courts of the county are held alternately here and at 
Keene. 

[tv] Orleans county, Vermont, on the E. side of Lake Mem- 
phremagog, which belongs principally to Canada, and the rest 
to Vermont. It is 35 miles long, and 3 broad. It communicates 
with the St. Lawrence by the river St. Francis, and receives the 
waters of Black, Barton, and Clyde rivers., 

[x] Windsor, one of the largest towns in the State of Ver- 
mont, handsomely situated on W. bank of the Connecticut. — 
It is a place of considerable trade, and contains an academy, 
a court-house, state's prison, and 3 houses of worship. Popu- 
lation about 3,000. 

[^] Windsor county, Vermont, a handsome village, situated 
on the Waterqueecl)y, containing a court-house, and between 
2 and 300 inhabitants, — It has some tra^e. 



114 



STATE ROADS, 



VERMONT — Continued, 



TOWNS, 


&c. 




-^1 
•II 




Barnard 


_ 


^ 


8 


21 


Royalton, 

Randolph, 

Brookfield, 


- 


- 


8 
9 
6 


29 
38 
44 


Williamstown, [z] 


^ 


- 


8 


62 


MONTPELIER, [a] 


- 


- 


12 


64 



No. 3. 
From Montpelier to St. Albans ^ Highgate. 



Worcester, 


- 


- 




10 


Elmore, 


- 


- 


9 


19 


Johnson, 


- 


— 


16 


So 


St. Albans, [6] 


- 


- 


28 


m 


Highgate, 


- 


- 


11 


74 



No. 4. 
From Montpelier to Burlington. 



Waterbury, 


- 


- 




12 


Bolton, 


- 


- 


6 


18 


Williston, 


- 


- 


8 


26 


Burlington, - 


- 


- 


12 


38 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

No. 1. 

From Boston to Marblehead, by Salem, 



Salem, 
Marblehead, [c] 



3 



15 
18 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 115 

[s] Containing between 1 and 2,000 inhabitants. At this 
place is a pond from which issues two streams, the one running 
northerly, communicates by means of Union river, with Lake 
Champlain ; the other, flowing south, communicates by means 
of White river, with the Connecticut. 

[aj Montpelier is 38 miles from the direct road to Montreal, 
on the north side of Union river, and nearly in the centre of 
the state. It is the capital of the state of Vermont, but is an 
inconsiderable village. The situation is in a valley, surround- 
ed by hills, in a rich picturesque country. The township con- 
tains 2,000 inhabitants. Here is a state-house of wood, which 
is also used as a 'ouit house, 

[b] Situated in the N. W. corner of Vermont, on Lake 
Champlain; it is a pleasant village, with about 2,000 inhabi- 
tants. Its trade is considerable, increased by the opening of 
the grand canal, by which produce has beei. sent from this place 
down to New- York city, about 400 miles distance. 

[c] Marblehead, in Essex county, Massachusetts, a large, 
though not handsome town, containing about 6,000 inhabitants. 
Its public buildings are a bank, a custom-house, market-house, 
alms-house, an academy, and 5 houses of public worship. It 
has an excellent harbour, which lies in front of the town, a 
mile in length, and half a mile in width; it may be entered at 
all seasons. It is defended by Fort Sewell, which stands on a 
point near the entrance of the harbour, and is considered a very 
fine fortification, having 2 pieces mounted of 24, and ten 18 
pounders. About 60 or 70 men are usually stationed here. 

The business of this town consists mostly in coast and bank 
fisheries, giving employment to nearly 800 men. The total 
amount of shipping belonging to this port, is 12,300 tons. 



IIG 



STATE ROADS, 



MASSACHUSETTS — Continued. 



No. 2. 
Fro7n Boston to Portland, by Doughty^ Falls, 



TOWNS, 


&c. 




11 

0. Ci 


2 o 


Medford, {dl - 


_ 


. 




7 


Reading, 


- 


- 


7 


14 


And over. 


- 


- 


Hi 


22 


Haverhill, 


- 


- 


9 


31 


Plastow, N. Hamp 


shire. 


- 


7 


38 


Kingston, 


- 


- 


6 


44 


Exeter, 


- 


- 


6 


50 


New-Market, - 


- 


- 


8 


58 


Durham, 


- 


- 


4 


62 


Dover, 


- 


- 


6 


68 


Berwick, 


- 


- 


6 


74 


Doughty's Falls, 


- 


- 


6 


80 


Saco, 


- 


- 


25 


105 


Portland, 


-» 


- 


16 


121 



No. a 

From Boston to Montreal, by Bellow^ s Falls 
and Vergennes, 



West Cambridge, 


- 


- 




6 


Lexington, [e] 


- 


- 


4 


10 


Lincoln, 


- 


- 


5 


15 


Concord, [/] - 


- 


- 


2 


17 


Littleton, 


- 


- 


10 


27 


Groton, 


- 


- 


7 


34 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 117 

\d] A pleasant town on Mystic river, containing a popula- 
tion of between 1 and 2,000. It is a place of considerable bu- 
siness in ship-building, distilling, and in manufactures of brick, 
leather, &c. The river is navigable for vessels of considerable 
size to this place, where it meets the Middlesex Canal. 

[ej This town is remarkable as being the place where hostili- 
ties commenced between Great Britain and America. A stone 
monument is erected in memory of the brave men who fell in 
that battle, which took place April 19, 1775. 

[/] In Middlesex county, on Concord river, over v»>-hich there 
is three bridges at this place. The courts are held alternately 
here and at Cambridge. Population about 1,700. Here the 
first blood was spilt in the revolutionary contest. 1'he Provin- 
cial Congress met in this town in 1774. 



118 



STATE ROADS. 



MASSACHUSETTS — Continued. 











TOWNS, &C. 




Is 
■S5 


W 






Cl'q 




Cross Merrimac River, 


„ 


3 


37 


Town send, 


- 


6 


43 


New Hampshire State Line, 


- 


6 


49 


New Ipswich, 


- 


6 


55 


Jaffry, 


- 


11 


66 


Keene, 


- 


12 


78 


Walpole, 


- 


11 


89 


Cross Connecticut River at 


Bel- 






low's Falls, 


- 


1 


90 


Rockingham, Vermont, 


. 


6 


96 


Chester, 


- 


9 


105 


Cavendish, 


- 


7 


112 


Shrewsbury, - 


- 


19 


131 


Rutland, 


- 


9 


140 


Basin Harbour, opposite N. W. Bay 


50 


190 


Montreal, - 




112 


302 



No. 4 
From Bosto7i to Gloucester, 



Salem, as in No. 1 
Beverly, 
Manchester, - 
Gloucester, 



No. 5. 
From Boston to Montreal by Stages ^ Steam- 
boats. 



Charlestown, [g~\ - - I 

Cross Middlesex Canal to Medford,| 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 119 

O ■ ■ i - ■ . . ' ' ■■■■ 

[g] Charlesfown, Middlesex county, Massachusetts, is one 
mile from the centre of Boston, to which it is connected by an 
excellent bridge across Charles river. This town is the largest in 
the county, and enjoys a pretty extensive trade ; it contains the 
state's prison, an insane hospital, an United States' navy-yard, 
an alms-house, a market-house, over which there is a spacious 
town-hall, and 5 houses of worship. There are 4 bridges con- 
nected with Charlestown, the above mentioned connecting it 
with Boston ; 2 across Mystic river, one leading to Chelsea, and 
the other to Maiden, and one which unites with Craggie's bridge, 
leading from Boston to Cambridge. The memorable battle of 
Bunker's Hill, was fought on the heights of this town, June 17, 
1775. 



[20 



STATE R(3AS)S. 



MASSACHUSETTS — Continued, 



TOWNS, &C. 



Woburn, _ _ > 

Re-cross Middlesex Canal to Be- 
lerica, - - - 

Chelmsford, [h] 

T}ngsborough, 

New Hampshire State Line, - 

Cross Nashua River to Dunstable, 

Amhurst, 

Mount Vernon, 

Francis Town, 

Contocook River, 

Hillsborough, 

Washington, 

Goshen, * - > 

Newport, [?'] 

Sugar River, 

Claremont, 

Cornish, 

Cross Connecticut River by Cor- 
nish Bridge, to Windsor, Vt. 

Royalton, 

Montpelier, 

Burlington, 

Montreal, by Lake Champlain, 

Montreal, by Land, 



9 

8 

4 

8 

5 

14 

5 

10 

11 

S 

10 

11 

4 

3 

5 

8 

3 
29 
35 

38 
88 
83 



134 
163 
198 
236 

324 
319 



DESCRIPTION -OF TOWNS, (SlC. 121 

[h] Celebrated for its glass manufactory. It is situated on 
the S. side of the Merrimac ; the Middlesex Canal commences 
here ; beautiful granite, used in most of the modern buildings 
at Boston, is obtained at this town, and transported down the 
canal. Population, 1,400. 

[t] Newport, the semi-metropolis of Rhode-Island, is situa- 
ted on the S. W. end of the island of Rhode-Island, 5 miles 
frora the sea. It contains a state-house, academy, 5 banks, 2 
insurance offices, a public library, and 11 houses of worship.— 
This town is celebrated for the beauty of its situation, having 
a gradual ascent from the water ; it has a fine appearance from 
the harbour and surrounding country. The harbour is defended 
by three forts. Green, Brenton, and Wolcott. Here is a milita- 
ry hospital belonging to the United States. The shipping anrounts 
to about 11,000 tons. Population, rising 7,000. 



Jl 



m 



STATE ROADS. 



MAS SACHUSETTS — Continued. 

No. 6. 
From Boston to Winchendon. 



TOWNS, &C. 






Concord, as in No. 3, - 




17 


Stow, _ _ - 


8 


25 


Bolton, 


7 


32 


LancastCTy - - - 


4 


36 


Leominster, - - - 


8 


44 


Fitchbury, - - - 


4 


48 


Ashburnham, ^ - - 


10 


58 


WiNCHENDON, 


10 


68 



No. 7. 
From Boston to Nortkfield, 



Leominster, as in No. 6, 

Athole, 

Northfield, 



21 

22 



No. 8. 

From Boston to AIba7iy, and thence to Buffa- 

he and Falls of Niagara, 



Worcester, [j] 
Leicester, [/c] - 
Spencer, 
Brookfield, 
Ware, 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &:C. 123 

[j] Capita] of Worcester county, Massachusetts; it is plea- 
santly situated, and is a place of considerable wealth and trade. 
The first large quarto and folio bibles, ever published in Ameri- 
ca, were printed in this town. The town is built principally on 
one street, upwards of a mile in length ; it is one of the niost 
considerable inland towns in Massachusetts, containing a hand- 
some court-house, and 3 houses of worship, and a number of 
well-built private dwellings. Population, 2,600. 

[Ar] Leicester, Worcestercounty, contains a respectable aca- 
demy, which was incorporated in 1784-, and generally has about 
100 students. The site of the building is elevated and healthy. 
In this town there is a large card manufactory, 3 meeting-bous- 
es, and rising 1,000 inhabitant?. 



IM 



STATE ROADS. 



MASSACHUSETTS — Continued. 



TOWNS, &C. 




u 

•2 5 


w 

vi 


Belchertown, - 


^ 


9 


81 


Hadley, 




10 


91 


Cross Connecticut River 


to North- 






ampton, [ /] 




1 


92 


Chesterfield, - 


- 


12 


104 


Worth ington, - 


. 


6 


lie 


Peru, 


- 


8 


118 


Dalton, 


. 


6 


124 


Pittsfield, - - 


. 


6 


130 


Hancock, 


. 


5 


135 


New- York State Line, 


. 


1 


136 


Lebanon Springs^ [m\ 


- 


1 


137 


Canaan, 


•• 


1 


139 


Stephenson, • 


- 


7 


146 


Union, 


- 


6 


152 


Green Bush, - 


- 


12 


164 


Cross Hudson River to Albany, 


1 


165 


Buffaloe, as in N. York, 


No. 16, 


306 


471 


Falls of Niagara, 


- 


21 


492 



No. 9. 

From Boston to Hudson^ and thence to Ithaca 
and Erie Pennsylvania, through the South 
Wester 71 counties of New- York. 



Lebanon Springs, as before, 
Concord, - - - 

Hudson, - - - 

Cross Hudson River to Athens, 



10 

18 

1 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 125 

[l] Northampton, capital of Hampshire county, Massachu- 
setts, is beautifully situated on the W. side of Connecticut river, 
at which place there is a bridge across it, 1060 feet long. A 
fine stream runs through the town, on which are a number of 
mills and manufactories : at 2 woollen factories, nearly sixU/ 
yards of cloth are made daily. Within 8 miles of the town is 
a valuable lead mine, and in its vicinity are Mount Tom and 
Mount Holyoke, from which may be had a most delightful view 
of the surrounding country, including the largest and most fer- 
tile meadows that are to be found ©n the Connecticut. The 
population is between 2 and 3,000. 

Hadley is connected with Northampton by the bridge above- 
mentioned ; it is also connected with Hatfield by another bridge, 
and is a pleasant village, situated mostly on two wide streets, 
one of which is a milo long. This town is much noted for the 
culture of broom-corn, which, when manufactured, produces 
the amount of ^20,000 annually. There is a respectable aca- 
demy here, with upwards of 100 students. 

The towns on this part of the river suffered great hardship 
in their early settlement, being constantly annoyed by the In- 
dians, who openly attacked them several times, setting fire to 
their towns, and carrying off the inhabitants prisoners. 

[m] New-Lebanon, Canaan, Columbia county, New-York. 
These springs have obtained considerable celebrity ; it is a ther- 
mal water, of the temperature of 12'^ of Fahrenheit. The 
spring is kept in a state of ebullition by a constant emission of 
azotic gas, but is used without injury for anj- domestic purpose. 



U^ 



126 



STATE ROADS. 



MASSACHUSETTS — Continued. 



TOWNS, &C. 


«5 


If 


Catskill Landing, 


_ 


5 


171 


Catskill, [n] - 


- 


2 


173 


Lexington, 


- 


27 


200 


Paghkataken, on Popachton 








Branch of Delaware River, 


- 


15 


215 


Rapakunk, 


- 


12 


227 


Cross Delaware River to Walton, 


10 


237 


Cross East Branch of Susquehan- 






nah to Jerico, 


- 


24 


261 


Coventry, 


- 


7 


268 


Cross Chenango River to Greene, 


9 


277 


Tionioga River, 


- 


12 


289 


Owasco River, East Branch, 


- 


10 


299 


Owasco River, West Branch, 


- 


3 


302 


Speedsville, - 


- 


9 


311 


Ithaca, [o] - 


- 


6 


317 


Catherine's Town, 


- 


20 


337 


Salubria 


- 


3 


340 


Mud Creek, - 


- 


17 • 


357 


Bath, 


- 


8 


365 


Cross Conhocton and Canistio 


Ri- 






vers to Canistio, 


- 


20 


385 


Angelica, 


- 


20 


405 


Gennessee River, 


- 


3 


408 


Ischua, 


. 


22 


430 


Majville, 


- 


60 


490 


Bethesda Mineral Spring, 


- 


15 


505 


Greenfield, 


- 


4 


609 


Erie, 


- 


13 


522 



DESCRIPTION Of TOWNS, (SiC. 121 

[n] Catskill, capital of Greene county, New-York, is a plea- 
sant village, situated on W. bank of the Hudson. It contains 
a court-house, bank, academy, 2 houses of worship, and up- 
wards of 4,000 inhabitants. It has considerable trade. 

[o] Ithaca is the capital of Tompkins county New- York, in 
the township of Ulysses, at the south end of Cauga Lake. It 
contains a court-house, printing-office, (from which is issued a 
weekly newspaper,) apd several valuable mills. 



m 



STATE ROADS. 



MASSACHUSETTS — Continued* 

No. 10. 
From Boston to Newburg^ on Hudson River 



TOWNS, &C. 


11 

x3 




Springfield, [p] 




95 


South wick, - ^ - 


10 


105 


Granville, - - - 


6 


111 


Sandisfield, - - - 


14 


125 


New Marlboro' 


6 


130 


Sheffield, 


8 


138 


Connecticut State Line, 


3 


141 


Falls of Housatonic, 60 feet, - 


6 


147 


Furnace Lake, 


5 


152 


Mudge Lake, 


5 


157 


New York State Line, 


1 


168 


West Mountain, 


15 


173 


Hopewell, - - - 


16 


189 


Newburg, - - - 


12 


201 



No. IL 

From Boston to Newport^ through Rehoboth, 
on the Turnpike, 



Roxbury, [9] 


- ,y r- 


- 




6 


Dedham, 


- 


- 


3 


9 


Walpole, 


- 


. 


11 


20 


Attleboro' 


. 


„ 


8 


28 


Rehoboth, 


. - 


_ 


11 


39 


Warren, 


- 


•• 


8 1 


47 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. 129 

[p] The capital of Hampden county, Massachusetts, on the 
K. side of Connecticut river. It is a large pleasant town with 
^s. population of nearly 3,000. 

It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, a woollen manufac- 
tory, a rope-walk, a furnace, 2 paper-mills, 2 libraries, a print- 
ing-office, and 2 houses of public worship. A United Stales' 
armoury, situated about half a mile east of the village, has 
the appearance of a small town ; a level square of 20 acres, 
is occupied with a number of dwelling-houses, store-houses, and 
workshops. One building is 204 feet by 32, of two stories, with 
a cupola, from which may be taken a most extensive and de- 
lightful view of Connecticut river and the surrounding country. 
Another is 100 by 40 feet, a third 60 by 32, all of brick, and 2 
stories high. The second story of the last, is a large commo- 
dious hall, consecrated as a place of worship. There are wa- 
ter-works situated about a mile south of the arsenal, having 3 
divisions — upper, middle, and lower, on Mill River, which flows 
into the Connecticut, where are the greatest collection of mills 
and other water-works in the stute. There are about 250 work- 
men employed at this establishment. It is estimated that the 
cost of muskets at Springfield, is $13 56 each ; at Harper's Ferry, 
$U 25. 

[q] Uoxbury, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, is a large and 
respectable town, consisting of threp parishes, one of which ap- 
pears a continuation of the city of Boston, with which it is con- 
nected by the isthmus called Boston Neck. The second parish 
conjprises Jamaica Plain, a delightful village, in the vicinity of 
which is a pond which has never been fathomed. The popula- 
tion of the third parish, called Spring Street, is more diffused, 
having no village of consequence. Roxbury is an agricultural 
town, and sends large supplies of all kinds of fruit and vegpta.» 
bles to Boston market. Population nearly 4,000. 



130 


STATE ROADS. 








MASSACHUSETTS — ^oTitinued, 


Towr^ 


fs, kc. 




Mi 

■z 3 

4 


JS 


Bristol, [r] 


^ 


— 


51 


Ferry House, - 


. 


•> 


2 


53 


Portsmouth, - 


. 


. 


7 


60 


Newport, 


- 


- 


6 


65 




No. 12, 




- 




From Boston to Provincetoivn, Cape Cod. 


Roxburj, 


- 






6 


Milton, [5" 


. 




3 


7 


Quincy, [t] 


- 




3 


10 


Braintree, 


. 




2 


12 


Weymouth, 


- 




1 


13 


Scituate, 


. 




10 


23 


Hanover, 


. 




2 


25 


Pembroke, 


m 




4 


29 


Duxbury, 


m 




4 


33 


Kingston, 


- 




5 


38 


Plymouth, [u] 


•• 




4 


42 


Sandwich, 


- 




18 


60 


Barnstable, 


. 




8 


68 


Yarmouth, 


- 




8 


76 


Harwich, 


. 




9 


85 


Orleans, 


. 




6 


91 


Eastham, ♦ 


- 




1 


92 


Wellfleet, 


- 




11 


103 


Truro, 


. 




10 


113 


Provincetown, 


- 




9 


122 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 131 

— ■■■■■ ji» ■ ■>«* ■ ■ 

fr] Capital of Bristol county, Rhode-Island, on the continent. 
It has an excellent harbour and considerable trade ; the ship- 
ping bf this port amoiiius to about 6,000 tons. The town con- 
tains a court-house, jail, market-house, a masonic hall, 4 banks, 
a library, an academy, 4 houses of worship, and between 2 and 
3,000 inhabitants. 

[*j A pleasant town, watered by the Neponset river, which 
separates it in part from Dorchester, and on which are a variety 
of mills. The compact part of the town is mostly elevated ; — 
from a part called Milton Hill, there is one of the most delight- 
ful views in America 

[?] A large agricultural town, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, 
with a population of 1,300, containing a Congregational and 
Episcopal church. There are some manufactories here, but the 
town derives most note from being the residence of the Hon, 
John Adams, late President of the United States. 

[w] Plymouth is the oldest town in New-England ; in the 
centre of the town is placed the rock on which the first settlers 
landed, the 22d December, 1620. The township contains more 
than 80 square miles ; in many parts the soil is barren and co- 
vered with pine forests. The village contains a court-house, 
bank, and 4 houses of worship. The harbour is large, but ad- 
mits vessels drawing only 10 or 11 feet of water. The ship- 
ping belonging to this port amounts to about 18,000 tons, em- 
ployed in the Fisheries, West India, and European trade. Po- 
pulation rising 4,000. Here are cotton, woollen, and other 
manufactories, and considerable iron works. 



432 



STATE ROADS. 



MASSACHUSETTS — Contiiiued. 

No. 13. 

From Boston to Chatham, 



TOWNS, &C. 


11 

a. G 


32 


Harwich, as in No. 12, 
Chatham, - - - 


9 


85 
94 



No. 14. 

Froin Worcester to Chelmsford. 



Boylstown, 


. 






7 


Berlin, 


- 




6 


13 


Baltown, 


w 




5 


18 


Boxborough, 


• 




7 


25 


Littleton, 


- 




4 


29 


Westford, 


. 




3 


32 


Chelmsford, 


^' 




7 


39 



No. 15. 
From Worcester to Lancaster, 



Sterling, 
Lancaster, [v] 



tJESCRIPTION OP Towjsrs, &c. 1 35 

[i'] In Worcester county, Massachusetts ; population between 
2 and 3,000 ; the Nashua affords seats for mills. It is a plea- 
sant agricultural town, and contains a grammar school and % 
large cotton manufactory. J[n the viciaity of the place is an 
axtensive fjuarry of sla^e. 



n 



134 



STATE ROADS. 



MASSACHUSETTS — Continued, 



No. 16. 
Fro7n Worcester to Providence, /?. Island* 



TOWNS, 


&c. 




It 

si 




Grafton, 


^ 






8 


Upton, 


-. 


- 


6 


14 


Mind on. 


- 


- 


6 


20 


Bollin^ham, 


- 


- 


6 


26 


Smith field, 


- 


- 


10 


36 


Providence, 


- 


- 


6 


41 



No. 17. 

From Providence to South Kingston and 
Point Judith, 



Greenwich, 


- 




13 


Wickford, 


- 


9 


22 


South Kinj2;ston, [iv - 


- 


10 


32 


Point Judith, [x] 


- 


6 


38 



No. 18. 
From Boston to Holmes Hole. 



Taunton, [i/] 




3G 


Middletown, 


12 


48 


New Bedford, [z] 


15 


65 


Holmes Hole, 


28 


91 



BFSCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC» 135 

[%c] Or Tower Hill, is the capital of Washington county, 
Rhode-Island, on W. side of Narraganset Bay. Population, 
3,500, It is an agricultuval town, and a place of considerable 
wealth. ^ 

[:r] Point Judith is a cape on the S. E. corner of South 
King,ston, Rhode-Island, on W. side of Narraganset Bay. Lat. 
41 24 N. Long. 71 35 W. 

L^] Capital of Bristol county, on Taunton river. It is said 
to be one of the most beautiful towns in Massachusetts. It 
contains a court-house, jail, a town-house, a bank, a respectable 
academy, a printing office, a paper-mill, a furnace, nail manu- 
factory, 3 rolling and slitting mills, 2 cotton manufactories, and 
5 houses of public worship. Taunton river is formed by Bridge- 
water and Nanoaskat rivers, and runs S. W. into Nariaganset 
Bay. It is navigable for sloops of 50 tons, to Taunton, twenty 
miles. 

[s] New-Bedford, seaport of Bristol county, is pleasantly 
situated on W. side of an arm of the sea which makes up from 
Buzzard's Bay; the population of the village is about 3,000. — 
It contains a bank, an insurance office, a flourishing academy, 
and 5 houses of public worship. It has an excellent harbour 
with a depth of water from 3 to * fathoms. The shipping be- 
longing to this port amounts to about 23,000 tons. The business 
of the tovi^n consists principally in the fisheries ; 20 vessels, 
amounting to 6,000 tons, are employed in the whale ^fishery, 
and 45 sail of vessels belonging to the district, are employed in 
Cod and other fisheries. There are 3 rope-walks, and consid- 
erable ship-building is done. 



136 



STATE ROADSi 



MASSACHUSETTS — 


Continued^ 




No. 19. 

From Boston to Nantucket. 


TOWNS, &C. 


11 




New Bedford, as in last, 
Nantucket, [a] 


- 


60 


63 
123 



No. 20. 

Route from Boston to Ballstown Springs and 
Mo7itreaIf and return by Portland. 



Albany, as in Massachusetts, No. 8. 




165 


Ballstown Springs, 


- 


- 


31 


196 


Saratoga Springs, 


- 


- 


8 


204 


Sandy Hill, 


- 


- 


18 


222 


Fort Anne, 


- 


- 


9 


231 


Whitehall, 


. 


- 


12 


243 


Montreal, 


- 


- 


184 


427 


Quebec, 


- 


- 


15Q 


577 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, fcc. 137 

[a] Seaport on ihe island of Nantucket, on the western side 
of a basin whicli lies in a bay on the N, W. side of the island. 
The harbour is safe from all winds, being nearly land-locked by 
two projecting points of land ; the longest is called Sandy Point, 
on which there is a light-house. The town contains 2 banks, 
2 insurance offices, 30 spermaceti works, employing a capital of 
^600,000, a reading room, and 5 ianuses of public worship.— 
There are 50 private schools, and the inhabitants are generally 
intelligent and enterprising. Population nearly 7000. The 
island of Nantucket is 15 miles long, and 11 where broadest. — 
The soil generally is rather poor and sandy, but the whale fish- 
ery being the most lucrative employment, agriculture is but 
little attended to. The land is mostly held in common. 



n* 



133 



STATE ROADS. 



RHODE-ISLAND. 



Great Western Road from the NeiO'E^igland 
States, through the northern parts of Penn- 
sylvania, 



No. 1. 








From Providencey R. L to Erie^ 


Penn. 


TOWNS, &c. 




li 

■ - ce 

X- 


Distance 
from Pro- 
vidence. 


Plainfield, Connecticut, [6] 


- 




30 


Cross Quinebaug River to Canter- 






bury, 


- 


4 


34 


Windham, [c] 


- 


10 


44 


Shetucket River, 


- 


1 


43 


Columbia, 


- 


7 


62 


Andover, 


- 


4 


66 


Bolton, 


- 


4 


60 


Oxford, 


- 


5 


63 


Cross Connecticut River to Hart- 






ford, 


- 


8 


73 


Lichfield, [d] 


- 


32 


105 


Shepaug River, 


- 


3 


108 


New Preston, 


- 


4 


112 


Housatonic River, [e] 


- 


8 


120 


New York State Line, 


- 


1 


121 


West Mountain, 


- 


11 


132 


Hopewell, 


- 


9 


141 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fec. 139 

[6] Windham county, Connecticut, on the E. side of Quine- 
baug, containing nearly 2,000 inhabitants. It is an agreeably 
situated and valuable town, with a respectable academy. The 
Quinebaug river rises in Massachusetts, and joins the Shetucket 
3 miles above Norwich landing. 

[cj Windham county, Connecticut, containing a court-house, 
jail, academy, and congregational meeting-house; a weekly 
newspaper 's published here. The town is pleasantly situated, 
and has a population of between 2 and 3,000. It is watered 
by the Shetucket river, 

[d] Capital of Litchfield county, Connecticut, celebrated for 
its law institution, established nearly 40 years since. It has 
two profcsso>i^, and from 30 to 40 students. The principal vil- 
lage has an elevated situation, and contains a court-house, 
jail, a female academy, and the law school abovementioned, 
and 2 houses of worship. Besides being an agricultural town, 
it has a number of mills and manufactories ; in its vicinity is a 
medicinal spring. Mount Tom, an eminence of 700 feet, is on 
the western border of this town ; in the township are 9 houses 
of worship. 

[e] Housatonic river rises from two sources, both in Berkshire 
county, Massachusetts — one in Lanesboroiigh, and the other in 
Windsor. These branches unite in Pittsfield, and pursuing a 
southerly course, flow into Long Island Sound, between Strat- 
ford and Millford. It is navigable for small vessels to Derby, 
12 miles. Between Canaan and Salisbury, it bas falls of near* 
ly 60 feet perpendicular. 



I4G STATE ROADS. 






RHODE-ISLAND — ^ontinucd. 


TOWNS, &C. 


■11 

la 


Hi 


Fishkill, 1/1 


7 


148 


Fishkill Landing, 


4 


152 


Cross Hudson River to Newburg, 


1 


153 


Montrose, as in N. York, No. 21, 


no 


263 


Forks of Wyalusing, - 


13 


276 


Wysox Creek, 


14 


290 


Cross Susquehannah River to 






Meansville, 


4 


294 


Sugar Creek, 


6 


300 


Long Mills, 


10 


310 


Tioga River, South Branch, - 


20 


330 


Weilsborough^ 


12 


342 


Big Meadow, 


8 


350 


Elk Lick, 


11 


361 


Head Waters of Pine Creek, - 


7 


368 


Condersport, 


16 


384 


Cross Allegany River to Port 






Allegany, 


18 


402 


Cross Potatoe Creek to Smethport 


11 


413 


Kenjua 


28 


441 


Cross Allegany - - ) 
River^ConewangoCr.to Warren \ 


2 


443 


11 


454 


Brokenstraw Creek, - 


6 


460 


Re-cross Brokenstraw Creek, - 


3 


463 


Frampton Branch of ditto. 


13 


476 


French Creek, 


20 


496 


Water ford. 


4 


500 


Erie, - - - 


14 


514 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <&C. HI 

[/] A village in Dutchess county, New-York, about 5 miles 
W. of the river Hudson, where are two landings, on which 
-onsiderable business is done. There are 5 houses for public 
^vorship in ihe township. Population nearly 7,000. 



i 



i42 



STATE ROADS. 



RHODE-i s LAND — Continued, 



No. 2. 

From Providence to Albany^ by Springfield 
and Stockhridge, 



TOWNS, 


&c. 




z ■= 


m 

.i £-2 


Gloucester, [^] 


_ 


_ 




16 


Connecticut State Line, 


- 


8 


24 


French River, 


. 


. 


6 


30 


Woodstock, [^] 


- 


- 


4 


34 


Ashford, 


- 


- 


6 


40 


Bigelow's River, 


. 


. 


3 


43 


Roaring River, 


- 


. 


5 


48 


Somers, 


- 


- 


11 


69 


Massachusetts State Line, 


- 


3 


62 


Springfield, 


- 


- 


6 


68 


Westfield, 


- 


- 


9 


77 


Blandford, 


- 


- 


11 


88 


Tyringham, 


- 


- 


16 


104 


Stockbridge, [i] 


- 


- 


9 


113 


New- York State Line, 


- 


5 


118 


Concord, 


- 


- 


9 


127 


Union, 


- 


- 


11 


138 


Greenbush, 


- 


- 


9 


147 


Albany, 






1 


148 1 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, kc, 143 

[g] Providence county, Rhode-Island ; the township contains 
between 2 and 3,000 inhabitants. Here are a number of cotton 
factories. In the township is a village called Chepachet^ con- 
taining a post-office and bank. 

[h] Windham co., Connecticut, an agricultural town, con- 
sisting of three parishes. It contains an academy, and nearly 
3,000 inhabitants. 

[i] A pleasant town, watered by the Housatonic. It con- 
tains a printing-office, 1 cotton, and 2 woollen manufactories. — 
Population 1,400. In its vicinity are quarries of white and blue 
marble, and an iron mine. 



144 



STATE ROADS. 



RuoDE'iSLA^B— Continued. 



No. 3. 

From Newport to New Bedford and Barn 

stable^ Massachusetts. 



■ -7-;.. ■ ■ ■ -= 

TOWNS, &C. 




id 




t& 


OJ 


Westport, 


18 


Dartmouth, 


5 


23 


New-Bedfordj 


6 


29 


Fairhaven, 


1 


30 


Rochester, 


8 


38 


Wareham, 


4 


42 


Sandwich Harbour, 


12 


54 


Barnstable, [j'] 


9 


63 



No. 4. 
From Providence to Duxborough. 



Rehoboth, Ic] Massachusetts, - 




4 


Taunton, 


15 


19 


Middleborou^h, [/] 


12 


31 


Plympton, K -, 
Kingston, 5 '-'"J 


4 


S3 


6 


40 


Duxborough, 


5 


45 



No. 5. 
.Fro?7i Providence to South Freetown, Mass. 



Barrington, 
Swansey, 
Somerset, 
South-Freetown, 



- 


- 




8 


•• 


- 


6 


14 


^ 


- 


3 


17 


} 


- 


3- 


20 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <kc^ 14, 



[_;■] Capital of Barnstable county, Massachusetts, on Bain- 
stable Bay. This, like many other towns along this part of the 
coast, subsist principally by the fishing and coasting business. — 
The county of Barnstable comprises the whole of the peninsula 
of Cape Cod. The population of the town is between 3 and 
4,000 — that of the whole county, 22,000. The shipping owned 
here amounts to about 15,000 tons. 

[k] Situated on both sides of the Blackstone, or Pawtucket 
river, which divides the State of R,hode-Island from Massachu- 
setts. The first cotton factory erected in the United States 
was here ; there are now a variety of ma'nufactories at this 
place, and 2,000 inhabitants. 

[I] Plymouth county, Massachusetts, containing 4,000 in- 
habitants. In the township are, a rolling and slitting mill, a 
shovel manufactory, 2 forges, 2 furnaces, 2 cotton manufacto- 
ries, a town-house, an academy, and 8 houses of public wor- 
ship. 

[m] Kingston and Plympton, in Plymouth county, are both 
manufacturing towns, and have some trade in the fisheries; — 
Kingston has rising 1,000 inhabitants — Plympton about 900. 

In Rhode-Island are a great number of well settled towns, for 
the size of the State. Owing to the local situation, and the small 
territory it occupies, it has a more general character than any 
other state in the Union. The soil is generally better adapted 
to grazing than tillage ; large numbers of cattle are raised here, 
and the produce of their dairies are said to be unrivalled in 
point of excellence. The rivers and bays furnish the largest 
quantities of all kinds of fish. The climate of this state is 
considered more salubrious than that of any other state in the 
Union, being remarkably temperate ; having the advantage ff 
a sea breeze in summer, and its moderating effect in winter.— 
Theie are seven academies in the state, and a respectable and 
iRourishing college at Providence. 



i.^. 



146 



STATE nOADS. 



RHODE-ISLAND — Continued. 



No. 6. 

From Providence to South Kingston and 
Point Judith. 



TOWNS, &C. 


s| 


5£-: 


Greenwich, 
Wickford, 
South Kingston, 
Point Judith, 


- 


9 

10 

6 


13 

22 
32 
38 


No. 7. 
From Providence to Neio-Lo 


ndon. 




Pawtuxet River, 
Wood River, 
Rhode-Island State Line, 
Groton, 
New-London, 


- 


18 

3 

20 

1 


10 

28 
31 

51 

62 


No. 8. 
From Providence 


to Bosto 


n. 




Pawtucket River and Falls, [n] 

Attleborough, 

Foxborough, 

Walpole, 

Dedham, 

Cross Neponset R. to Roxburj, 

Boston, 


8 

7 
o 

11 

8 

2 


4 
12 
19 
21 

32 

40 

42 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, «S:C. 147 

[n] Pawtucket river, Rhode-Island, which rises in Massachu- 
«e»ts, where it is called the Blackstone, passes through N. E. 
part of Rhode-Island, and flows into Narraganset Bay, just 
below Providence. Below the falls it is called the Seekhouk. 
The descent at the falls is about 50 feet* 



148 



&TATE ROADS. 



CONNECTICUT. 



No. 1. 

From New- Haven to Boston., hy Springfield, 



TOWNS, &c. 



Wallingford, 

Cross Quinuipiack R. to Meriden, 

Berlin, [o] 

Hartford, 

Cross Windsor R. to Windsor, [p] 

Suffield[^] - - 

Mass'ts State Line W. Springfield, 

Cross Conn. R. to E. Springfield, 

Palmer, 

Western, 

Cross Chickapee R. to Brookfield, 

Spencer, 

Leicester, 

Worcester, - - ' 

Boston, 



li 


5j» 




12 


5 


17 


7 


24 


10 


34. 


7 


41 


10 


51 


5 


61 


1 


62 


17 


79 


7 


86 


6 


92 


7 


99 


5 


104 


7 


111 


45 


156 



No. 2. 
From New- Haven to Montpelier, Vermont. 



Springfield, as in No. L 




62 


Cross VVestfield R. to Northampton, 


19 


81 


Deerfield, 


16 


97 


Deerfield River, 


2 


99 


Greenfield, 


3 


102 


Cross Vermont State Line. 


3 


106 



\ 

DES€RiPTION OF TOWNS, &€. 14&' 

fo] Berlin, Hartford county, Connecticut, a pleasant town, 
containing nearly 3,000 inhabitants. Here was established the 
first tin-ware manufactory in the United States, and many of 
the inhabitants are still conducting the business on an extensrve 
scale. 

[p] Windsor and East Windsor, two villages sitaated on the 
E. and W. side of the Connecticut, nearly opposite each other, 
containing about 3,000 inhabitants. Large quantities of gin 
are manufactured at both places. 

[q] A large agreeable town, situated on W. bank of Connec- 
ticut river. In its vicinity is a mineral spring of considerable 
note. The town contains 4 houses of public worship, and near- 
ly 3,000 inhabitants. 



13* 



150 



STATE ROADS. 



■ ■ • ■• - 

CONNECTICUT — Continued, 




TOWNS, &c. 


Is 
■II 

^5 


lit 
3|« 


Vernon, ^ - 


8 


114 


Brattleborough, 


9 


123 


West River, 


3 


126 


Pultney, 
Westminster, 


6 
9 


132 
141 


Cross Connecticut River to Wal- 






pole, [r] 
Re cross the R. to Bellows's Falls, 


1 

4 


142 

146 


Cross Black River to Springfield, 


8 


154 


Weathersfield, [5] 


8 


161 


Windsor, 


6 


167 


W^ood stock, on Woodstock R. [t] 


12 


179 


Pompfret, 

Rojalton, 

Cross White R, to Randolph, [w] 

Williaraston, 


2 

9 

9 

14 


181 
190 
199 
213 


Berlin, 


8 


221 


Montpelier, 


4 


225 


No. 3. 






From New-Haven to Haverhill Cot 


■ner, 1 


W.H. 



Windsor, as in No. 2, 

Dartmouth College, Hanover, 

Grafton, [v] 

Oxford, 

Haverhill, 



22 
9 
9 

17 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 15 i 

[r] Beautifully situated on an elevated bank, a small dis- 
tance from the Connecticut river, and contains several large 
handsome dwelling houses. The principal occupation of the 
inhabitants is agriculture. At Bellows's Falls, in the same 
township, are several mills and a cotton manufactory. On the 
bridge which crosses the river at the latter place, may be had a 
fine view of the falls, the descent of which is about 50 feet. 

[$1 Hartford county, on the Connecticut ; this town is well 
known for the cultivation of onions, the land around is luxuri- 
ant, and the country generally pleasant and healthy. The town 
comprises 3 parishes, 4 meeting-houses, and an academy. Po- 
pulation about 4,000. 

[t] Capital of VVindsoi county, handsomely situated on the 
Waterqueechy ; the village contains a court-house, jail, and 
church, and the town nearly 3,000 inhabitants. 

[u] Orange county, Vermont, a valuable agricultural town 
watered by the branches of White River. The town contains 
a large bed of iron ore, iron works, and several mills. Popu- 
lation rising 2,000. 

[v] Grafton county, New-Hampshire, on Glass Mountain ; 
here are found large quantities of isinglass. Population about 
1,000. 



15^ 



STATE ROADS. 



CONNECTICUT — Continued. 



No. 4. 
From New-Haven to Basin Harbour, Vt. 



TOWNS, 


&c. 




If 
11 




Nagatuck River, 


^ 


. 




17 


Watertown, 


- 


- 


10 


27 


Lichfield, 


•» 


. 


11 


38 


Goshen, 


- 


- 


6 


44 


Massachusetts State Line, 


. 


16 


60 


Sheffield, \w] 


- 


. 


6 


66 


Great Barrington, 


- 


- 


6 


72 


Stockbridge, 


- 


- 


8 


80 


Lee, 


•■ 


- 


6 


86 


Pittsfield, Ix] 


. 


- 


6 


92 


Lanesboro', 


. 


. 


5 


97 


Williamsboro', 


- 


. 


15 


112 


Vermont State Line, - 


• 


3 


115 


Pownal, 




. 


4 


119 


Bennington, 




- 


6 


126 


Shaftsbury, 




- 


8 


133 


Arlington, 




- 


8 


141 


Manchester, 




- 


6 


147 


Dorset, 




- 


6 


153 


Danby, 




- 


8 


161 


Tinmouth^ 




- 


6 


167 


Clarendon, 




- 


9 


176 


Rutland, {y] 


- 


- 


6 


182 


Pittsford, 


- 


- 


8 1 


190 



[ip] Berkshire county, Massachusetts, watered by the Hou- 
satonic, which is well calculated for mill seats. It is an agri- 
cultural town, containing between 2 and 3,000 inhabitants. — 
Here is an excellent quarry of marble. South Mountain ex- 
tends along this town on tlie E. side of the river. 

[x] One of the best agricultural towns in Massachusetts, si- 
tuated in a fertile tract of country. A variety of manufactures 
are carried on in this town, viz.: 3 for woollen tloth, a marble 
manufactory, 1 for small arms, and 1 for drums; besides large 
numbers of carriages and wagons are made here The town 
contains 3 houses of worship, a town-houSe, academy, printing- 
office, from which is issued a weekly paper, and nearly 3,000 
inhabitants. 

[y\ Capital of Rutland county, Vermont. Near the centre 
of the town is a fine village, situated on a commanding emi- 
nence, vrhich contains a court-house, meeting-house, academy, 
and printing-office. Population about 1,500, 



154 



STATE ROADS. 



CONNECTICUT- 


'Continued, 




TOWNS, 


&c. 




-Q 




Brandon, 


„ 


„ 


8 


198 


Leicester, 


- 


. 


8 


106 


Middlehury^ [2] 


- 


- 


9 


115 


Otter Creek, 


- 


- 


4 


119 


Vergennes^ 


- 


- 


8 


127 


Basin Harbor, 


- 


„ 


6 


132 



No. 5. 

From New London to Hartford, and thence 
to Sheffield, Massachusetts, 



New Salem, 




14 


Colchester, 


6 


20 


Marlboro' 


8 


28 


Glastonbury 


10 


38 


Hartford, 


6 


44 


Farmington River 


17 


61 


Winchester, 


8 


69 


Sheffield, 


19 


88 



No. 6. 

From Hartford to Seabrook. 



Weathersfield, 


. 


- 


6 


Middletown, [a] 


- 


- 10 


16 


Haddam, 


. 


- / 9 


24 


Seabrook, 


.. 


- 1 16 


40 



DESCRIPTION Of TOWNS, &C. 



[s] Middlebury is situated on both sides of Otter Creek, 
which is 170 feet wide, on an average, through the town, and 
has falls of 20 feet perpendicular at the village. Near the falls 
are 2 cotton manufactories, 3 grist-mills, 2 saw-mills, a nail fac- 
tory, and one for sawing marble. The town contains a court- 
house, jail, 2 academies, 2 printing-offices, 4 houses of worship, 
and Middlebury College. This institution was incorporated ia 
1800, and contains upwards of 100 students. Population of 
the town is rising 2,000. 

[a] City, port of entry, and capital of Middlesex county, 
Connecticut, on W. bank of Connecticut river, 34 miles from 
its mouth. The river is navigable to this place for vessels 
drawing 10 feet of water : the shipping of this port has amount- 
ed to more than that of any other port in the state. The town 
is handsome and flourishing, and contains a court house, 2 banks, 
one of which is a branch bank of the United States, 2 insurance 
offices, an extensive woollen manufactory, and 4 houses of wor- 
ship. The city has about 2,000 inhabitants, and, including 
the township, rising 3,000. 



15$ 



STATE ROADS. 



CONNECTICUT — Continued. 



No. 7. 
From New-Haven to Neiv- Mil/or d. 



TOWNS, &:c. 



Humphreysville, [6] 
Southbury, 
Woodbury, 
Roxborough, 
New Milford, 



n a 


Hi 




10 


11 


21 


4 


25 


6 


31 


6 


37 



No. 8. 
Jrom Bridgeport to New- Milford. 



Newtown, 
New Milford, 



18 



19 

37 



No. 9. 
From Norwalk to Danhiiry, 



Wilton, 

Danbury, [c] 



15 



7 

22 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWKS, &C. 1^7 

[b] In Derby county, Connecticut, on the Naugatuc, 5 miles 
above its confluence with the Housatonic. It is at the head of 
navigation, and has several manufactories. 

[cj Fairfield county, Connecticut j the courts for the coun- 
ty are ^leld alternately here and at Fairfield. Here is an 
agreeai)le village, containing a court-house, academy, and 3 
churches. Population of the township, 4,000, 



14 



158 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK. 



No. 1. 
From Neiv-York to Boston hy Steam-boat. 



and Providence 



Stage 



Line, 





' s 


1) ^ 


TOWNS, &C. 


(S .5 


m 

.2 £>■■ 




is,a 


=J 


Hell Gate, [^] 






Entrance Long Island Sound, [e] 


9 


16 


Greenwich point, 


16 


32 


Opposite Norwalk, 


11 


43 


Stratford Point, 


15 


58 


New Haven, 


16 


74 


New Haven Light House, 


6 


79 


Faulkner's Island Light House, - 


13 


92 


Connecticut river Light House, [/] 


16 


108 


Thames River Light House 


13 


121 


New London, 


4 


125 


Poquetanuck River, - 


8 


133 


Quinebaug River, 


4 


137 


Norwich, 


2 


139 


By Stage. 






Cross Shetuckct River, 


3 


142 


Cross Quinebaug River ,to Jewet's 






City, 


5 


147 


Plainfield, [gl 


7 


164 


Sterling, 


4 


158 


Rhode Island State Line, 


4 


162 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, 6lC. loQ 

[d] Or Hurl Gate, a narrow strait of East River, formed by 
the projecting point of Long Island, nearly opposite to Harlem, 
8 N. of New-York city. It was formerly considered a fearful 
pass, but steam boats now navigate it with ease and safety. — ^ 
At certain times of the tide its whirlpools make a tremendous 
roaring. 

[e] This is a kind of inland sea ; it is about 140 miles long, 
and from 3 to 25 broad, extending the whole length of the isl- 
and, and dividing it from Connecticut. It communicates with 
the Atlantic at both ends. 

[/] The largest and most beautiful river in New-England. — 
It rises on the northern border of New-Hampshire, separates 
New-Hampshire from Vermont, passes through Massachusetts 
and Connecticut, and after a southerly course of 410 miles, 
flows into Long Island Sound between Saybrook and Lyme, 
It is navigable for sloops drawing 8 feet of water, to Hartford, 
50 miles, and by means of locks and canals, it has been render- 
ed navigable for boats, to Fifteen Mile Falls, 250 miles above 
Hartford. There are falls and rapids on the river at several 
places, the most celebrated of which are Bellows^s Falls, ia 
Walpote, New-Hampshire, which are considered an interesting 
natural object. At South Hadley are other falls, where the 
river descends over a ledge of rocks, 30 feet in height, and 
about 100 yards in length. " When a spectator approaches 
the falls, be is presented with an object at once singular and 
beautiful; a sheet of water, spreading over an inclined plane 
of 230 feet, floating most elegantly in thousands of perpetually 
changing circular waves, and starred with an infinite multi- 
tude of small fluftuatiiig spangles." 

On the banks of this river are a great number of flourishing 
towns and villages, presenting a variety of beautiful land- 
scapes, 

[g] A pleasant and valaable town on the E. side of the 
Quinebaug, Windham county, Connecticut. It has a flourish- 
ing academy, and upwards of 2,000 inhabitants. 



160 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW- YORK — Continued. 



TOWNS, &C. 


•si 


Pi 

3 1'" 


Scituate R. I. fh' 


_ 


7 


169 


Cross the head waters of the Pa- 






tuxet River, to Johnson 


- 


7 


176 


Trip, 


- 


6 


182 


Providence, 


- 


2 


184 


Pawtucket River, 


- 


4 


188 


Attleborough, 


- 


8 


196 


Foxboro', 


- 


7 


103 


Walpole, 


■• 


2 


105 


Dedham, 


- 


11 


216 


Cross Neponset River to Roxburj 


8 


224 


Boston, 


- 1 


2 


226 



No. 2. 

From New- York to Boston by Steamboat and 
Pom/ret Stage Line, 



Norwich as in No. 1. - 






13^ 


% Stage. 








Cross Shetucet River, - 


- 


5 


144 


Canterbury, 


- 


8 


152 


Brooklyn, [i] 


- 


6 


158 


Pomfret, [j] 




6 


164 


Thompson, 


- 


7 


171 


Cross French River, to Massachu- 






setts State Line, 


- 


7 


178 


Douglass, Massachusetts, 


- 


4 


182 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &IC, 161 

[h] Plymouth county, Massachusetts, on a bay of the same 
name ; 17 S. E. of Boston. It contains 3 houses of worship, 
and 3,105 inhabitants. 

[i\ Capital of Windham county, Connecticut, on W. side 
of the Quinebaug, 40 miles E. of Hartford. Brooklyn was 
established the seat of justice for Windham county in 1820, — 
It contains the county building and a printing-office ; the town- 
ship contains some of the best grazing land in the state. Po- 
pulation, 1,264. 

[j} Near the centre of this town there is a pleasant village, 
where several turnpikes meet. The Quinebaug separates it 
from Killingly, on the E. side. It is an excellent agricultural 
town, and contains a largQ cotton manufactory. Population, 
2,04?. 



14^ 



i62 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — Continued, 





TOWNS, 


&c. 






Hi 


Uxbridge, \k] 

Cross Pawtucket River tc 


► Mendon 


6 
5 


188 
193 


Milford, 




- 


- 


4 


197 


Medway, 
Medfield, 




: 


- 


8 
4 


105 
109 


Dedham, 




- 


- 


8 


117 


Boston, 




- 


- 


10 


127 



No. 3. 

From Neiv-York to Boston by Newport and 
Providence ; land and ivater Stages. 



By Water. 






Stafford Point, as in No. 1. 




58 


Faulkner's Isle, Light House, - 


22 


80 


Stonington Point, 


31 


117 


Watch Hill Light House, 


3 


120 


Point Judith, 


22 


142 


Newport, 


12 


154 


Prudence Island, S. end. 


6 


160 


Coninicut Point, 


9 


169 


Pawtuxet River, 


5 


174 


Providence, 


6 


180 


By Land. 






Boston, as in No. 1, - 


42 


222 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, ^C, Kjo 

\k] A considerable township of Worcester county, Massa- 
chusetts ; 40 miles E. of Hartford, bordering on Rhode-Island. 
It is watered by Blackstone, Mumford, and West Rivers, ami 
has many valuable mills and manufactories. Population^ 



1G4: 



STATE ROADS 



NEW- YORK — Continued, 



No. 4. 
From NeiV' York to Boston, by Danbury and 



Lichfield ; 


a Stage Routt 


''• 




TOWNS, 


kc. 




II 




Harlem, 


^ 


. 




8 


Cross Bronx River, 


- 


- 


4 


12 


East Chester, 


- 


- 


4 


16 


White Plains, 


- 


- 


12 


28 


Byram River, 


- 


. 


6 


34 


Bedford, 


- 


- 


8 


42 


Cross River, 


. 


- 


4 


46 


Ridgefield, Conn. 


- 


- 


9 


65 


Danbury, 


- 


- 


10 


65 


New Milford, 


- 


- 


7 


72 


Cross Housatonic 


River, 


to 






Washington, 


- 


- 


9 


81 


Lichfield, 


- 


- 


9 


90 


Naugatuc River, 


- 


- 


4 


94 


Harwinton, 


- 


- 


4 


98 


Burlington, 


- 


- 


6 


104 


Pequaubuc River, 


- 


- 


7 


111 


Farmington, [/] 


- 


- 


1 


112 


West Society, 


- 


- 


6 


118 


Hartford, 


- 


- 


4 


122 


Cross Connecticut River to East 






Hartford, 


. 


. 


1 


123 


Vernon, 


- 


- 


9 


132 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 165 

[Z] Farmington, post-town, Ontario county, New-York ; 9 
M. E. Canandaigua, 207 W. Albany. Population in 1810, 
1,908 ; in 1820, 4,214. Clifton Springs, fountains which are 
strongly impregnated with sulplaur, are in Manchester, which 
las lately been forrried from Fannington. 



iQQ 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW- YORK — Continued. 



TOWNS, &LG. 


II 


Ik 


Tolland, 


7 


139 


Stafford and Stafford Springs, - 


10 


149 


Massachusetts State Line, 


5 


154 


South Brimfield, 


2 


156 


Stonebrid^e on Quinebau^ River, 


7 


163 


Worcester on head waters of Black- 






stone's River, 


20 


183 


Shrewsbury, 


6 


189 


Framino^ham, 


15 


204 


Cross Concord River to Natick, 


7 


211 


Cross Charles River to Needham, 


5 


216 


Recross Charles R. to Brookline, 


6 


222 


Roxbury, 


3 


225 


Boston, 


S 


228 



No. 5, 

From New- York to Philadelphia^ by New- 

Bnmswick and Trenton ; Steam-boat Line, 



By Steam-boat, 
New York Bay, 




5 


Elizabethtown Point, [m] 


9 


14 


Aniboy,[7i] 

By Stage. 
New Brunswick, 


12 
13 


26 
39 


Kingston on Mill Stone River, - 


14 


53 


Princeton, 


2 


55 


Lawrenceville, 


6 


61 


Trenton, 


1 


62 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &€. 16'7 

[m] Steam-boats, and other vessels of 2 or 300 tons can come 
as far as Elizabethtown-Point, but those only of 20 or 30 tons 
come up to the town, which is 2 miles distant from the Point, 
situated on a small creek which flows into Arthur KuU Sou«d. 
The town is pleasant and flouii&hing, but built mostly on low 
ground. It contains a bank, academy, and 3 houses of wor- 
ship, and is a place of considerable business. Population about 
3,000. 

fn] Or, Perth Amboy, city and sea-port of Middlesex coun- 
ty, New-Jersey, at the head of Raritan Bay, on a point of 
land formed by the union of Raritan river with Arthur KuU 
Sound. It has a very excellent harbour ; the shipping belong- 
ing to this port, amounts to about 10,000 tons. The city of 
Amboy is small, containing an academy nnd 2 bouses of woi:- 
ship, and less than 1,000 inhabitants. 



168 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — ^'ontinuedn 



TOWNS, &C. 


S2 

Is 






ia 


Si 


By Steam- boat. 






Bordentown, N. J. - 


5 


67 


Bristol, Pa. 


9 


7fi 


Burlington, N. J. [o] - 


1 


77 


Philadelphia, 


18 


95 



No. 6. 
.From iVei^- YorZ? to Rockaivay^ Long Island. 



Cross East River to Brooklin, [k] 

Bedford, 

Jamaica, [pi 

Rockaivay \_g] °^ 

No. 7. ' 

From New- York to Montauk Point. 





1 


3 


4 


9 


13 


9 


22 



Jamaica, as in No. 6. - 




13 


Hempstead, 


9 


22 


Hauppagne, 


27 


49 


Rockoncama Pond, 


4 


63 


Carmans, 


11 


64 


Forge, 


5 


69 


Marriches, 


4 


73 


W. Hampton, 


6 


79 


Shincock, * 


9 


88 


S. Hampton, 
Bridge Hampton, 


6 


94 


7 


101 


East Hampton, 
Montauk, Point [r] 


6 


107 


16 


112 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. iG9 

[o] Burlington county, New-Jersey ; beautifully situated on 
the banks of the Delaware river. It has a good harbour, but 
no foreign trade ; it is a very pleasant city, and contains a 
court-house, ujarket house, an academy, a public library, and 4 
houses of worsliip, and between 2 and 3000 inhabitants. 

[A:] King's county. Long Island, opposite New-York city, di- 
vided from it by East river, three-quarters of a mile over. The 
village is on an elevated site, pleasant, and a place of consid- 
erable business. It contains 2 market-houses, a printing-office 
3 houses of worship, and some manufactures. An United 
States' navy-yard is here located. 

[pj A very healthy and pleasant town, Queen county, on the 
S. side of Long Island, which has 3 houses of worship and a 
flourishing a«:ademy. 

\<l\ Morris county, New-Jersey, on^,Rockaway river, which 
runs into the Passaic. This is a place of great resost in the 
summer season for the citizens of New-York, and for persons 
from various places in its vicinity, for purposes of health and 
amusement. 

[r] The E. extremity of Long Island, New-York, on which a 
lighi-house was erected by the national government in 1796. 



no 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW- YORK — Continued. 


No. 8. 




From New- York to Oyster 


Pond Point, L. /. 


TOWNS, &:c. 


Is 
li 


3|^ 


Rockoncama, as in No. 7. 


_ 




53 


Suffolk C. H. 


- 


26 


79 


Mattatuck, 


- 


9 


88 


Oysterpond Pointy 


- 


21 


109 


No. 9. 




From NeiV' York to Ocquapoiige, L, ./. 


Jamaica, as in No. 7. - 


- 




13 


Dix Hills, 


- 


27 


40 


Smith's Tavern, 


- 


10 


50 


Coram, 


- 


11 


61 


Wading River, 


- 


12 


73 


Oquapouge, 


- 


15 


88 



No. 10. 

From New- York to Huntington and Smith- 
town. 



Jamaica, as before, 


_ 




13 


Jerico, 


- 


16 


29 


Huntington, 


- 


11 


40 


Smithtown, [i\ 


- 


5 


4^ 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &:C. 171 

[s] Smithtowii, post-town, Suftblk county, New-York, en 
N. side of Long-Island ; 53 E, of New-York, WashingLon, 285. 
Population, 1,874. 



772 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW- YORK — Continued. 



No. 11. 

From New 'York to Albany ^ by the west side 
of Hudson River, 



TOWNS, &:c. 


si 


St . 

if 


Hoboken, N. J. [t] 


^ 






2 


iSew Durham, 


. 


* 


3 


3 


Hackinsack, [ii] 


w 


. 


9 


14 


Closter, 


. 


. 


8 


22 


New York State line, 


. 


_ 


3 


25 


Tappan, [v] 


^ 


« 


1 


26 


Nyack, 


- 


. 


5 


31 


Warren, 


« 


. 


7 


38 


Stony Point, 


. 


. 


5 


4S 


Gibraltar, 


« 


», 


4 


47 


West Point, [i^] 


- 


„ 


3 


50 


Canterbury-, 




. 


5 


55 


New Windsor, 


. 


_ 


3 


58 


Newburg, [x} 


. 


. 


2 


60 


Milton, 


. 


•• 


12 


72 


Pelham, 


- 


- 


12 


84 


Kingston, 


. 


. 


9 


93 


Cross Esopus Creek to Sa^ 


erties. 


12 


105 


Catskill, 


.- 


- 


12 


117 


Athens 


- 


- 


6 


123 


New Baltimore, 


-■ 


- 


14 


147 


Albany, 


~ 


- 


16 


162 



DESCRirXION OF TOV/NS, &C. 173 



it] Bergen county, opposite New-York state prison, which is 
1^ jnjles above the New- York city hall. The ])lace is remark- 
able as being the real spot where the tragedy was acted which 
closed the valuable life of Hamilton. 

[w] Post-town, and capital of Bergen county, built mostly of 
stone. It contains a court-house, academy, and 2 houses of 
worship. Population of the township is 3,000. It is situated 
on the Hackinsack river. 

[r] In Rockland county, Orangetown, New-York, on S. part 
of Tappan Bay, which is an expansion of the Hudson river. — 
Tappan is a small village, principally inhabited by the descend- 
ants of the Low Dutch or Hollanders, as are a number ef 
towns in the vicinity of New-York, on both sides of the Hud- 
son. In this (own, Major Andre, the British officer, suffered 
as a spy. 

[w] A military post in Cornwall, Orange county, New-York, 
on W. bank of the Hudson, at its passage through the highlands. 
The Military Academy established here under ihe direction of 
the general government, has professors of natural philosophy, 
mathematics, and the art of engineering — and teachers of 
French, drawing, and the sword exercise — a surgeon, chaplain, 
and 248 cadets. 

[a;] A large, flourishing-, and pleasantly situated village, en 
W. bank of the Hudson. Its trade is sufficient for the constant 
employment of 9 freighting vessels, from 90 to 120 tons, besides 
a number of smaller craft. Newburg contains a bank, an aca- 
demy, a library, 4 houses of worship, and nearly 3,000 inhabi- 
tants. The courts for the county are held alternately here and 
at Goshen. The academy is a large building, containing about 
100 students, and has a mathematical apparatus, and a library 
consisting of 6 or 700 volumes. There aie upwards of 40 dry 
good stores in the place, besides a variety of others. On Cham- 
beis's Creek, in the W. part of the town, are 14 mills of va- 
rious kinds. The suirounding country is very luxuriant. 



174 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — Continued, 



No. 12. ' 

From Neio-York to Saratogo Spmigs, and 
thence to Hopkinton and Hamilton^ by east 
side of the River. 



TOWNS, fcc. 



Kingsbridge on Harlem Creek, - 

Phillipsburg on Sawmill River, 

Tarrytown, 

Sing Sing, - - • 

Cross Croton River, - 

Croton, 

Verplank's Point, 

Peekskill, [y] 

Fishkill, on Fishkill Creek [z] - 

Cross Wapping Creek, 

Ponghkeepsie, [a] 

Hyde Park, 

Staatsburg, 

Rhinebeck, 

Clermont, 

.lanseas Creek, 

Hudson, [6] 

Columbianville, on Kinderhook ck 

Kinderhook Landing, [<:] 

Greenbush, 

Cross Hudson River to Albany, 



11 

(£5 






14 


5 


19 


10 


29 


6 


35 


3 


38 


1 


39 


5 


44 


2 


46 


20 


66 


5 


71 


9 


80 


6 


86 


6 


91 


6 


97 


13 


110 


1 


111 


12 


123 


6 


129 


5 


134 


18 


152 


1 


153 



DEScarpTiON OF TOWNS, kc, 115 

[y] In Courtland, West Chester county, New- York, on E. 
bank of the Hudson, near the mouth of Peekskill creek. It is 
a place of considerable trade, and has a printing-office. 

[s] Five miles W. of Fishkill Landings, on the Hudson. — ■ 
The township contains 5 houses of worship, and about 7,000 
inhabitants. At the landings, considerable business is done. 

[a] Poughkeepsie is situated on a plain about one mile from 
the E. side of the Hudson, where are 5 landings with wharves 
and large store -houses. The village contains a bank, an aca- 
demy, 5 houses of worship, and a population of nearly 4,000. 
It is situated in a rich agricultural county, and enjoys an ex- 
tensive trade. Three newspapers are published here. It is the 
capital of Dutchess county, New-York. 

[6] The city of Hudson was laid out in 1784, and had a 
xemarkably rapid rise in a few years. Its site is elevated, and 
commands an extensive view of the Hudson river and its adja- 
cent scenery. It has 4 houses of worship, 2 banks, and an aca- 
demy; it has considerable trade and extensive manufactures. 
Population nearly 3,000. 

[c] Columbia county, New-York, on E. side of the Hudson. 
Population nearly 4,000. It contains several valuable mills 
and manufactories, and an academy. The principal village is 
. at some distance from the landing, at which place is a post vil- 
lage. 



176 



STATE ROADS, 



NEW-YORK — Continued. 



TOWNS, &C. 


!1 


m 


Schenectady, 


46 


169 


Cross Mohawk River to Long T. 


8 


177 


Balston Springs, 


3 


180 


Saratoga Springs, 


8 


188 


Glenn's Falls, Hudson River, - 


18 


206 


Caldwell head of Lake George {d\ 


10 


216 


Cross E. Branch of Hudson River 






to Chester, 


11 


227 


Scroon Lake, 


5 


232 


Road Forks, 


20 


262 


Cross E. Branch River and Sable, 


18 


270 


Elba Iron works on W. Branch do. 


12 


282 


Saranac River, 


4 


286 


River St. Regis E Branch, 


17 


303 


Hopkenton, 


22 


325 


Potsdam, on Racket River, [e] - 


14 


339 


Columbus, on Grass River 


10 


349 


Hamilton, 


9 


358 



No. 13. 

Route from Neiv-York City, to Albany, 
Montpelier, and Quebec, 



Albany, as in No. 12. - 




163 


Troy, 


6 


169 


Fort Edward, 


40 


199 


Whitehall, [/] 


23 


222 


Shoreham, - ' 


33 


255 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. IT? 



[rf] A beautiful lake of clear water, surrounded by high 
mountains covered with evergreens. It lies south of Lake 
Champlain, with which it communicates by an outlet. This 
outlet in its course to Lake Champlain, descends more than 100 
feet. The delightful scenery in the vicinity of Lake George, 
makes it an object to travellers in quest of natural beauties. — 
]t is well stored with various kinds of fish. 

[ej A flourishing town containing about 1,000 inhabitants.— 
On the Racket River are falls which afford fine seats for mills 
and manufactories. A weekly newspaper is published here. 

[/] A small thriving village, situated on both sides of Wood 
creek, at its entrance into Lake Champlain, and at the head of 
navigation on the Lake, 65 miles N. of Albany, 105 S. of St. 
John's. It has 4 churches, and 2,341 inhabitants. Here is a 
lock in the nortiien. canal, which connects it with the above 
lake. 



>78 



STATE ROADS. 



N E w- Y o R K — Continued, 



TOWNS, &C. 


11 




Vergennes, [g] 


20 


275 


Burlington, []i\ 


22 


297 


Montpelier, 


38 


335 


St. Albans, \i\ 


24 


359 


Highgate, 


10 


369 


St. Johns, [j] 


27 


396 


Montreal, 


22 


418 


Three Rivers, [k\ 


75 


493 


Quebec, 


85 


478 



No. 14. 

From New- York to Ogdensburg^ by Ballston 
Springs and Chester* 



Chester, as in No. 12, 


. 




227 


Cross a Branch of Hudson 


Riv. m 


20 


247 


Cross Main Branch of do. 


- 


9 


256 


Do. of Hudson, near its source, 


11 


267 


Long Lake, 


- 


5 


272 


Tapper's Lake, 


- 


14 


386 


Head of Grass River, 


- 


7 


293 


Russell, on Grass River, 


- 


32 


325 


Canton, on do. 


- 


12 


337 


Natural Canal, 


• 


4 


341 


Ogdensburg, 


^ 


15 


S5^ 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <SzC. 179 

— ' . 1. . ' - ■ ■ . 

Ig] Situated on both sides of tho Otter creek, in Addisori 
county, Vermont, at the head of navigation, 6 miles above 
Basin Harbour, at the mouth of the river. It was incorporated 
as a city several years ago, and is 1 mile square. It has a 
pleasant situation, and contains a number of mills and manu- 
factories, and has considerable trade. Population, nearly 
1,000. 

{h\ Handsomely situated on Lake Champlain, the ground 
gradually ascending from the water. This is the most com- 
mercial town in Vermont. The Vermont University, a large 
brick building, stands a little E. of the town, 1 mile distant 
from Lake Champlain, commanding an extensive and delightful 
view in every direction. This college was vacated during the 
last was, the effects of which suspension it has hardly yet re- 
covered. At the falls on Union river, 1 mile distant, there is 
another village of about SO houses, and a variety of mills and 
manufactories. Burliftgton contains a court-house, jail, aca- 
demy, 2 churchs, 160 dwelling-houses, 50 stores, offices, and 
shops, and 2,111 inhabitants. 

[i] The last town in the United States in this direction ; it is 
a pleasant village, and capital of Franklin county, on Lake 
Champlain, in the N. W. corner of Vermont, containing the 
county buildings, an academy, and a population of 1,636. • 

[jl A miserable old town in Canada, on the W. side of Cham- 
bly, 18 miles N. Lake Champlain, containing' about 100 small 
dilapidating houses, mostly on one street. It has a custom- 
house, and was establislied in 1796 as the sole port of entry and 
clearance of all goods imported from the interior of the United 
States. 

\k] Or Trois Rivieres, Lower Canada, at the entrance of 
the St. Maurice into the St. Lawrence. It derives its name from 
the circumstance of 2 islands lying at the mouth of the St. 
Maurice, which cause 3 channels, having the appearance of 3 
rivers. It is considered the third town in Lower Canada, and 
was formerly the capital of the French Govemment. It is now 
of but little consequence, containing the Ursuline convent, the 
Protestant and Catholic churches, the court-house, jail, and 
■barracks, and 2,500 inhabitants. 

[I] Or North river, N. Y, rises in a mountainous country 
west of Lake Champlain, in the counties of Essex and Mont- 
gomery, about Lai. 44 N. and communicates with the ocean 
below New- York city. It runs almost in a straight course S. 
for 200 miles. The largest ships are navigated as far as 
Hudson, steamboats to Albany, and sloops to Troy, the head 
of tide water. The banks of the Hudson present a beautiful 
picturesque scenery, and a number of flourishing town?. 



ISO 



STATE R0ABS 



NEW-YORK — Continued, 



No. 15. 
From New- York to Ogdensburg, by the Fish 
House, 



TOWNS, &c. 



Albany, hy Water, 
Schenectady, 
Gal way, 
Fish House, 
Cross Sagondaga River 
Recross do do - 
Lake Pleasant, 
Jessup's River, 
Head of Moose River, 
Head of Racket River, 
Oswagatchie River, 
Re-cross do. do. 
Russell, 
Ogdensburg, 



16 

18 

9 

12 

8 

7 

15 

3 

26 

11 

20 

31 



E^' 



^fc; 



141 
157 
175 

184 

196 
204 
211 
226 
229 
255 
266 
286 
317 



No. 16. 
From Albany to Niagara Falls, by Western 
Turnpike. 



Schenectady, [m] 


~ 


15 


Amsterdam, 


12 


27 


Little Falls, 


43 


70 


Utica, [n] ■: 


24 


94 


Onondao'a, [o] 


52 


146 


Auburn, [/>] 


24 


170 


Canandaigua, [9] 


38 


208 



M 



DESCRIPTION or TOW.VS. &:c. 1 8 i. 



[m] The township of Schenectady has a population of abou£ 
6^000. The city is situated on S. E. side of the Mohawk, across 
which at this piace there is a fine bridge of 99? feet in length. 
This city is regularly laid out, and contains 4 houses of wor- 
ship, a bank, an academy for young, ladies, and a college. A 
little east of the city, in a commanding situation, are the build- 
ings of Union Collge, a respectable and flourishing institution. 

[n] Utica is situated on-the soutli bank of JVlohawk river, 
an enterprising thriving village. Since the northern canal has 
gone into operation, this place has rapidly increased in business 
and population. It is a place of n^.uch wealth, and situated 
in a fertile part of the state. It contains a court-house, 3 
banks, an insurance office, and 5 houses of worship, besides 
many manufacturing and commercial establishments. Popula- 
tion rising 2,000; ii weekly newspapers are published here. 

[o] A large town, consisting of two villages, Onondaga Hollow 
and West Hill. At West Hill, which is 2 miles distant from 
the other part of the town, are a court-house, printing-office, 
and jail. Onondaga Hollow contains a state arsenal, an aca- 
demy, a meeting-house, printing-office, and considerable manu- 
factures. 200 Indians of the Onondaga tribe live 3 miles South 
of this village. A number of the same tribe reside on Buffalo 
Oteek, the Alleghany, and on the Ousp, in Upper Canada. 

\p] A delightful village, situated at the N. end of Owasco 
Lake; it has a court-house, a bank, and several mills and 
manufactories, 284 dwelling houses, and 2,025 inhabitants. 
Here is a large states prison, 3 stories high, and 276 feet in 
length. Three newspapers are published at Aubern. 

[9] Situated at the outlet of Canandaigua Lake ; is a place 
of considerable trade. It has an academy, Branch Bank of 
Utica, a state arsenal, and 3 houses of worship. The soil 
around is highly fertile and luxuriant. Population, between 2 
^id 3,000, 



182 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — Continued, 






TOWNS, &C. 


t: s 


.2 six 
^.2 


Genesee River, 
Buffalo, [r] 
Blackrock, 
Falls of Niagara, 


26 

60 

3 

19 


234 
294 

297 
316 



No. 17. 

From New- York to Oswego Harbour, on 

Lake Ontario. 



Borne, as in No. 1 8, [5J 




250 


Fish Creek, 


9 


259 


Rotterdam, on Oneida Lake. - 


20 


279 


Portage, on Seneca River, 


24 


303 


Fort Oswego, 


12 


315 


Cross Onondaga Riv to Osicego [t] 







No. 18. 
From New- York to Le Baysville and Alex- 
andria^ by Johnson, 



Albany, as in 


No. 15, 


- 




141 


Tripe's Hill, 


• 


- 


37 


178 


.Johnson, 


- 


- 


6 


184 


East Canada 


Creek, 


- 


21 


205 


West Canada 


Creek, 


- 


25 


230 


Boonville, 


- 


- 


18 


248 


Deer River, 


- 


- 


34 


282 


Black River, 


- 


- 


9 


291 


Le Baysvillef 


- 


- 


3 


294 


Theresa, 


-■ 


••' 


12 


306 


Alexandria, 


- 


«• 


10 


316 



DESCRIPTION or TOWNS, SzC, 18-^ 

[r] A place of some note during the last war, when it was 
burnt by the British ; it has since been rebuilt, and is now a 
handsome town of considerable business, containing a court- 
house, banl?, and jail. Population 1,100. It is a port of 
entry, and capital of Niagara co. bounded on the west, by 
Lake Erie and the Niagara. This town being situated on the 
great line nf communication between the eastern and western 
country, seems destined to be a place of wealth and impor- 
tance ; the harbour of Buffalo is 2 miles down the rivei at 
Black Rock. 

[s| A pleasant flourishing towrl, situated on the Erie Canal, 
13 miles VV.N.W from Utica, and 108 W.N.W. from Albany. 
It is the semi capital of Oneida county, has considerable trade, 
and a population of 3,569. 

[/] Capital of Oswego co. New-York, at the mouth of thcr 
Oswego, 114 miles W. of Utica, A flourishing village, and a 
place of considerable commerce^ mostly in salt ; large quanti- 
ties of which are brought here from the salt works, at Liver^ 
pool and Selina, and exported. Population, 1000. 



.'84 



STATE ROADS. 



xNEw-YORK — Continued, 



No. 19. 
From NeiO'York to Sacketfs Harb. by Rome, 



TOWNS. &C. 


• £ 




Albany, as in No. 17, 




141 


Utica, as in No. 16, 


94 


235 


Whitesboro' 


4 


239 


Cross Mohawk River to Rome, 


11 


230 


Furnace, E. Branch of Fish Creek, 


11 


261 


^>ahiion River, 


20 


281 


Smith's Mills, Salmon Creek, - 


24 


305 


Sackett's Harbour, 


10 


315 



No. 20. 
From New- York to the Falls of Niagara, by 
the Grand Canal and Ridge Road. 



Utica, as be I ore, 


- 




242 


Enter the Grand Canal to Rome, 


15 


257 


Cross Oneida Creek, 


- 


25 


282 


Cross Chitinengo River, [ii] 


- 


20 


302 


Onondaga Lake & Salt Works [v] 


15 


317 


Cross Skeneateless Outlet, 


- 


'20 


337 


Cross Seneca River, 


- 


12 


349 


Lauraville, 


- 


6 


355 


Lyons, 


- 


10 


365 


Palmyra, 


- 


15 


380 


Pittsford, 


. 


20 


400 


Rochester, [w'] 




8 


408 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SiC. 185 

[7^J 25 miles long, it rises in Cazenovia, aiu] runs into Onei- 
da Lake, which Lake is 20 miles long and 4 broad. It receives 
Wood creek on E. end, and communicates with Lake Ontario 
by the Oswego. 

[v] In Onandago county, N. Y. 7 miles long and 2 broad. 
It discharges its waters from N. end, into Seneca river. Here 
are extensive salt works. Seneca river has a course of 60 
miles into the Oswego. 

[to] In Gates, Genesee co. N. Y. at the Falls of the Genesee 
river, about 6 miles from its mouth. It is a place of considera- 
ble business. Its exports consist of flour, pot and pearlashes, 
and a variety of other domestic produce. A weekly newspa^ier 
is nuWished here. 



•*I6 



1B6 



STATE ROADS, 



NEw-Yo RK — Continued, 






TOWNS, &C. 






1 


Cross Genesee River by 

Road to Parma, [pc] 
Murray, 

Oak Orchard Creek, 
Willink's Creek, 
Lewistown, [if] 
Manchester, ) 
Falls of Niagara, \ 


Ridge 


12 
6 
21 
21 
18 

7 


120 
126 

447 

486 
493 



No. 21. 

i^rom New- York to the Falls of Niagara, hy 
Newburg and Montrose. 



Neivbiirg, as in No. 11, 
Montgomery, [z] 
Cross Wallkill River, [a] 
Cross Shewangunk Kill 

Bloomsburg, 
Mamakaton, 
Monticello, 
Mongaup River, 
White Lake, 
Brown's, 
Cross Delaware River to Damas 

cus. Pa. [6] 
Forbes, 
Cross Dy berry Creek,- 



to 





60 


12 


72 


12 


84 


3 


87 


11 


98 


6 


103 


4 


105 


4 


109 


10 


119 


6 


125 


4 


129 



DESCRItTIQN OF TOWTS'S, kc. 187 

[x] Genesee river rises in Pennsylvania, and runs N. through 
N. Y. into L. Ontario. This river has a number of Falls, but 
is navigable for boats a distance of 70 miles. It waters an 
excellent tract of land, having alluvial flats extensive and fer- 
tile. 

[y] Niagara co. N. Y. on the Niagara, opposite Queens- 
town. The place was burnt by the British in 1813, but is now 
rebuilt and increasing. 

[z] A large valuable township, containing 9 houses of wor- 
ship, and a population of 5,000. It has a village with an aca- 
demy. 

[a] Wallkill river rises in New-Jersey, and runs N. E. a 
course of 80 miles, and flows into the Hudson near Kingston, 
passing through the Drowned Lands. 

[b] The Delaware river rises in Catskill mountains, N« Y, 
In Its course it separates Pennsylvania from New- York and 
New- Jersey, and empties itself in Delaware Bay, about 5 miles 
below Newcastle. It is navigable for 74 gun ships to Philadel- 
phia 55 miles, for sloops to Trenton N. J. 90 miles, and for 
boats loo miles further. The whole length from its source t» 
"he bay is about 300 miles, 



188 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-roRK — Continued, 




TOWNS, &C. 




u 








<£q 


a i 


Centreville, 


„ 


11 


140 


Cross Lackawannock Creek, 


head 






branch to Belmont, 


- 


2 


142 


Lackawannock Creek, 


- 


2 


144 


Tunkhannock Creek, 


- 


6 


149 


Ward's, 


- 


10 


159 


Montrose, 


- 


10 


169 


Falls of Niagara, 


- 


239 


408 



No. 22. 

From Neio- York to the Falls of Niagara^ by 

the Hamburg Turnpike and Montrose, 



Newark, N J. 


- 




11 


Belleville, [c] 


- 


3 


14 


Equanouk, 


- 


5 


19 


Patterson, fd] 


- 


6 


25 


Prackness, 


_ 


5 


30 


Prompton, 


- 


5 


35 


Sanptown, 


- 


15 


50 


Hamburg, 


- 


6 


56 


Cross Delaware 


Kiy, to Milford.Fd. 


18 


74 


Shoholy Creek, 


- 


12 


^6 


Walenpaupack Creek, 


13 


99 


Lackawannock 


Creek, 


11 


110 


Tunkhannock Creek 


5 


115 


Montrose, 


.- 


13 


128 


Falls of Niagara 


, as before. 


239 


367 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &G. 189 

[c] Essex county, N. J. on the Passaic. It is a healthy 
pleasant village, containing an academy and 3 houses of wor- 
ship. 

\d] Patterson is situated at the Great Falls of the Passaic, 
and contains a bank, printing office, and 2 churches. It is a 
pleasant but small town, with about 300 inhabitants, and haa 
scveial manufactures. The Passaic river runs S. into Newark 
Bay, and is navigable for small vessels 10 miles. It is chiefly 
remarkable on account of a Fall 60 or 70 feet at Pattersoo ; 
this Fall is considered a great natural curiosity, and is much 
viiited for the beautiful and sublime prospect which it affordsv 



190 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — Continued. 



No. 23. 
From New York to Amhoy^ across Staten 



Island, 



TOWNS, &C. 


•^ V 
Z c 

z. — 
«.i 

a. Ci 

8 
8 

1 


111 


Cross New York Bay to Castletoii 

Staten Island, [e] - 
Richmond, 
Ferrv, West End, 
Amboijj 


5 
13 

21 

22 



No. 24., 
J>om iVis?/;- YorA: /o Sandy Hook Light-house, 
Long Branch, and thence to Ca^e May, by 
land alons the coast. 



By Water. 






The Narrows, [/] 




8 


Sandy Hook [g] 


11 


19 


By Land, 






Old Shrewsbury Inlet, \h} 


7 


26 


Long Branch, 


6 


32 


Deal, 


B 


37 


Squam Bridge, 


12 


49 


Toms River Bridge, - , - 


12 


61 


Good Luck, 


6 


67 


Wire Town, 


8 


75 


Hocking,' 


9 


84 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <^C, 191 

[e] Richmond co. New-York, on N. end of Staten Island. 
The quarantine and health establishment of the city of New- 
York are in tliis town ; also the marine hospital, which can ac- 
commodate 2 or 300 sick. Population of Castletown is between 
1 and 2000 ; that of the island rising 6,000. 

[/] Channel between Long Island and Staten Island, con- 
necting New-York Bay with the Atlantic. The channel is 
1,905 feet wide, defended by strong forts on both sides. 

[g-] A small Island on the coasl? of New-Jersey, in Middleton 
township. It was once a peninsula. Sandy Hook forms a fire 
large harbour. And at its N. Point stands a light house, Lon,. 
72.2 W. Lat. 40.26 N. 

[A] Shrewsbury, Monmouth co. N. J. The village is plea- 
santly situated, and is much resorted to in summer by persons 
from Philadelphia and New-York. It has 2 places of worship. 
The township \s large, and contains about 4C00 ifthabitauts. 



192 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — Continued. 



TOWNS, ^C, 


of 5 


E -^ 

Hi 


Tuckertoih, 

Little Egg Harbour River,' [i] - 

Somerset Point, 

Great Egg Harbour River, [j] - 

Corsons, 

Cape May C. H. 

Co d Spring, 

The Cape, \Jc] 


8 
2 

14 
1 
7 

12 
7 
3 


92 
94 
108 
109 
116 
128 
136 
138 



No. 26. 

From New-York to Schooh/s Mountain^ and 
thence to Easton and Philadelphia. 



Newark, 




11 


Passaic River, 


11 


22 


Morristown, [/] 


7 


29 


Mend ham. 


6 


So 


Top of Schooly's Mountain, [m] 


12 


47 


Phillipsburg, 


24 


71 


Cross Delaware River to Easton[n] 


1 


72 


Cross Lehigh R. to Durham Cr. 


9 


81 


Thickson Creek, 


10 


91 


Doylstown, 


10 


101 


Neshaming Creek, 


2 


103 


Willow Grove, 


10 


113 


Philadelphia, 


14 


127 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC. 193 

[i] Burlington CO. New-Jersey, on a bay of the same name, 
A small village here is called Clam Tov.ii, having some tradQ 
and shipping, amounting to 2000 tons. 

[;J Great Egg Harbour Bay, on the coast of NeW'Jersey. 
Lon. 74.30 W. Lat. 39.20 N. 

[/c] Cape May en the coast of New-Jersey, at the Delaware 
Bay, is in Lon. 74.52 W. Lat. 38.57, 18 miles north E. Cape 
Henlopen. Large parties resort here every summer from New- 
York city and Philadelphia, for the purpose of sea bathing. 

[l] Capital of Morris CO. New Jersey, handsomely situated 
on a plain. It is a place of some business, and contains a 
court-house, bank, jail, academy, and 3 houses of worship. A 
newspaper is published here. 

[m] From G«rman village, at the foot of Schooly's mountain 
to its top, the road ascends for 2 miles. Here are mineral 
springs which, together with the salubrity of the atmosphere, 
make it a place of great resort during the warm season. 

[n] Capital of Northampton co. Pennsylvania, on W. side of 
the Delaware, at the junction of the Lehigh. It is regularly 
laid out, and is a pleasant town of considerable business. A 
fine bridge is here erected across the Delaware 570 feet in 
length, from which may be seen an extensive and delightful 
prospect. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 banks, 2 churches, 
an academy, and a population of nearly 2000. The Lehigh is 
75 miles in length. 



1? 



194 



^TATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — Continued. 



No. 26. 
From New- York to Pittsburgh by Easton and 
Reading, 



TOWNS, &C. 



Easton^ as in No. 25, 

Bethlehem^ [o] 

Cross Lehigh Riv. to Northampton 

Donneys, 

Bordts, 

Trixler's, 

Haus's, 

Kutstown, 

Slichter's, on Center Turnpike, 

Readings [p] 

Harrisburg, 

Cross Susqiiehannah R. King's T. 

Carlisle^ [q] 

Stoughstown, 

Shippensburg^ 

Green Village, - . - 

Cfumibersburg, fr] 

Cross Conococheague Creek, E 

Branch to St. Thomas, 
Cross Conococheague C -eek, W. 

Branch, to Loudc^town, 
Top of Tuscaroora Mn. 
Mt, Connelstoivn, 
Bedford, 
Pittsburg, as in Pa. No. 



u a 



cua 



, o 





72 


11 


83 


6 


89 


3 


92 


2 


94 


3 


97 


4 


101 


5 


106 


11 


117 


6 


123 


62 


176 


11 


186 


6 


192 


13 


205 


7 


212 


6 


143 


5 


148 


7 


165 


6 


161 


3 


164 


2 


166 


31 


197 


98 


296 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &€. 195 

[oj A beautiful romantic village on the Lehigh. The town 
is regularly laid out. It was at first settled by Moravians,, 
and still inhabited mostly by their descendants. Here is the 
celeb rated Moravian Academyj for young ladies. The houses 
are principally built of stone. Population, 1,500. 

[/> ] Borough and capital of Berks co. Pennsylvania, on the 
Schuylkill, inhabited chiefly by Germans. It contains a court- 
bouse, market-house, jail, 2 banks, a large building for public 
offices, and 4 houses of worship. The road from Reading to 
JVew York city, is very smooth, and the country presents much 
interesting scenery. 

[g] Capital of Cumberland co. regularly laid out, and builr 
chiefiy of stone and brick, it is settled principally by emigrants 
from England, Ireland, and Scotland, and tiie native high 
Dutch. Dickinson College is here located ; its operations were 
suspended for a number of years, but it has been lately reor- 
ganized. Carlisle contains a court-house, jail, a market house, 
town hall, 2 banks, and 7 houses of worship. 

[r] Situated on elevated ground at the confluence of Falling 
Spring and Conococheague Creek, where are erected a large 
merchant mill, a paper mill, a fulling mill, oil mill, 2 brewe- 
ries, and a spinning factory. This town is a great thorough 
fare, situated on the main public route from Philadelphia, 
and Baltimore, to Pittsburg. There are in this town between 
3 and 400 houses, and 7 houses of worship, with other public 
buildings. Population, 2,304. 



i9€ 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — Continued. 



No. 27. 
From New-York to Goshen, throus^h N. J. 







« z 


5 > . 


TOWNS, 


&c. 




Ill 

^ 2 


Hoboken, 


. 




2 


Belleville, 


- 


9 


11 


Equakinouk, 


« 


5 


16 


Patterson, 


.. 


6 


22 


Prackness, 


. 


6 


27 


New- York State Line, 


18 


45 


Sii^ar Loaf, 


- 


12 


57 


Chester, 


- 


3 


60 


Goshen, [si 


- 


4 


64 



No. 28. 
From Kingston to Ithica. 



Shandycan, 


- 


_ 




21 


Paghkatakan, 


- 


- 


20 


41 


Delhi, [t] 


« 


. 


27 


68 


Unadilla, 


-•. 


- ■■ 


23 


91 


Guildford, 


-^ 


. 


11 


102 


Oxford, 


-. 


- 


8 


110 


Center, 


- 


- 


21 


131 


Itkica, [u] 


- 


- 


30 


161 



No. 29. 
From Albany to Chenango Point, 



Saekets, 

Rensselaerville, 

Livingstonville, 



DESCRIPTION Oi' TOWNS, (SsC. > 197 

[s] Orange co. New-York, celebrated for the productions of 
the dairy. It is an excellent agricultural town, in a rich fertile 
county, and includes a part of the Drowned Lands. The 
courts for the county are held alternately at Goshen- and New- 
burg. Three newspapers are published here. The town is 
pleasantand flourishing, and contains rising 3,000 inhabitants. 

[/] Capital of Delaware cd. on the Delaware. The town- 
ship is large, and contains between 2 and 3,000 inhabitants. 
Near its centre there is a pleasant small village, in which are 
the county buildings, and 40 or 50 dwelling houses. 

[m] Ithica, the capital of Tompkin's co. is situated at the 
south end of Cayuga Lake, at the entrance of Fall Creek. It 
is a flourishing town, with a court-housej a jail, and 859 in- 
habitants. 



198 



iTATE ROADS, 



NEW- YORK — Continued' 



TOWNS, 


&c. 




!3.3 


si 


Harpersfield, 


- 


. 


27 


60 


Cortright, 


- 


- 


6 


65 


Meredith, 


- 


- 


10 


73 


Unadilla, 


. 


. 


21 


96 


Jerico, 


-- 


^ 


9 


103 


Colesville, 


- 


- 


12 


117 


Chenango Pt. 


- 


- 


13 


132 



No. 30. 

From Albany to Deposit, and thence to Great 

Bend, Perinsylvania, 



Livingstonville, 


as in last No. 




33 


Gilboa, 


- 


18 


51 


Waterville, 


. 


13 


64 


Broomville, 


- 


9 


73 


Delhi, 


- 


8 


81 


Walton, 


- 


16 


97 


Cockquago, 


- 


16 


113 


Deposit, 


- 


6 


119 


Great Bend, 


- 


12 


131 



No. 31. 
From Plattshurg [v\ to St. Regis, 



Duerville, 


- 


- 




12 


Chataugay, 


- . 


- 


28 


40 


Bombay, 


- 


- 


27 


67 


St. Ec^^is, 


- 


- 


9 


76 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 199 

[v] Plattsburg, the capital of Clinton co. New- York, is on 
west side of Lake Champlain, at the mouth of the Saranac, on 
which liver are the United States'" barracks, 4 niiles above the 
village. This town derives some consequence from being the 
place where, in the last war, 2,500 Americans effectually re- 
sisted a British force of 14,000 men ; and in a bay before this 
town, Commodore M'Donough gained a complete victory over 
the British fleet. Plattsburg contains a court-house, a jail, a 
presbyterian church, an academy, a bank, and printing office, 
and upwards of 3,000 inhabitants. 



200 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — Continued, 



No. 32. 
From Plattshurg to Sackett'^s Harbour, 



TOWNS, 


kc. 




11 


«5 

O 2 


Chataugay, 


as in last No. 


- 




40 


Malone, 




- 


- 


12 


52 


Hopkinton, 




- 


- 


27 


79 


Pierrepont, 




•s 


- 


21 


100 


Russel, 




- 


- 


9 


109 


Carthage^ 




- 


- 


45 


154 


Warterton, 




- 


- 


18 


172 


Sackett's Harbour 


' b^'] 


- 


10 


182 



No. m. 

From Utica to Carthage, by Port Glasgoic 



Caneserao:o, 




33 


Younf2;sville, 


13 


46 


Cross Great Canal, 


6 


52 


Salina Saltworks, [x] - 


2 


54 


Liverpool, 


3 


57 


Baldwinsville, 


9 


66 


Port Glasgow, 


34 


100 


Troupsville, 


7 


107 


Gerundegut Bay, 


30 


137 


Carthage, 


7 


144 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, ^C. 201 

[w] Port of entry in Hounsfield, Jefferson co. New- York, at 
the mouth of Black river, on Hungry Bay, and E. of Lake 
Ontario. It has one of the finest harbours on the Lake ; a 
weekly newspaper is published here, and the town bins fair to 
become a place of extensive trade ; having flourished and in- 
creased in population considerably sinoe the last war 

[,rj Onondago co. New- York, containing the principal salt» 
works in the state, which produced in one year 55i,716 bushels 
of salt. The township consists &f 4 post villages ; Salina, 
Syracuse, Liverpool and Geddesburg. The villages of Salina 
and Liverpool, contain each about 100 dwelling houses, and 
about half that number of buildings for the manufactory 
of salt. 



202 



STATE ROADS 



NEW- YORK — Continued. 

No. 34. 

From Albany to Pittsburgh by Cherry Valley^ 
Geneva and Hamilton. 



TOWNS, &:c. 


>> IT 

II 


If 


Hamilton, 


„ 




8 


Duanesburg, 


. 


12 


20 


Cherry Valley, [y] 


" 


?5 


65 


Sangerfield, [z] 


- 


36 


91 


Manlius, 


- 


33 


124 


Seneca Falls, 


- 


46 


170 


Geneva, 


- 


10 


180 


Hopetown on Crooked Lake outlet, 


15 


195 


Wayne, head of Little Lake 


) 


17 


212 


Head of Crooked Lake, 




9 


221 


Bath, 


. 


8 


229 


Canisteo, 


. 


20 


249 


Angelica, 


. 


20 


269 


Hamilton, 


. 


32 


301 


Cross Allegany River toPennj 


?ylva- 






nia State Line, 


- 


6 


307 


Kenjua Creek, 


- 


20 


327 


Toby's Creek, 


. 


35 


362 


Kittanning, 


- 


45 


407 


Pittsburg, 


- 


38 


445 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. 20S 

[y] Cherry Valley, post-town, Otsego county, New- York; 
14 N. E. Cooperstown, 53 W. Albany, Washington, 384.—^ 
Population in 1810, 2,775— in 1820, 3,684. Here is a large, 
handsome, and finely situated village, which contains an aca- 
demy, a raee ting-house, a printing-office, and has considerable 
trade. The 1st, 2d, and 3d Western Turnpikes meet here, and 
are intersected by other large roads. 

[s] Sangerfield, post-town, Oneida county, New-York ; 15 
S. by W. Utica, Washington 375. Population, 2,011. It is 
a considerable town, and contains a priutingoffice, from which 
Is issued a weekly newspaper. 



204 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — Continued, 



No. 35. 

From Biiffaloe to Sacketfs Harbour^ and 

thence to Montr eaL 



TOWNS, &c. 



Falls of Nl\gara, [«] 

Lewistown, 

By Steamboat, 

Fort Niagra entrance of Lake On- 
tario. 

Genesee, 

Great Sod us Bay, 

Oswego River, 

Stonj Point, 

Sackett's Harbour, 

Cape Vincent, entrance of St. Law- 
ence River, 

Alexandria, 

Morristown, 

Ogdensbiirg^ [6] 

By Durham Boats, 
Gallop Rapids, 
Hamilton, 
Long Saut Island, 
Grass River, 
St. Regis, 

Grand J. and Rapids, end of Lake 
Francis\ 



£q 



7 
74 
S5 
28 
30 
12 

22 
25 
23 
13 



6 
10 
17 
10 

5 

30 



DESCRIl'TiON OF TOWNS, &C. 205 

[a] The. cataract of Kiagara is esteemed the grandest objectj 
of the kind in the world. The distance of the falls above lake 
Ontario is 14 miles, and below lake Erie 23 miles on the Amer- 
ican side, 21 on the Canada side. At the distance of! S-* m. 
above the falls the river begins to descend with a rapid and pow- 
erful current. At the falls it turns vvith a right angle to the NE,, 
and is suddenly contracted in width ftom 3 miles to 3 4ths of a 
mile Below the falls the river is only about 1-2 m. wide, but its 
deptli is said to exceed 300 feet. The precipice over which the 
cataract descends, is formed by the brow of a vast bed of lime 
stone : and the perpendicular descent, according to major Pres- 
cott's survey. Is ISlfeet. The descent is perpendicular, except 
that the rocks are hollowed underneath the surface, particularly 
on the western side. The cataract is divided into two parts by 
Goat or Iris Island, which occupies about one 5th or 6th of the 
whole breadth. The principal channel is on the western side, 
and is called the Horse-shoe fall from its shape. The eastern 
channel is divided by another little island. The descent on 
the eastern side is greater by a few feet than on the other, but 
the water is more shallow. The noise of these falls is frequent- 
ly heard at York, 50 miles distant , and the cloud of vapour 
thrown is seen 70 miles. The descent within 10 miles is about 
300 feet, and from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario 329 feet. The 
quantity of water discharged in an hour, is computed, by Dr. 
Dwight, at 102,093,750 tons. The spray which rises from the 
water, serves as a medium for forming by the sun's rays the 
most brilliant rainbows. 

[6] Post-village in Oswegatchie, and capital St. Lawrence 
CO, N. Y., at the confluence of the Oswegatchie WiLh the St. 
Lawrence; 116 N. Utica ; 205 E. by N. York, Canada, 212 
IVW. Albany, W. 51b. It is a thriving village, has a safe and 
spacious hardour, and contains the county buildings, a number 
of store houses, a printing office, from which is issued a week- 
ly newspaper, and has considerable trade ; and some mills and, 
manufactories. 



18 



20G 



STATE ROADS. 



ivEw-YORK — Continued. 



TOWNS, &€. 


ctf J 

if 




Rapides de Cedres, 
Cascades and entrance of 
St. Louisj 

By Steamboat, 
La Chine, end of Lake St. 
By Stae;es to Montreal, [r] 


Lake 
Louis 


7 
5 

16 

7 


382 
387 

403 
410 



No. 26, 

From Buffalo to Detroit^ and thence to 
Macklnaiv and Green Bay, by steamboat. 



Dunkirk, id} 


• - 




45 


Erie, 


- 


45 


90 


Fairport, Moutli of Grand Kii 


ier, 


60 


150 


Cleveland, 


m 


30 


180 


Sandusky Bay, 


- 


55 


?35 


Detroit, 


•• 


71 


306 


Entrance of L. Huron, 


- 


124 


430 


Fort Mackinaw, 


- 


198 


628 


Green Bay, 


- 


180 


808 


No. 37. 






From Buffalo to Detroit. 


by Land, 




Fredonia, 


- 




43 


Portland, 


- 


17 


60 


Pennsylvania State Line, 


!■ 


12 


72 


Erie, 


- 


18 


90 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <&:C. 207 

[cj Town in Lower Canada, the second in rank in the pro- 
vince, in a district of the same name, 180 miles above Quebec, 
200 below Lake Ontario, 243 N. Albany, 300 N. by W. Boston. 
Lon. 73 35. W. Lat. 45. 31. N. Pop. in 1809, estimated at- 
16,000 ; in l82l, 18,767. H. 2,274 It is situated on S. side 
of the island of Montreal, in the St. Lawrence, at the head of 
ship navigation. The harbour, though not large, is always se- 
cure for shipping during the time the navigation of the river is 
open, and vessels drawing 15 feet water can lie close to the 
shore. The general depth of water is from 3 to 4 1-2 fathoms. 
The greatest inconvenience is the rapid of St. Mary, about a 
mile below, whose current is so powerful that without a strong 
N E. wind, vessels cannot stem it. 

Montreal is divided into Upper and Lower towns, one, how- 
ever, is but little elevated above the other. The streets are for 
the most part laid out in a regular manner ; generally rather nar- 
row ; but the new ones are of convenient width. The houses 
are mostly built of greyish stone, with the roofs covered with 
sheet iron or tin ; manyof thena large, handsome, and in a mod- 
ern style ; seldom of more than 2 stories. The streets have a 
dull uniformity, and the city has heretofore been described by 
travellers as of an extremely heavy and gloomy appearance, but 
has of late been much improved, and may now be styled tolera- 
bly handsome. 

The principle public buildings are the general hospital, the 
Hotel Uieu, the convent of N(;tre Dame, the French cathe- 
dral, the English church, the old monastery of Franciscans con- 
verted into barracks, the college, the seminary, the court house, 
the Government bouse, bank, &c. Montreal is the grand depot 
of the greatest company of N. America, who carry on the fur trade, 
and whose concerns are of vast extent and importance. It is 
also the channel through which the commerce is carried on be- 
tween Canada and the U.S. — A canal from Montreal to La 
Chine was commenced in 1821. The district of Montreal is di- 
vided into 10 counties. 

\d] Post town, Chatauque co. New-York, on Lake Erie, 7 
miles from the head of Casada Lake. 353 W. Albany, W. 409. 
It affords the only harbour on the lake between Buffalo and 
Erie. Wharfs have been constructed here. From the head of 
Casada lake there is a free navigation to Pittsburg, 



208 STATE ROADS. 








NEW- YORK — Continued. 


TOWNS, SiC. 




as 


Ohio State Line, 
Painsville, 
Cleaveland, 
Croghansville, 
Detroit^ [e] 


- 


27 
43 
30 
76 
96 


117 

160 
190 
266 
362 



No. 38. 

From Buffalo to Cleaveland, and thence to 
Lawrenceburg, Indiana, 



Cleaveland by water, - 




180 


Wooster, 


64 


244 


Columbus, 


87 


331 


Dayton, [/] 


78 


409 


Hamilton, 


38 


447 


Lawrcnceburg, 


29 


476 



No. 39. 
From Albany to Pittsburg, by Cooperstown 



and Jtiiaca, 



Cherry Valley, [g] 




- 




55 


Burlington, 


- 


- 


23 


78 


Franklin, 


- 


- 


28 


106 


Port Watson, 


- 


- 


31 


137 


Ithaca, 


- 


- 


23 


160 


Salubria, 


- 


- 


23 


183 


Bath, 


- 


- 


25 


208 


Pittsburg, as in No. 


34, 


- 


216 


424 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C, 209 

[e] Detroit, city, port of entry, and capital of Michigan 
Territory, in Wayne co., on W. side of the river Detioit, be- 
tween Lakes St. Clair and Erie, 18 N. of the W. end of the lat- 
ter, and 9 S. of the former , 300 S. by E. Michiliniacksnac, 
302 W. by S. Buffalo, W. 566. Lon. 82. 58. W. Lat. 42. 24. N. 
Pop. in 1810, 770; in 1820, 1,422, exclusive of tlie garrison. 
It is finely situated, regularly laid out in a square | mile on 
each side, with spacious streets, having an elevation of about 
40 feet above the river, of which it commands beautiful views. 
It contains a council house, a penitentiary, a market house, a 
bank, an academy, an arsenal, a government store house, a 
magnificent Catholic church of stone, a Presbyterian church, 
a lyceum, a bible society, and several other associations. The 
town is defended by fort Shelby ^ and the barracks adjoining 
are capable of quartering several regiments. In 18l9, there 
were 142 dwelling houses, and 131 stores, public buildings, &.c. 
Several of the buildings are of brick and stone, but ihey are 
mostly of wood and painted, and there is a general appeai^ance 
of taste and neatness. It is advantageously situated, and has 
a considerable and growing commerce, and is a place of im- 
portance in the fur trade. It has 12 attorneys and 8 physi- 
cians. It was wholly destroyed by fire in 1805, but the streets 
have been since laid out regular and wide, and the town built 
in an improved style. Tlie shipping belonging to this port in 
1818, amounted to 849 tons ; the value of e'xports g 69,330; 
imports g 15,61 1. — Detroit was settled by the French from Ca- 
nada as early as 1683. — In 1818-19 the average temperature at 
Detroit was for Nov. 43 deg. Dec. 25 deg, Jan. 30 deg. Feb. 33 
deg. ; in Albany, N. Y. the same year, Jan. 22 deg. Feb. 29 deg. 

[/] Post-town and capitiil of Montgomery co. Ohio, on the 
Great Miami ; 25 N. Lebanon, 52 N.Cincinnati, 66 W. by S. 
Columbus, VV. 576. Pop. 1,000 ; including the township 3,530. 
It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a bank, a 
piinting office, an academy, a library, 2 houses of public wor- 
ship, 1 for Presbyterians, and I for Methodists, and has con- 
siderable trade. Here is a brirlge across the river. 

[g] Post-town, Otsego co. N. Y. ; H NE. Cooperstown, 53 
■W.Albany, W. 384. Pop. in 1810, -2,775; in 1820, 3,684. 
Here is a large handsome, and finely situated village, which 
contains an academy, a meeting house, a printing office, and 
has considerable trade. The 1st, 2(i, and 3d Western turnpikes 
meet here, and are intersected by other large roads. 



1€^ 



210 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-YORK — Continued, 



No. 40. 
From Buffalo to Pittsburgh by Erie, 







u ^ 




TOWNS, &C. 






1". 






is 


5j 


Erie as in No. 37, 


_ 




90 


Waterford, 


- 


14 


104 


Meachille, [Ii 


- 


26 


130 


Cross French Creek to Franklin, 


24< 


154 


Butler, 


M 


41 


195 


Buff's 


- 


14 


209 


Cross Ohio Riv er to Lawrenceville, 


15 


224 


Pittsburg, [i] 


- 


3 


227 



No. 41. 
From Buffalo to Pittsburg, by land ^ water. 



Erie by water. 




90 


Waterford, b^ land, 


14 


104 


Descend French Creek, 


10 


114 


Meadville, 


20 


134 


Franklin, 


27 


161 


Enter Alleghany River to Big San- 






dy Creek, 


9 


170 


Foxburg, on Clareon River, 


24 


194 


Big Bend, 


16 


210 


Kittanning, 


22 


232 


Freeport ^' Buffalo Creek 


16 


248 


Lawrenceville, 


25 


273 


Junction with Monongahela River, 






at Pittsburg, 


4 


277 



DESCRlFTiON OF TOWNS, &;C. 211 

[/«] Meadville^ post-town. & cap. Crawford co. Pa., on French 
Creek ; 25 W. Franklin, 37 S. Erie, W. 3l2. Lon. 80. 11. W. 
Lat. 41. 37. N. Pop. 649. It is veiy pleasantly situated, regu- 
larly laid out, and contains a court house, a bank, an arsenal, 
a printing office, a social library, an academy, a college, and a 
Presbyterian meeting liouse. It is a flourishing town, connected 
with Erie, Piitsburg, and Philadelphia, by turnpikes. 

[i] Pittsburg, city, & cap. AUtjghany co. Pa. ; 230 WNW. 
Baltimore, 297 W. by N. Philadelphia, W. 225. Lon.«0-8\V. 
Lat. 40 32. N. Pop. iu 1810, 4,768 ; in 1820, 7,248. 

It is situated on a beautiful plain, on a broad point of landf, 
where the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela forms 
the Ohio. This place was once in the hands of the French and 
then called Fort du Q^uesne, afterwarls Fort Pitt, and was com- 
menced as a town under the name of Pittsburg in 1760. It is a 
very flourishing manufacturing and commercial town, and has 
an extensive trade. It contains a court house, a jail, a national 
armoury and magazine, an academy, a library of about 2,000 
•volumes, 4 banks, including a branch of the United States bank, 
and 8 houses of public worship. The plat of ground on which 
the town is built, is nearly in the form of a triangle, and is now 
almost tilled v\ith houses. A suburb has geen laid out on the 
Alleghany, called the noithern liberties, and another on the Mo- 
nongahela. There are 4 other villages'^which are virtually su- 
burbs of Pittsburg, Birmingham on the left bank of the Mo'non- 
gatiela ; Alleghany upon the second bank of Alleghany river, 
opposite to the city; Lawrei.ceville 2 miles above Pittsburg 
on the Alleghany; and a street running along the left bank of 
the iVlonongahela, opposite to Pittsburg. 

Pittsburg is a place of great domestic and foreign commerce. 
The wagons that have passed to and from the town, counted 
at the nearest turnpike gate, have amounted, in one year, to 
11,800. The surrounding country is one great bed of fossil coal, Sc 
the hills in sight of the town are full of that mineral. The re- 
gion also abounds in iron ore, and various mineral and vegeta- 
ble productions. In l8l6, there were in this town and its con- 
nected vicinity, 8 steam mills, 5 green and white glass houses, 
in which every kind of glass, from a porter bottle or window 
glass, to very elegant cut crystal glass, is manufactured ; 4 air 
furnaces, 3 breweries, in which are made immense quantities 
of beer, porter, and ale ; 67 flour mills, and numerous other 
mills and manufactories. With regard to manufactures, Pitts- 
burg is the first town in the western country. 

Travellers are almost always disappointed on entering this 
city ; there is but one point of approach which affords a good 
view of the place ; that is the summit of a hill in the road from 
Washington, Pa. txrept from the gratifying reflection excited 
from the appearance of so much industry, Pittsburg is by no 



212 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-JERSEY. 



No. 1. 

From Neiv-Brnnsivick to Mlddleton, '^* thence 
to the Highlands of Nevesink, by South 
Amboy, 



TOWNS, &C. 




ill 

m 


S. Amboy by Steamboat, 
Mount Pleasant, 
Middleton, 
Highlands, [j] 


10 

4 
8 


13 

23 
27 
35 



No. 2. 
From Neio-Brunsivick to Morristoivn. 



Boundbrook, [A:] 


. 




7 


Mount Bethel, 


- 


6 


13 


Baskmg Ridge, [/] 


•• 


7 


20 


Morristown, 


- 


8 


28 



No. 3. 
From •N^ew- Brunswick to Easton, Penn, 



Boundbrook, 


- 


- 




7 


Sommerville, 


- 


- 


4 


11 


White House, 


- 


- 


9 


20 


Jugtown, 


- 


- 


15 


35 


Bloomsburg, 


- 


- 


3 


38 


Easton, 


- 


- 


8 


4(J 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fec. 213 

means a pleasant place to a stranger. The constant volumes 
of smoke fill the atmospher:? with coal dust, and the whole 
town has a smoky appearance. The houses are mostly of brick, 
and generally large. The streets itersect each other at right 
angles, but are narrow. In Oct. 1815, it was calculated that 
2,000 bushels of coal were consumed daily on a space 2 1-4 
miles square. Three newspapers are published here. Vessels of 
200 or 300 tons at some seasons descend the Ohio from Pitts- 
burg ; the distance from this place to New-Orleans by the course 
of the rivers is about 2,000 miles. 

[y] Neversink, or Navesink hills, are the first land seen in 
approaching the coast, 282 feet in height. Navesink harbour 
is on the coast of Monmouth co. New-Jersey, 5 miles from 
Sbiewsbury. 

[k] Post-town, Somerset CO, New-Jersey ; on N. bank of the 
Raiitan ; 7 NW. New-Brunswick, W. 200. 

(/] Post-town, Somerset co. N. J., on a branch of the Pas- 
saic; 7 SSW. Morristown, 17 N. New Brunswick. W. 219, 
Lon. 74.33. W. Lat. 40, 40. N. Herd is an academy. Gene- 
ral Lee was taken prisoner here in 1776. 



214 



STATE ROADS. 



NEW-JERSEY — Continued. 



No. 4. 
Foom NeiD-Brunstvick to New- Hope, 



TOWNS, &C. 




sz i 

HI 


Rocky Hill, 
New Hope, 


18 


13 
31 



No. 5, 

From Trenton to Morristown, and thence to 

Neivburg, New-York. 



Princeton, [m\ 


- 


- 




10 


Sommerville, 


. 


- 


18 


28 


Libertycoiner, 


. 


- 


8 


SQ 


Baskinridge, 


- 


- 


5 


41 


Morristown, 


- 


- 


8 


49 


Prompton, 


. 


- 


20 


69 


N. Y. State Line, 


. 


. 


14 


83 


New Windsor, 


- 


. 


29 


112 


Newburg, 


- 


- 


2 


114 



No. 6. 

From Trenton to Milford^ Peniisylvania^ by 
Sommerville and Sparta, 



Sommerville, as in No. 5, 


. 




28 


Pliickamin, 


m 


7 


35 


Chester, 


. 


12 


47 


Suckasunny Plains, - 


" 


8 


I 55 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SzC. 215 

<• — ~ — 

[m] Princeton, post-town, New-Jersey, partly in Middlesex 
and partly in Somerset co. ; 10 NE. Trenton, 16 SW. Wew- 
Brunswick, 40 JME. Philadelphia, 49 SW. New- York, W. 178. 
Lon. 74. 35. W. Lat. 40. 22. N. It is a pleasant town, and con- 
tains a college, a theological seminary, a brick Presbyterian 
church, and upwards of 100 dwelling houses. 

The college- at this place was founded in J 746 at Elizabeth- 
town ; the next year it was removed to Newark, and a Royal 
charter was granted to it in 1748, by the title of the College 
of New-Jersey, which is its corporate name at j)reseiit. It 
remained at Newark 10 years, and in 1757, was permanently 
established at Princeton. Its situation is pleasant and peculi- 
arly healthful, and it has long been one ot the most respectable 
and flourishirjg seminaries in the United States. The college 
edifice, is styled J^^assau Hall, and is 175 feet by 50, of 4 sto- 
ries, containing a chapel about 40 feet square, and 60 rooms 
for students, Besides the principal edifice there are two other 
buildings, each about 60 feet by 30, containing the library, 
philosophical apparatus, museum, refectory, recitation rooms ifec. 
These buildings are all of stone. A president's house and 2 
professors' houses belong to the institution. The college has 
an excellent library of 7, or 8,000 volumes, a large and well 
selected philosophical apparatus, the orrery constructed by Dr. 
D. Rittenhouse, and a valuable cabinet of Alineralogy and 
natural hisroiy. 

The bonrd of trustees consists of 23 members, one half cler- 
gymen, the other half laymen. The Governor of the state is, 
ex officio, president of tlie board. The executive government 
is composed of a president, who is also a teacher of tlieology and 
moral philosophy ; a vice president, who is also a professor of 
languages and belles letires ; a professor of mathematics and 
natural philosophy; a professor of chemistry, experimental phi- 
losophy, and natural history ; and 3 tutors. The number of 
students, in 1820, was 12]. The commencement is held on the 
last Wednesday in September. There are two vacations; the 
1st from commencement, 6 weeks ; the 2d from the 1st Thurs- 
day, after the 2d Tuesday in April, 4 weeks. 

The Theological Seminary was established at this place in 
1812, by the general assembly of the Presbyterian church in the 
U. States, and has two professors, one of didatic and polemic 
theology, and one of ecclesiastical history and church govern- 
ment, and an assistant professor. Partial provision is made 
for a professor of oriental and biblical literature. The 
building belonging to the seminary is an elegant stone edi- 
fice, 150 feet by 50, of 4 stories, and calculated to accommo- 
date 100 students, and contains also several rooms for public 
purposes. A union between the general assembly of the 
Presbyterian church, and the general synod of the Associate Re- 



216 



STATE ROADS. 



JSEW-JERSEY— 


-Continued 


• 




TOWNS, &C. 


jl 

5 

9 

8 

16 


-4 


Mount Pleasant, 
Sparta, 
Frankford, 
Miliord, 


- 


60 
69 

77 
93 



No. 7. 

From Camden to Woodburij and Salem, 
and thence to Cape May, 



Woodbury, [m] 




8 


Sweedsboro' 


11 


19 


Woodstown, 


6 


25 


Salem, [«J 


11 


36 


Bridgetown, [jc] 


20 


56 


Melville, 


13 


69 


Port Elizabeth, [x] 


8 


77 


Dennis, 


13 


90 


Cape May, 


17 


107 



No. 8. 
From Trenton to Tiickerton. 



Bordentown, [ij~\ 
Blackhorse, 
Julia T. 
New Mills, 
Waddino; River, 
Tuckerton, [2] 





7 


4 


11 


3 


14 


3 


17 


26 


45 


12 


55 



DESCRIPTION Of TOWNS, kc. 2i / 

formed church, has recently been efliected, and also a union of 
their seminaries. By this measure the library of the seminary 
lately in the city of New York, consisting of 4,000 volumes, 
has been added to the library of that at Princeton, increasing 
it to upwards of 6,000 volumes. The number of students in 
1822, was about So ; the whole number who had been members, 
"including the 80, 235. A residence of 3 years is necessary, 
in order to pass through a complete course of theological in- 
struction in this seminary. Candidates for admission are re- 
quired to produce testimonials of good natural talents, and 
good moral and religious character, of being a member in good 
standing of some regular church, and of having passed through 
a regular course of academical study. Tuition and the usejof 
the library are afforded free of expense to every student, and 
there are charitable funds for aiding the indigent. 

[m] Capital of Gloucester co. New-Jersey, settled principally 
by quakers. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 
about a hundred houses. 

[d] (."-apital of Salem co. New-Jersey, on Salem creek, 3^ 
miles from Delaware bay. It is a place of considerable busi- 
ness. Agriculture is well attended to in this county, and hav- 
ing the advantage of water carriage, the inhabitants send large 
quantities of vegetables to Philadelphia and Delaware markets. 
Salem contains a court-house, a jail, a market house, an acade- 
my, and 4 houses of public worship. There are about 200 
houses, mostly ofbrick. 

[w\ Capital of Cumberland co. New-Jersey, on the Cohaz)', 
which is navigable to the town for vessels of lOO tons. The 
shipping belonging to this port amounts to about 14,000 tons. 
The town contains the county buildings, an academy, and 
printing office, 

[x] Cumberland co. New-Jersey, on a branch of Maurice 
river, which runs into Delaware bay. It is navigable 20 miles. 
The town contains about 2,000 inhabitants. 

[3;] A pleasant town in Burlington co. New-Jersey, built 
principally on one street, and contains a church, an academy, 
and about 100 dwelling houses. It is 4 miles from Trenton, and 
26 from Philadelphia. 

[£r] Burlington, N, J. near the S. end of Little Egg Harbour 
bay. 



19 



218 



STATE ROADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



No. 1. 

From Philadelphia to Norfolk^ Virginia ; by 
Land and Water Stages, 







^i 


» — i 


TOWNS, &C. 




II 








c^a 


5^^ 


By Water. 








New Castle, Delaware, [a] 


- 




33 


Pea patch. 


- 


6 


39 


Reedy island^ 


- 


6 


44 


Bombay Hook island, upper 


side, 


13 


57 


Deepwatcr Point, 


- 


13 


70 


Mispiiion Creek, 


- 


20 


90 


LewistOwn Creek, 


- 


11 


101 


Lewistown, [b] 


- 


3 


104 


By Land, 








Indian River, [c] 


- 


12 


116 


Dagsbiiry, 


- 


6 


122 


Maryland State Line, - 


- 


8 


130 


Irap, 


- 


3 


133 


Snow Hill on Pocomoke Rivei 


^M 


20 


153 


Virginia State Line, - 


- 


12 


165 


Horntown, 


- 


4 


169 


Drumniond T. [e] 


•^ 


11 


180 


Bethaven, 


- 


10 


190 


Bridgetown 


- 


4 


194 


Northampton C. H. [/] 




6 


200 


Chesapeake Bay, [»] - 


- 


5 


205 


Cross to Norfolk, 


- 


55 


260 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, Lc, ^19 



[a] Capital of Newcastle co. Delaware, on W. bank of the 
liver Delaware. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 
and 2 houses of worship. Newcastle is a pleasantly situated 
village, and has some trade. It is a great thoroughfare for the 
sieam boat and stage line from Baltimore to Philadelphia. 

[b] Sussex CO. Delaware, on Lewis Creek, 3 miles from its 
entrance into the Delaware Bay. This place was formerly the 
seat of justice for the county, but is now rather on the decline. 
It has a pleasant elevated situation, and is esteemed the 
most healthy place in this part of the state. Here are exten- 
sive and curious salt works for making salt by the sun. 

[c] Indian river, Sussex co. Delaware, is 15 miles long, and 
runs into Rehoboth bay. It is navigable 13 miles. 

[d] Capital and port of entry of Worcester co. Maryland, 
pleasantly situated on the Pocomoke, 25 miles from its mouth ; 
the shipping belonging U) this port is about 8,000 tons. The 
town contains the county huildings, an academy, bank, and 3 
places of worship. The Pocomoke is 40 miles long, and runs 
S. W. into the Chesapeake bay, forming a considerable bay at 
its mouth. 

[c] A small dull village, the capital of Accomac co. Virginia, 
containing the county buildings and about 30 houses. 

[y J Northampton co. including Cape Charles, Eastern Shore 
of Virginia. It is the fi^st county on the peninsula which ex- 
tends along N. between the Atlantic and Chesapeake bay. It 
contains about 7,000 inhabitants, of whom one half are slaves. 
The whole of this peninsula, called Eastern Shore of Virginia, 
has a flat poor sandy soil. The average width of two counties, 
N. Hampton and Accomac is 10 miles. Produce, peach brandy 
and Indian corn. 

[g] One of the largest bays on the globe. It is 12 miles wide 
at its entrance, between Cape Charles awd Cape Henry, and 
extends 270 miles to the northward, dividing Virginia and Ma- 
ryland. It is from 7 to 20 miles broad, and generally as mucn 
as 9 fathoms deep. It receives the waters of the Susquehannah, 
Potomack, Rappahannock, York, James, and several othei" 
ssnaller rivers. 



:Jt> 



STATE ROADS. 



p E N N s YLv AN I A — Continued, . 

No. 2. 
From P hiladelphia t o C. May, hy Steamboat 



TOW>'S, &:c. 



iieedj Island as above, 

Ojsterbed, 

ivgg Island Flats, 

i>.\w. May, 



•is 


1st 

5p 




44 


24 


68 


16 


84 


20 


104 



No. 3. 

.Froj;^ Philadelphia to tape May, hy Bridge- 

toivn. 



Woodbury, 




. 


_ 




9 


Mullico Hill, 




- 


m 


8 


17 


Pole Town, 




- 


- 


8 


25 


Deerfield, 




. 


- 


7 


32 


Bridgetown^ 




- 


- 


7 


39 


Cape May, as 


in No. 


3, 


- 


51 


90 



No. 4. 

From Philadelphia to Cape May, direct by 

Cheiv^s Landing, 



Camden, [h] 


- 


- 




1 


Mount Ephiaim, 


- 


- 


5 


6 


Chew's Landing, 


- 


- 


3 


9 


Blackwoodstown, 


- 


- 


3 


12 


Cross Keys, 


- 


- 


6 


18 


Cambell's, 


- 


- 


16 


34 


D ennis. 


- 


- 


20 


54 


Cape May^ 


- 


- 


17 


71 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC, 221 

\h] Opposite Pliiladelphia, in Gloucester co. New-Jersey. It 
is much resorted to by the citizens in warm weather. The 
Delaware is here thirteen hundred and sixty-two yards wide, 
and is constantly plied by various kinds of boats to and frorr 
the city. The village contains a bank and an academy. 



^19 



222 



STATE ROADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued* 


No. 5. 
From Philadelphia to Great Egg Harbour. 


TOWNS, &c. 


II 


Dis- 
tance from 
Philadelphia 


Camden, 

Haddenfield, 

Long-a-coming, 

Blue Anchor, \i] 

Pennypot, 

Weymonth, 

May's Landing, 

Cross Egg Harbour River to Bar- 

gantovrn, 
Sommer'sPoint toEgg Harbour [/] 


6 
9 
8 
8 
5 
6 

13 

4 


1 

7 
16 

24 
32 
37 
43 

56 
60 



No. 6. 
From Philadelphia to Tuckerton^ Little 
Harbour. (By Stage.) 



Egg 



Camden, 


„ 


^ 




1 


Ellis's 


- 


- 


6 


7 


Swain's, 


- 


- 


5 


12 


Emely's 


- 




11 


23 


Klines, 


- 


- 


3 


26 


Atsion, 




_ 


1 


27 


Quaker Bridge, 




4 


31 


Sooyes, 


- 


- 


5 


36 


Wad in 2; River, 


- 


3 


39 


Bass River 


and Town, 


- 


6 


45 


Fuckerton, 


[fe] 


- 


6 


51 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &:C. 223 

[i] Gloucester co. New-Jersey; Washington, 165. 

[j] Egg Harbour, Great, Gloucester co. N. J. on the bay of 
the same name. Population of the township, 1,635. A con- 
siderable quantity of pine is exported from this place. The 
shipping owned here, in 1816, amounted to 5,154 tons. 

[k] Tuckerton, post-village, Burlington co. N.J. near S.entl 
of Littie Egg Harbour bay j Washington, 193. 



224 



STATE ROADS 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, 



No. 7. 

From Philadelphia to Mount Holly, and 

thence to the sea coast at Squam Beach, 



TOWNS, &C. 


|e 
11 


SJ5 


Camden, 


_ 




1 


Cooper's Creek, 


. 


1 


2 


Waterfordville, 


- 


4 


6 


Pennsauken Creek, 


. 


1 


7 


Moorestown, 


- 


3 


la 


Cross Aiicocus Creek to 


Mount 






Holly, [/] 


- 


8 


18 


Julia Town, 


- 


5 


23 


flanover Furnace, 


- 


6 


29 


Toms River Bridge, - 


- 


20 


49 


Squam Beach, 


- 


9 


68 



No. 8. 

From Philadelphia to Burlington and Bpr- 
dentown, and thence to Long Branch, 



Camden, [to] 




1 


Pennsauken Creek, 


6 


7 


Toll Bridge, Ancocus Creek, - 


5 


12 


Burlington, [nj 


6 


17 


Bustleton, 


4 


21 


Bordenton, 


5 


26 


Alienton, 


10 


36 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC, 225 

[f\ Mount Holly, post-town and capital of Burlington co, 
ZVew-Jersey, near Ancocus creek; 23 E. N. E. Philadelphia; 
Washington, 150. It is a flourishing towri, and contains a 
court-house, a jail, a market-house, a bank, 2 houses of pub- 
lic worship, 1 for Episcopalians and 1 for Friends; valuable 
mills, and upwards of 200 dwelling-houses. 

[7n] Camden, village, Gloucester county, New-Jersey, on E. 
bank of the Delaware, opposite to Philadelphia- It is a plea- 
sant village, and contains a bank and an academy. 

[n] Burlington city, Burlington county, New-Jersey, on the 
DeJavvare, a little below Bristol, on the opposite side; 20 NE. 
Philadelphia by water, and 17 by land.. Washington, 162. — 
Population, in 1810, 2,419— in 1820, 2,758. The most popu- 
lous part is situated on an island in the Delaware, 1,^- mile long, 
and 3-4 mile wide, communicating with tb.e main laud by four 
bridges and causeways. It contains a court-house, a market- 
house, an academy, a public libraiy, and 4 houses of public 
worship; 1 for Episcopalian?, 1 for Friends, 1 for Ba])tists, 
and 1 for Methodists; and has some manufactures. It is a 
pleasant town, favourably situated, and has a good harbour. 
It has been made a port of entry, but carries on no foreign 
trade. In 1816, it had 302 tons of shipping. 



226 



STATE ROADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA — Contlnucd* 


TOWNS, &:c. 




Z c 
a. £i 


Sri; 

m 


Monmouth, or Freehold, 
Tinton Falls, 
Eatontowii, 
Long Branch, 


-' 


20 
9 
2 
4 


56 
65 
67 
71 


No. 9. 

From Philadelphia to New- York^ by Borden- 

town and South Amhoy, 


Steamboat Line. 
Bordentown, by Steamboat, 

By Stage. 
Cranbury, 
Spottiswood, 
South Amboy, 
Cross to N. Amboy, - 
New York, by Steamboat, 


- 


16 

10 

8 

2 
22 


28 

43 
63 
61 
63 
85 



No. 10. 

From Philadelpia to New-York, by Staten 
Island. 



New Brunswick as in greatN.E. R. 

Woodbridge, [o] 

Staten IsL[p] Sound to New Ferry 

Castleton, 

Lazaretto, 

Now York, by Steamboat 





67 





67 


4 


71 


7 


78 


1 


79 


5 


84 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. 225^ 

[o] Woodbridge, post-town, Middlesex county, New-Jersey, 
W. of Arthur KuU Sound ; 3 N. N. W. Amboy, 39 N. E, 
Tienton. Washington, 210. Population, 4,286. The village 
contains an Episcopal and Presbyterian cjjurch. 

[p] Staten Island, belonging to New- York, and forming the 
county of Richmond. It is about 18 miles in length, and, 
where widest, 8 in breadth. On the south side is a considera- 
ble tract of level, good land ; but the island in general is. 
*iough and the hills high. Population, 5,347. 



228 



STATE R0ADS, 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, 



No. 11. 

From Philadelphia to New-York^ hy Eliza- 
hethtown Point, 





^i 


•i^ 


TOWNS, &C. 


5S 
(25 




Frankford, 




5 


Holmesburg, [q] 


5 


10 


Bristol, [r] 


10 


20 


Trenton, 


11 


31 


New Brunswick, 


26 


57 


Cross Raritan River to Rath way on 






Rath way River, 


12 


69 


Elizabethtown, 


5 


74 


Elizabethtown Point, - 


2 


76 


New York, by Steamboat, 


10 


86 



No. 12. 
From Philadelphia to New- York^ by New- 
Hope and Plainjield; a Stage Road, 



Rising Sun, 

Milestown, 

Shoemakers Town on Tacony Cr. 

Jenkintown, 

Abington, 

Willowgrove, 

Hatborough, 

Cross Roads, 

T^eshaming Bridge, - 





4 


3 


7 


2 


9 


2 


n 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, kc, 229 

Iq] Holmesburg, post-town, Philadelphia county, Pennsyl- 
vania ; 9 N. E. Philadelphia. Washington, 147.— Long. 75 4 
W. Lat. 40 2 N. 

[r] Bristol, borough and post-town, Bucks coxinty, Pennsyl- 
vania, on W. bank of the Delaware, nearly opposite to Bur- 
lington, New-Jersey ; 19 1-2 N. E. Philadelphia. Washing- 
ton, 157. Long. 74 53 W. Lat. 40. 6. N.— Populatiou, 908 ; 
including the township, 2,073. It contains a market-house, 
and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for 
Quakers, and 1 for Methodists. It is a handsomely built vil- 
lage, pleasantly situated, and is the resort of much genteel 
company in summer. 



£0 



230 



STATE ROADSi 



PENNSYLVANIA CoUtillUed. 



TOWNS, 


&c. 




11 

5 


5|5 


Greenville, 


. 


_ 


28 


Ingraham's Great 


Spring, 


- 


3 


31 


New Hope, 




- 


2 


33 


Cross the Delaware to Lamberts- 






ville, 


- 


- 


1 


34 


New Meeting, 


- 


- 


3 


37 


Old Ringo's 


- 


- 


3 


40 


Raritan Bridge, 


- 


- 


14 


64 


Somerville, 


- 


- 


4 


68 


Boundbrook, 


^ 


- 


4 


62 


Plainfield, 


- 


- 


6 


68 


Sco'tch Plains, 


- 


- 


3 


71 


Springfield, 


- 


- 


6 


77 


Camptown, 


- 


- 


4 


81 


Newark, 


► 


- 


3 


84 


Jersey City, 


- 


- 


9 


93 


New York, across 


; the Hudson, 


2 


95 



No. 13. 

From Philadelphia to Albany, by Easton and 

Goshen. 



Willowgrove, 




14 


Neshanning Creek, 


10 


24 


Doylestown, [s] 


2 


26 


Thickon Creek, 


10 


36 


Durham Creek, [i] 


10 


46 


Cross Lehigh River [«] to Easton 


9 


55 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &IC, 231 

[5] Doylestown, post-town, Burks co. Penn ; 14 NW. New- 
ton; 26 N. Philadelphia; Washington, 163. Pop. 1,430. This 
is the seat of justice for the county. 

f/| Durham Creek, r. Pennsylvania, which runs into the 
Dela ware. Lon. 75. 15. W. Lat. 40. 35. N. 

[m] Lehigh River, Pa. which runs SE. into the Delaware, ftt 
Raston. Length, 75 miles. 



232 



STATE ROADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued. 


TOWNS, &C. 


If 


3p 


Cross Delaware R. to Hope N. J. 


19 


74 


Johnsonburg, 


7 


81 


Newtown, 


10 


91 


Cross Walkill River to Hamburg, 


12 


103 


Vernon, 


7 


110 


N. Y. State Line, 


3 


113 


Warwick, 


6 


119 


Florida, 


6 


125 


Goshen, 


6 


131 


Montgomery, 


9 


140 


New Paltz, 


21 


161 


Cross Walkill River, to Spring T. 


3 


164 


Friends Settlement, 


3 


167 


Kingston, [v] 


10 


177 


Cross Esopus Creek to Sagerties, 


12 


189 


Catskill, 


12 


201 


Athens, 


6 


207 


New Baltimore, [iv'] - 


14 


221 


Albany, 


15 


236 



No. 14. 
From Philadelphia to Milford, Pike county. 



^^aston, 
Richmond, 
Williamsburg, [.r] 
Delaware Water Gap, - 



14 
4 

5 



[r] Kingston, post-town, and cap. Ulster co. N. Y., on W. 
side of the Hudson ; 65 S. Albany, 100 N. New- York. W.306. 
Pop. 2,956. The village is pleabantly situated, on Esopus 
creek, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market house, a 
bank, an academy, a public library, a meeting house, 2 print- 
ing ofl&ces, and had, in l8l2, 150 houses and stores. The 
public buildings, and many others, are of blue lime stone. 
Two weekly newspapers are published here. 

[w] Post-town, Greene co. N. ¥., on W. sideof theHudsoii) 
formed from the north part of Coxackie, in I8II , 18 S. Albany, 
W. 375. Pop. 2,036. 

\x] Williamsburg, or Jonestown, post-tewn, Lebannon co. 
Pa. at the junction of the Swatara and Little Swalara j 23 
ENE. Harrisburg : Washington, 140, 



234 



STATE ROADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA— 


'Continued* 




XOWNS, 


&c. 




II 


n 
m 


Dutotsburg, 
Bushkill Creek, 
Dingman's Creek, 
Milford, [y] 


^- 


\ 


2 
13 
13 

8 


80 

93 

106 

114 



No. 15. 

From Philadelphia, to Bethany, Wayne co., 

by Easton. 



Dutotsburg, as in Last No. 




80 


Stroudsburg, 


3 


83 


Pike County, 


5 


88 


Falls of Lackawaxen, [r] 


31 


119 


Bethany, [«j 


10 


129 



No. 16. 

From Philadelphia to Bethany, by the JS'^eio 
Turnpike Road. 



Easton, as in No. 14, - 




55 


Wind Gap, 


12 


67 


Road Forks, 


3 


70 


Pokono Mountain, 


10 


80 


Wallenpapack Creek, 


13 


93 


Middle Creek, 


18 


111 


Bethany, 


8 


119 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 235 

[y] Milford, post-town, and cap. Pike co. Pennsylvania, 
pleasantly situated on W. bank of the Delaware, elevated 120 
feet above the river ; 48 W. by S. Newburgh, 60 NNE. Easton, 
65 NW. New-York, 120 N. by E. Philadelphia, W. 241. 
The principal trade is in lumber. About a mile from the 
town a considerable stream called Saw creek, after descending 
down several successive pitches, is precipitated from the height 
of 130 feet perpendicular, forming a beautiful cataract. 

[s] Lackawaxen river, Wayne co. Pa. which runs into the 
Delaware, about 30 miles below Damascus, and 174 above 
Philadelphia. 

fa] Bethany, post-town and cap. Wayne co. Pa. ; SO NE 
Wilkesbarre, W.279. Pop. 193. 



S>36 



STATE ROADS. 



PENN s Y L V ANi A — Continued, 



No. 17. 
From Philadelphia to Utica, by Montrose, 



TOWNS, &C. 




St 
II 








Is 


sjl 


Germantown, [b' 


_ 




6 


Chesnut Hill, 


- 


4 


10 


Spring House, 


- 


8 


18 


Montgomery Square, - 


- 


4 


22 


Lexington, 


" 


4 


26 


Letters, 




6 


32 


Quakertown, 




6 


38 


Fryburg, 


- 


6 


44 


Otts, 


- 


4 


48 


Cross Lehigh R. [c] to '. 


Bethlehem 


5 


63 


Nazareth, 


- 


10 


63 


Winclgap, [d] Blue M. 


- 


9 


72 


Hoods, 


- 


9 


81 


Sox Pokono Mount. - 


_ 


7 


88 


Big Tobvhanna Creek, 


- 


3 


91 


Little Tobyhanna, 


- 


5 


96 


Cross Lehigh Creek to 


Stoddarts- 






ville, 


- 


4 


100 


Bear Creek, 


- 


9 


109 


Wilkesbarre, [e] 


- 


9 


118 


Cross £. Branch, Susf 


juehannah 






River to Ayres, 


- 


14 


132 


Re-cross Susquehannah 


to Tunk- 






hannack. 


- 


14 


146 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fec. 237 

[b] Germantowa, post-town, Philadelphia co. P.Tnnsylvania; 
7 N. Philadelphia, W. 143. Pop. 4,311. It contains a bank, 
an academy, and 5 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyte- 
rians, 1 for German Calvanists, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Friends, 
and 1 for Mennonists. It is pleasantly situated, and has con- 
siderable manufactures. Most of the houses are built on one 
street, which is about 2 miles in length. Here is the principal 
congregation of the Mennonists in America. A battle was 
fought here on the 4ih of October, 1777, between the Ameri- 
cans, under General Washington, and the British. The Ame- 
ricans lost 200 killed, 500 wounded, an>l 4 taken prisoners. 
The British lost 70 killed, and 430 wounded and ta ken prisoners. 

[c] Lehigh river, Pa., which runs SE. into the Delaware, at 
Easton. Length, 75 miles. 

[d] Wind Gap, a pass in the Blue Mountains, Northampton 
CO. Pa. ; 10 W. of the river Delaware, W. 204 Here is a post 
ofiBce. 

[e] Wilkesbarre, post-town, borough and cap. Luzerne co^ 
Pa., on the Susquehannah ; 115 NNW. Philadelphia, W. 225. 

Lon. 75. 55. W. Lat. 41. 12 N. Pop. 755 ; including the town- 
ship, 1,602. It contains a courthouse, a jail, 2 printing offi- 
ces, from each of which is issuad a weekly newspaper, a bank| 
an academy, a Presbyterian '.leeting house, and has some 
trade. Here is a bridge across the river. The country arouad 
abounds iu coal. 



233 



STATE ROADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA — ContimiecL 



TOWNS, kc. 


II 


lii 
s|3 


Misshoppen Creek, 
Montrose, [/Jhead waters of Wya- 
lusing Creek, 


7 
14 


153 
167 


Silver Lake Creek, 


5 


172 


N. Y. State Line, 


6 


178 


Cross Susquehannah River to Che- 
nango Point, 


7 


185 


Greene, 


19 


204 


Oxford, 


12 


216 


Norwich, 


9 


225 


Cross Chenango R. to N. Norwick, 


6 


231 


Sangerfield, 
Clinton, 


24 
10 


265 
265 


Utica, [g] 


10 


275 



No. 18. 

From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara, 

by Montrose and Cauga Lake. 



By Stages. 






Montrose, as in last No. 




167 


N. Y. State Line, 


23 


190 


Cross Susquehannah E. B. to Os- 






wego, 


8 


198 


Ithaca, [A] 


28 


226 


By Steam-boat, on Cauga Lake. 






Ludlowsville, 


8 


234 


Kingsferry, [r] 


11 1 


246 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &:c. 239 

[/] Montrose, post-town, and cap. Susquehannah co. Pa, J 
50 N. Wilkesbaire, W. 280. 

is\ Utica, post-town, Oneida co. N. Y., on S. side of the 
Moliawk ; 4 ESE. VVhitestovvn, U ESE. Rome, 93 W. by N. 
Albany, W. 392. Lon. 74. 13. W. Lat. 43. 10. N Pop. 2,972. 
It is intersected, near tiie centre, by the Erie Canal, and is the 
depot for most of the imported goods consumed in the western 
part of the state. It contains 7 houses of public worship, 1 for 
Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 
for Methodists, 1 Welch Presbyterians, and 2 for Baptists ; an 
academy, 2 banks, and also a savings bank. The houses are 
constructed partly of brick and partly of wood, and many of 
them elegant. The principal street is spacious and handsome. 
The October term of the supreme court is held here. Utica is 
situated in a fertile district of country, is a wealthy and flour- 
ishing town, and has an extensive trade. It is built on the 
?ite of Fort Schuyler, whicli was erected under the British go- 
vernment to prevent the inroads of the French and Indians. 
The ruins of it are still faintly visible. 

[A] Post-town, and capitol Tompkins co. N. Y., at the south 
end of Cayuga lake, at the entrance of Fall creek, and Six 
Mile creek; 18 S. Ovid, 29 N. Oswego, 178 W. Albany, W. 
347. Pop. 859. It is a handsome and flourishing village, and 
contains a court-house, a jail, and valuable mills, and has 
considerable trade. A weekly newspaper is published here. 

[ij King's Ferry, post-village, Cayuga co., N. Y., in Genoa; 
185 W. Albany, W. 366. 



240 STATE ROADS. 






PENNSYLVANIA- 


-Continued. 




TOWNS, &C. 


if 

tt .-4 

ClQ 




Aurora, 


^ 


6 


251 


Union Springs, 


- 


7 


258 


Cajuga, 


- 


6 


264 


By Stage, 








Seneca Falls, 


* 


4 


268 


Waterloo, [j] 


- 


4 


272 


Geneva, [k] 


- 


6 


278 


Cross Canandalgua outlet to Ca- 






nandagua. 


. 


16 


294 


Bloomfield Church, 


- 


8 


302 


Honcoje Creek, 


- 


6 


308 


Avon, 


-w 


12 


320 


Genesee River, 


- 


1 


321 


Caledonia, 


- 


7 


328 


Cross Aliens Creek to Le 


Roy, 


6 


333 


Black Creek, 




5 


338 


Batavia, [I] 


- 


7 


345 


Tonawanta Creek, 


•» 


4 


349 


Murder Creek, 


. 


10 


359 


Cross Ellicot's Cr. to Williamsvillel 


7 


366 


Buffalo, 


- 


19 


385 


Tonawanta Creek, 


• 


10 


395 


Falls of Niagara, 


A 


11 


406 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (Lc. 24. 

•: zz: I ■ . ' , ' '— ' " ■ ' ■ .- "i- 

[J] Waterloo, post-village, and cap. Seueca co., in the town 
ship of Junius, W. Y. on Seneca river, 14 W. Auburn, W. 358 
This flourishing village was made the shire town of the county 
in l8l7, A weekly newspaper is published here. 

k] Geneva, post- village, Ontario co. N. Y., in NE. cornar 
of th » township of Seneca, at N. end of Seneca lake; 16 E. 
Canandaigua, 22 W. Auburn, 58 N. Elmira, 192 W. Albany, 
W. S^'D. Pop. 1,357. It is a pleasant, handsome, and flourish- 
ing village, and contains a bank, an academy, a glass manufac- 
tory, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for 
Dutch Reformed, and 1 for Episcopalians, and has an extensive 
trade. It is handsomely built on the banks ©f the lake, elevated 
50 or 60 feet above the surface of the water, and commands a 
fine view of the lake, which is here 3 miles wide. Two news- 
papers are published here. The surrounding country is fertile 
and well cultivated. 

[/] Batavia, post town, and cap. Genesee county, N. Y. ; 
40 E. Buffalo, 256 W. Albany, W. 391. Pop. 2,597. The vil- 
lage contains a court house, a jail, a state arsenal, a printing 
office, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians and 1 for 
Episcopalians, and about 60 dwelling houses, and has consider- 
able trade. 



^1 



\2i2 



STATE ROADS< 



PENNSYLVANIA ^OUtinued, 

No. 19. 
From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara,' 
by Senaca Lake. 



TOWNS, &:c. 



Quakertown, as in No. 18, 

Northampton, 

Cross Lehigh River, - 

Cherrjville, 

Lehigh Water Gap, 

Recross Lehigh R. to Lehigh town 

Lausanne, 

Conjngham, 

Nescopcck Creek, 

Nescopeck 

Cross Susquehannah, E. Branch to 
Berwick, 

Fishing Creek, 

Head waters of Murray Creek, 

Towanda Creek, 

Meansville, 

Cross Tioga River to Athens, Ti- 
oga Point, 

N. Y. State Line, 

Newtown, [w] 

Catharinestown, 

Salubria,head of Seneca Lake, [/i] 

Hope Town, 

Geneva, 

Falls of Niagara, as in last No. 



13 
6 
6 
5 
8 
4 

20 
1 
9 

1 
6 

27 

\6 

6 

15 

5 

16 

18 

3 

24 

15 

128 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 24J 

[m] Newtown, i. Queens co. N. Y., on Long Island ; 8 E. 
Ne.w York. Pop. 2,437. Near t he centre of the township there 
iS a pleasant village containing 3 houses of public worship. Thin 
town gives name to an excellent apple, called the Newtown pip- 
pins. 

[n] Seneca, lake, N. Y., from 6 to 15 W. Cayuga lake. It is 
^5 miles long, and from 2 to 4 broad. A quarry of excellent mar- 
ble, beautifully variegated, of an excellent quality and proo; 
'.gainst fire, has lately been discovered nx\ the bank of thi? 1rU(-. 



iiv'l 



STATJE ROADS. 



p E N N s Y L V A iN I A — Continued, 



No. 20. 

From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara, 

by Reading and Sunburij. 



TOWxNS^ &C. 








i alls of Schuylkill, [o] 


• 




6 


N^orristovvn, 


- 


11 


17 


P('rkioineii Creek, 


- 


8 


25 


i^ottsgrove, [p] 


- 


10 


35 


Reading, [q] 


- 


17 


62 


Hamburg, [r] 


- 


16 


68 


Schujlkiil gap in Blue Mountain, 


2 


70 


Cross Little Schujlkiil River, 


- 


2 


72 


Orwigsburg, [.y] 


- 


7 


79 


(Jross Schujlkiil River, 


- 


5 


84 


Potts Iron Works, 


- 


2 


86 


Mahonj Creek, 


- 


11 


97 


Sunhury, [t] 


- 


23 


120 


BujTulo, as in Nothern Route, 


- 


231 


351 


Falls of Niagara, 


- 


21 


372 



No. 21 . 

Fro7n Philadelphia to Erie, by Siinbury and 

Belief onte. 



Sunbunj, as in last No. 

Cross Susquehannali River, to 

New Berlin, 
Hartlev Town, 



11 
JO 



120 



131 
141 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC, 245 



[q] Schuylkill, r. Pa. which rises in Luzerne co., and runs 
SE. into the Delaware, 6 miles below Philadelphia. It is 140 
miles longj and navigable for boats 90. The Tulpehocken, a 
navigable stream, flows into the Schuylkill 1^ miles above 
Reading. There are falls on the river 5 miles above Philadel- 
phia, and Swedes falls a little below Norristown. A canal, 
connecting the Swatara with the Tulpehocken, is now in pro- 
gress, which will unite the waters of the Schuylkill with those 
of the Susquehannah. 

[p] Pottsgrove, post town, Montgomery co. Pa; W. l^Q, 
Pop. 1,882. 

Iq] Reading, borough and capitoi Berks co. Pa. on the 
Schuylkill ; 54, NW. Philadelphia, Washington, l43. Pop. m 
ISIO, 3,463; in 1820, 4,332. Ii is a very pleasant and flour- 
ishing town, and contains a court house, a jail, Shanks, a large 
edifice for the public offices, and 4 houses of public woisbip ; 
1 for Lutherans, 1 for Cajvanists, 1 for Reman Catholics, and 
1 for Friends. Il contains many elegant houses, is surrounded 
by fine scenery, and has in its vicinity n.any valuable mill 
seats. It is settled chiefly by Germans, and is remarkable for 
the manufacture of hats. j>fear the town there is a large and 
remarkable spring of pure water. 

[r] Hamburg, post-town, Berks co. Pennsylvania, on the 
Schuylkill : 18 N. Reading, W. 159. : - 

[s] Orwi^rsbiirg, post-town, borough and cap.-Schuylkill co. 
Pa. ; 27 NN VV. Reading, W. 1?0. Pop. 600. 

[<] Sunbury, borough, post-town and cap. Northumberland 
CO. Pa., on the Susquehannah, 1 nule below the junction of the 
E. & W. branches; 2 S. Northumberland, 56 N. Harrisburg, 
122 NVV. by W. Philadelphia, W. 16t. Pop. 861. It is regu- 
larly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, and a Pres- 
byterian and it Lutheran church. 



21* 



246 



STATE ROADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, 



TOWNS, &:c. 


II 

S2 


3p 


Buffalo Mountain, 


6 


147 


Aronsburg, 


10 


157 


Penns Creek, 


7 


164 


Earlejsburo;, 


5 


169 


Bellefoiite, [ti] 


9 


178 


Phillipsburg, 


25 


203 


Carwinsville, 


19 


222 


Port Barnet, 


32 


254 


Meadville, [y^ 


71 


325 


Erie, [iv] 


40 


365 



No. 22. 

From Philadelphia to Erie, by Reading and 

Harrisbiirg. 



Heading, as in No. 21, 


- 




52 


Cross Schuylkill River to Sinking 






Spring, 


- 


4 


56 


Wormelsdorf, 


- 


10 


66 


Cross Tulpehocken Creek, 


- 


2 


68 


Myerstown, 


- 


5 


73 


Cross the Union Canal, 


- 


3 


76 


Lebanon, 


- 


S 


79 


Millarstown, 


- 


6 


85 


Cross Quitopahilla Creek, 


to 






Palmyra, 


- 


4 


89 


Hummelstown, [x] 


- 


6 


95 


Svvatara Creek, [y] 


- 


1 


96 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 247 

[u] Bellefoiito, borough & cap. Centre co., Pa. ; 3 miles from 
Milesburg, 238 WNW. Philadelphia, W. 189. Pop. 433. It has 
an elevated situation at the head of boat navigation on Spring 
Creek. It is regularly laid out, and contains a bank, an aca- 
demy, the county buildings, &c., and is situated in a fertile 
country. 

[v] Meadville, post-town, and cap. Crawford co. Pa., on 
French Creek ; 25 W. Franklin, 37 S. Erie, VV. 312. Lon.80. 
11. W. Lat. 41. 37. N. Pop. 649. It is very pleasantly situat- 
ed, regularly laid out, and contains a court house, a bank, an 
arsenal, a printing office, a social library, an academy, a col- 
lege, and a Presbyterian meeting house. It is a flourishing 
town, connected with Erie, Pittsburg, and Philadelphia by 
turnpikes. 

Alleghany College, at Meadville, was incorporated in 1817. 
The college edifice, named Bentley Hall, is 120 feet by 40, of 
3 stories, and has an elevated and pleasant situation. The 
library is large and valuable. The institution is under the di- 
rection of a board of 50 trustees. Commencement is held on 
the 1st Wednesday in August. 

\w] Erie or Presqiie Isle, post-t. borough & cap. Erie Co. Pa. 
on a margin of a bay formed by two peninsulas on S. side of 
Lake Erie ; 55 NNE. franklin, 97 SW Buffalo, lOO E. Cleve- 
land, W. 354. Lon. 80. 8. W. Lat. 42. 10. N. Pop. 635. It 
contains a court-house, a jail, and a printing office. It is 
situated on a plain, whose banks are steep, and elevated 70 
feet above the water. It has an excellent harbour for small 
vessels. The shipping belonging to this port in 1816, amounted 
to 64+ tons. 

[x] Hummelstown, post-town, Dauphin co. Pa., on the Swa*- 
tara; 9 E. Harrisburg, 90 VV. Philadelphia, W.122. Pop. 448. 
H. 70. On the Swatara, 1^ ra. below the town, there is a 
large cave, which is esteemed a great natural curiosity. It a- 
bounds in stalactites and other petrifactions, which assume a 
great variety of curious forms. 

[^j Swatara, r. Pa., which runs SW. into the Susquehanna, 
at Middletovvn. 



248 



STATE ROADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued. 





u ■ 


^- i 


TOWNS, &LC. 




in 




OkQ 


sj-j 


Harrisbiirg^ [z] 


8 


104 


Mc Allister's, 


6 


110 


C larks Ferry, 


14 


124 


Cross Susquehanna River, [a] 


1 


125 


Cross Juniatta River, [6] 


9 


134 


Millers T. 


5 


139 


Thomastown, 


6 


146 


Mexico, 


6 


151 


Mifflin, [c] 


3 


154 


Lewistown, 


12 


166 


Beilefonte, as in No. 


28 


194 


Erie, as in do. 


187 


381 



No. 23. 

From Philadelphia to Warren, Ohio, by Hunt- 

ington and Indiana, 



Mifflin, as in last No. - 




154 


Lewistown, - ^ 


12 


166 


Waynsburg, 


10 


176 


Cross Standing Stone Creek to 






Huntingdon, 


21 


197 


Petersburg, 


7 


204 


Cross Shavers Creek, to 






Little Juiiiatta River 


1 


205 


Alexandria, 


2 


207 


Yellow Springs, 


7 


214 


Frankstown, 


10 


224 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C, 249 

[s] Hanisburg, post-town, Dauphin co. Pa., the seat of the 
slate government, on NE. bank of the Susquehanna; 16 E. 
Carlisle, 36 WNW. Lancaster, 98 W. Philadelphia, W. HO. 
Lon. 76. 50. W. Lat. 40. 16. N. Pop. 2,9U0. It contains a 
large and elegant state house, a court-house, a jail, 2 market 
houses, a bank, and 3 houses of public woiship, 1 for Luther- 
ans, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for German Presbyterians. It 
is very pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, a great part of 
the houses are handsomely built of brick, and the town makes 
a very fine appearance. Here is a very elegant covered bridge 
across the Susquehanna. 

[a] Susquehanna, the largest river of Pa., which is formed 
by the E. L W. branches. The E. rises in Otsego lake, NY., 
and the W. in Huntingdon co. Pa. They unite at Northumber- 
land. The liver then runs SE. into the head of the Chesapeake, 
in Md. It is 1| mile wide at its mouth, but is navigal)le only 
5 miles. The Susquehanna vvas surveyed in 1817 by commis- 
sioners appointed by Pennsylvania, wlio reported, that below 
Columbia no asi-ending navigation was practicable, but that, 
at the expense of about ^'20,000, every obstacle might be re- 
moved to the head of the two branches. A canal is in progress, 
which is to unite the waters of this river with those of the 
Schuylkill. 

[6j juniatta, navigable r. Pa., formed by three branches, 
which rise in the counties of Cainbria^ Bedford, and Huntingdon. 
It has an easterly course, and joins the Susquehanna, 11 m. 
above Harristaurg. 

[c] Alifflin CO. central part of Pa. ; bounded N. by Centre 
and Northumberland counties, E. by the Susquehanna, which 
separatHS it from Dauphin co., S. by Cumberland co., and W, 
by Huntingdon co. It is watered by tlie Susquehanna and Ju* 
niatta. Pop. in 1810, 12,132; in 1820, 16,618. Chief town, 
LewistQvvn. 



^50 



STATE ROADS 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, 





■-J, 


ttJ.i as 


TOWNS, &C. 


II 


111 
1 


Hollidaysburg, 


3 


227 


Blair'sSummit of Alleghany Moun- 






tain, 


5 


232 


Minister, 


6 


238 


Ebensburg, 


5 


243 


Beula, 


■2 


245 


Cross Blacklick Creek, to Little 






Blacklick Creek, 


10 


255 


Yellow Creek, 


7 


262 


Two Lick Creek, 


5 


267 


Indiana, 


3 


270 


Plumb Creek, 


13 


283 


Cowanshannock Creek, 


12 


295 


Kittaning, \d] 


2 


296 


Cross Alleghany River, to Buffalo 






Creek, 


6 


303 


Butler, 


13 


316 


Slippery Rock Creek, 


18 


334 


Cross Meshannock Creek to New- 






castle, 


9 


343 


Cross Shenango Creek, to Ohio 






State Line, 


9 


352 


Youngstown, [^1 


9 


361 


Wanen,in 


16 


376 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, ^C. 251 

[d] Kittaning, post-town, and cap. Arnnstrong co. Pa. on E. 
side of the Alleghany; 35 NE. Pittsburg, W. 233. Lon. 79. 
25. W. Lat.40. 30. N. Pop. 318; including the township, 1,294. 
It is a pleasant and thriving village. 

[el Youngstown, post-town, Trumbull co. Ohio, on the Ma- 
honing; 14 SE. Warren, W. 299. Pop. 1,025. It is a consid- 
erable and flourishing town. 

[f] Warren, post-town, and cap. Trumbull co. Ohio, on the 
Mahoning; 40 SE, Painesville, 77 NW. Pittsburg, W. 312. 
Pop. 435, It is a flouvishing town, and contains the county 
buildings, a bank, a printing office, and had, in 181 7, about 50 
houses. 



25S 



>TATE ROADi 



PENNSFLVANiA — Continued. 



No. 24. 
From Philadelphia to Pittsburg and Wheel- 
ing, by the Great Western Road, 



TOWNS, &C. 


II 


.il 
il 


Schuylkill River, \g] - 




2 


Buck Tavern, 


8 


10 


Paoli Tavern, 


10 


20 


Warren Tavern, 


2 


22 


Doivningstoivn, 


10 


32 


Sadsbury, 


10 


42 


Slaymakers, 


8 


50 


Paradise, 


4 


64 


Lancaster, [h] 


10 


64 


Little Conesto^a Creek, 


3 


67 


Big Chicques Creek, - 


7 


74 


Cross Little Chicques to Mount 






Joy, 


2 


76 


Elizabethtown , 


7 


83 


Conewago Creek, 


2 


85 


Swatera Creek j 


4 


89 


Middleion, 


1 


90 


High Spire, 


3 


93 


Harrisburg, 


6 


99 


Cross Susquehannah River, [i] 


1 


100 


Kings T. 


11 


111 


Carlisle, 


6 


117 


Stoughstown, 


13 


130 


Shippensburg, [j] 


7 1 


137 



DESCRIFTION O^ TO*VVA'S, <i:C. ^5o 

[g] Schuylkill River rises in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania,, 
and runs SE. into the Delaware, 6 miles below Fhilridelphia. 
It is 140 miles in length, and navigable for boats 90. There 
are falls on the river, 5 miles above Philadelphia, and Swedes 
Falls, a little below Norristown. A canal unites the waters 
of the Schuylkill with those of the Susquehannah. The Tul- 
pehocken, a navigable stream, flows into the Schuylkill 1 1-2 
miles above Reading. 

[h] City and capital of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania ; 
1 1-2 miles W. of the Conestoga Creek, which falls into the 
Susquehanna 9 miles SSW. of the city. — Lancaster is situa- 
ted in one of the most fertile and highly cultivated counties in 
Pennsylvania, It has an extensive trade, and several manu- 
factories. The city was settled originally by Germans, and its 
present inhabitants are mostly their descendants : English edu- 
cation, however, generally prevails. The public buildings are 
a court-house, jail, a market-bouse, poor-house, hospital, re- 
gister's office, college, 2 banks, and 10 houses of worship. — 
There are 6 newspapers published here — 3 in English, and Sin 
German. Population, 6,633. 

[i] The largest river in Pennsylvania, formed by the East 
and West Branches. The East rises in Otsego Lake, New- 
York, and the West in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania ; they 
unite at Northumberland. l"he river then runs SE. into the 
head of Chesaj^eake Bay, in Maryland. It is 1 1-4 miles 
wide at its mouth, but is navigable only 5 miles, 

[j] Cumberland county, Pennsylvania; the town is built 
along one street nearly 2 miles. It has 3 places of worship, 
and about 1,200 inhabitants. It is situated on the Conedowi- 
Het Creek. 



234 



STATE ROADS. 



PKNNSYLVANiA — Continued, 



TOWNS, &:c. 


u _ 






6 


iU 


Green Village, 


143 


Chambersburg, 


5. 


148 


Cross Conococheague Creek E. 






Branch, to St. Thomas, 


7 


155 


Cross West Branch do to Louden- 






to wn. 


6 


161 


Top of Tuscarora M. 


3 


164 


Mc ConnelPs Town - 


2 


166 


Bedford, as in N. W. Route, - 


31 


197 


Pittsburg, do do. 


83 


280 


Cross Monongahela River, to 






Canonsburg, 


18 


298 


Washington, [k] 


7 


305 


Wheeling, Va. 


29 


334 



No. 25. 

From Philadelphia to Pittsburg, by York and 

Gettysburg. 



Lancaster, as in 


last No. 


- 




64 


Columbia, [ / ] 


- 


- 


11 


75 


York, [m] 


^ 


- 


11 


86 


Abbotstown, 


« 


- 


15 


101 


Oxford, 


- 


- 


4 


105 


Conewago, 


- 


" 


1 


106 


Gettysburg, 


- 


- 


9 


115 


Marsh Creek, 


- 


- 


3 


118 


Head of Conococheague 


Creek, 


11 


129 


Chambersburg, 


- 


- 


10 


139 


Pittsburg, as in last No. 


- 


132 


271 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 25^ 

\k] Borough and capital of Washington county, Pennsylva- 
nia ; a flourishing town, with 1,687 inhabitants. The town 
contains a court-house, jail, 2 banks, 2 printing-offices, and a 
college, and several mills and manufactories. The college is a 
respectable stone building, having a valuable library, and 
philosophical apparatus. The course of collegiate education, 
is completed here in 3 years. 

[I] Columbia, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, on E. side 
of the Susquehanna r. ; a handsomely situated, and pleasant 
town, having a bank and 3 houses of worship. It has consid- 
erable irnde, mostly in lumber. Across the river, at this pUce, 
is a covered bridge, 1^ miles in length. Population, 1,891. 

\m] Uorough and cdpital of York county, Pennsylvania, on 
Codorus Creek, containing a population ol 3,675. Besides the 
county buildings, it has an Episcopal ucademy, and 8 houses of 
worship. The country around is luxuriant, and well culti- 
vated. 



256 



STATE ROADS. 



PEN N s YLv AN T A — Continued, 



No. 26. 

Fro7n Fhiladelphia to Pittsburgh by Leivis- 

toicn and Huntingdon. 



TOWNS, &C. 


If 




Hanisbiirg, as in No. 24, 


^ 




99 


Mifflin, as in No. 22, 


- 


50 


149 


Huntingdon, as in No. 23 


J- 


43 


192 


Beula, as in do. 




48 


240 


Reigarts, 


- 


11 


251 


Armagh, 


- 


5 


256 


Con em a ugh River, [n] 


- 


14 


270 


Dennibtons, 


- 


7 


277 


Cross Loyalhanna Creek, 


to New 






Salem, 


- 


8 


285 


Miirrays Mills, 


- 


8 


293 


East Liberty, 


- 


14 


307 


Pittsburg, [o] 


- 


5 


312 



_No. 27. 
From Philadelphia to Harrisburg. by Hum- 



meVs Toivn, 



Dovvningstown, 


as in No. 


24, 


Ip] 




32 


Manor Meetinghouse, - 






7 


39 


'Wajnesbnrg, 


- 




- 


6 


46 


Blue Bell, 


» 




- 


8 


53 


Swoopetown, 


- 




- 


5 


58 


Euphrata, 


- 




- 


i 5 


63 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, fcc. li^57 

\n] Conemaugh, r. Pa., which rises from the Alleghany 
mountains, and runs WNW. into the Alleghany under the 
name of Kiskemanetas ; 29 NNE. Pittsburg. 

[o] Pittsburg, for description, see page 211. 

[p] Downingstown, p-t. Chester co. Pa. ; 30 W. Philadelphia, 
W. 134. 



:i>j8 



STATE ROADS 



PENN s YLVANiA — CoTitinued* 



TOWNS, &C. 


1^ 
S.-B 


si; 

5ji 


Hopewell Forge, 
Campbell's Town, 
HummePs Town, 
Harrisburg, 


9 
14 

7 
9 


72 

86 

93 

102 



\ No. 28. 

jProm Philadelphia to Harrisburg^ by Mor- 
gantown. 



Warren Tavern, as before, 




22 


Opposite Yellow Springs, 


8 


30 


Morgantown, [q] 


15 


45 


Churchtown, 


4 


49 


Blue Bell, 


5 


64 


Harrisburg, as before, - 


49 


103 



No. 29. 
From Philadelphia to Lancaster, by W.Chester 



Hamiltonville, 




2 


Cobb's Creek, 


4 


6 


Darby's Creek, 


4 


10 


Crum Creek, 


5 


13 


Chester Creek, 


6 


21 


West Chester, [r] 


3 


24 


Brandy wine Creek, E. B. 


2 


26 


Marshaltown, 


2 


28 


Brand} wine Creek, W.B, [s] - 


5 


33 


Trueman's, 


6 


39 


Strasburg, \t] 


16 


63 


fiANC ASTER, 


8 


63 



DESCRfPTION OF TOWNS, Lc, 259 



[q] Morgantown, post-town, Berks county, Pennsylvania ; 
W. 142. 

[r] We^t Chester, borough and cap. Chester co., Pa. ; 23 W. 
Philadelphia, 40 E. Lancaster, W. 142. Pop. 559. It is sur- 
rounded by a fertile and well cultivated country, and contains 
a court-house, a Register's office, a jail, a market house, an 
academy, a public library, a bank, a printing office, and 3 
houses of public worship, 1 for Quakers, 1 foi Methodists, and 
1 for Catholics. The houses are mostly of brick and stone. 

[s] Brandywine, r. which rises in Pa., and passing into De- 
laware, joins the Christiana a little below Wilmington. It is 
40 miles long, and through its whole course is a fine stream 
well adapted to water works. The descent in 25 miles is 300 
feet. 

[/] Strasburg, post town, Lancaster co., Pa, ; 8 SE. Lan- 
caster, 58 W. Philadelphia, VV. U&. Pop. of the township, 
3,483. The village is pleasant, chiefly built of brick and stone. 



260 



STATE R'GADS< 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued. 



No. 30. 
From Harrisburg to Bedford, by Fanetsbiirg, 



TOWNS, &C. 


«5 

If 


si. 


Shippensburg, as in No. 24, 


M. 




38 


Strasburg, 


- 


10 


48 


Famietsburg, 


- 


7 


53 


Burnt Cabins, 


. 


4 


59 


Peach Orchard, 


- 


7 


66 


Top of Sideling Hill, - 


- 


6 


72 


Bedford Turnpike, 


«• 


4 


76 


Bedford, \v] 


- 


18 


94 



Na 31. 
i^rom Harrisburg to Bedford, by Neivville. 



Carlisle, as before, \io\ 




18 


Newville, 


11 


29 


Connedegwinnet Creek, 


7 


^^ 


Roxburg, 


8 


44 


Burnt Cabins, 


14 


58 


Bedford, as before, 


S6 


93 



No. 32. 

From Harrisburg lo Wilkesbarre, and thence 

to Bethany and Damascus, 



Northumberland, as in Great Nor- 
thern Route, 
Danville, [x] 



11 



52 
6S 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fec. 261 

\u] Shippensburg, post-town and borough Cumberland co. 
I'a., 20 N. by E. Chambersburg, 20 SVV. Carlisle, 140 W. 
Philadelphia, W. 103. Pop. J, 247. It is a considerable town, 
situated on a branch of tlie Conedovvinet creek, and. contains a 
market house, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyte- 
rians, 1 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for Metliodists. 

[r] Bedford, post-town, borough and cap. Bedford co. Pa.; 
100 ESE. Pittsburg, 200 W. Philadelphia, W. 129. Pop. of 
the borough, 789; including the township, 2,116. It is finely 
situated on a branch of the Juniatta, regularly laid out, 
and contains a court-house, a jail, a market house, a Presbyte- 
rian church, and a bank. It is built on an eminence envelop- 
ed by mountains. WilPs mountain, on the west side of the 
town, is 1,300 feet high, and Dunning's mountain, on the E. 
side, is 1,100 feet high. A mile and a half south of the town, 
there are mineral springs, which were discovered in 1S04, and 
are much resorted to, and are found useful in cutaneous com- 
plaints, ulcers, rheumatisms, chronic complaints, &c. 

[w] Carlisle, borough and cap, Cumberland co. Pa. ; 16 W. 
Harrisburg, lit W.Philadelphia, VV. 101. Lon. 77. 10 W. 
Lat.40. 12. N. Pop. in ISIO, 2,491; in 18^0, 2,908. It is 
pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, built chiefly of stone 
and brick, and has considerable trade. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, a market house, 2 banks, and 7 houses of public 
worship, 1 for English Presbyterians, 1 for German Presbyte- 
rians, 1 for Si.otch Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Lu- 
Iherar 1 for '-ethoditts, and 1 for Roman Catholics. Dick- 
inson t.-vjllege was founded in this town, in 1733, and continued 
a respectable and flourisiiing institution, till about 1816, when 
its operations were suspended. It has been reorganized, and 
its operations were recommenced in Jan. 1822. The officers 
consist of a president, who is also professor of moral philosophy, 
and three professors ; 1 of mathematics and natural philosophy; 
1 of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and 1 of rhetoric, belles let- 
ters, and the philosophy of the human mind. There is a gjrara- 
niar school connected with the college. 

[x} Danville, post-town, Columbia co. Pa., on the Susque- 
hanna, at the entrance of Mahoning creek, 11 miles above 
Northumberland ; 69 N. by E. Harrisburg, W. l1^. There 
16 a copper mine near this town* 



262 



STATE ROADS, 



PENN S YLVANI A CoUtiflUed. 



TOWNS, 


&c. 






4>"r 


Bloomsburg, 
Berwick, 


- 


- 


8 
13 


71 

84 


Beech Grove, 


- 


- 


2 


86 


Kingston, 


- 


- 


22 


108 


Wilkesbarre, [y] 


- 


- 


2 


110 


Pittston, [z] 


- 


- 


8 


118 


Providence, [a] 


- 


- 


8 


126 


Bethany, 
Damascus, 


_ 


- 


26 
13 


152 
165 



No. 33. 

From Harrisbur^ to MeansviUe. 



Northumberland, as in Great Nor- 




_. 


thern Route, 


- 




bS 


Milton, 


. 


12 


65 


Watsonsburg, 


- 


5 


70 


Pennsborough, 


- 


9 


79 


Lewis' Glassworks, 


- 


19 


88 


Rogers' 


. 


5 


93 


Eldridge, 


- 


7 


100 


Meansville, 


- 


18 


118 



No. 34. 
From Harrisburg to Wellsborough. 



Mc Allisters, at Fishing Creek - 

Millersburg, on Wiconisco Creek, 

Georgetown, 

Cross Susquehanna River, 



16 

10 

1 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC, 263 

:.-/• ■■ ' •' === 

j?/] Wilkesbavre, post-town, borough, and capital Luzerne 
county, Pennsylvania, on the Susquehanna; 115 NNW. Phi- 
ladelphia, Washington, 225. Long. 75 55 W. Lat. 41 12 N. 
Population, 755; including the township, 1,602. It contains a 
couit-house, a jail, 2 printing-offices, from each of which is is- 
sued a weekly newspaper, a bank, an academy, a Presbyterian 
meeting-house, and has some trade. Here is a bridge across 
the river. — The country around abounds in coal. 

[s] Pittston, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania ; Washington 
233. Population, 825 

[a] Piovidence, post-town, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania ; 
Waehington, 244. Population, 8€L 



264 



STATE ROADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, 



TOWNS, &C. 



Selins Grove, 

Lewisbur^, 

W. B. Susquehanna River, 

Newburg, 

Hews', 

Wellsboroiigh, [6] 



11 
12 

24 

2 

10 

28 



£1^ 



44 
56 
80 
82 
92 
120 



No. 35, 

j^rom Harrishur^ to Gettysburg, and thence 

to Harperh Ferry, 



Dills Town, 




14 


Petersburg, 


8 


22 


Heidlersburg, 


5 


27 


Gettysburg, [c] 


9 


36 


Emmitsburg, Md, 


10 


46 


Creegers T. - - 


11 


57 


Fredericktown, 


12 


69 


Harpers Ferry, [flf] 


21 


90 



No. 36. 
Fro/zi Philadelphia to Wheeling, by Gettys- 
burg and the Gi^eat National Road, 



Gettysburg, as in No. 25, 




116 


Fairfield, 


8 


123 


Waynesburg, 


15 


138 


Md. State tine, 


6 


144 


Hagerstown, [e] 


6 


150 



DESCRIPTION OF TOW.VS, «Lc. '2Cb 

[6] VVellsborough, post-tovvii, & cap. Tioga co. Pa. ; 45 N, 
by W.Williamspoit, W. 245. 

[c] Gettysburg, post-town, & cap. Adams co. Pa. on a branch 
of Rock cteek ; which flows into the Monocasy ; 28 WSW. York, 
113 W. Philadeiphia, W. 73. Lat- 39. 51. N. Pop. 1,102, 
It contains the county buildings, and a bank, and has some trade. 

[d\ Harper's Ferry, post-village, Jefferson co. Va., at the 
junction of the Shenandoah with the Potomac ; 8 ENE. Charles- 
jown, 30 NE. Wiiichester, 65 WNW. Washington. The celebra- 
ted passage of the Potomac, at this place, is an object truly 
grand and magnificent. The eye takes in at a glance, on th« 
north side of the Potomac and Shenandoah at their junction, an 
impetuous torrent foaming and dashing over numerous rocks, 
which have tumbled from precipices that overhung them, the 
picturesque tops and sides of the mountains, the gentle and 
winding current of the river below the ridge, presenting alto- 
gether a landscape capable of awakening the most delightful 
and sublime emotions. " This scene," says Mr. Jefferson, " is 
worth a voyage across the Atlantic." — There ii at this place, 
belonging to the United States, a very extensive establishment 
for the manufacture of arms. It was founded in 1798, and now 
employs about 260 workmen. There are 8 large brick buil- 
dings, 6 on the Potomac, and 2 on the Shenandoah, 2 miles dis- 
-tant, occupied by the works; also 2 large brick buildings occu- 
pied as an arsenal. 

[e] Hagerstown, or Elizabethtown, post-town, Sz capital 
Washington co. Md., on Antietam creek, 2G NW. Frederick- 
town, 71 WNW. Baltimore, W. 69. Pop. 2,690. It is regu- 
larly laid out, and contains a court house, a jaii, a market 
house, a bank, 4- bouses of public worship, 1 for German Lu- 
4berans, 1 for German Calvanists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for 
Methodists. A great part of the houses are built of brick and 
stone. It is situated in a fertile tract of country, and has consid- 
erable trade. There are a number of mills in the vicinity, oe 
AutietAm creek- Two newspapers are published here. 



S^ 



2CG 



STATE ROADS. 



PENN s Y LV AN I A — Continued, 




TOWNS, &:c. 


C) C 

• - tS 

0^2 


o"^ as 


Hancocktowii, [/] 
Cnmberland, [g\ 
Petersburg, 
Union, 

Brownsville, [h] 
Martinsburg, 
Wheeling, [/'J 


27 
39 
35 
25 
12 
27 
24 


197 

236 
271 
296 
308 
335 
339 



iNo. 37. 

From Philadelphia to Wheeling, by Cham- 

bersbnror and the Great National Road. 



Chambers])urg, as in No 25, - 



Mercersburg, 



Cove Mountain, 
Hancocktown, 
Union, as in last No. - 
Wheeling, as in do. 



16 

8 
10 
99 
63 



139 
155 
163 
173 

272 
335 



No. 38. 

From Philadelphia to Oxford, Chester coiin- 

ty, by the Marlborough Street Road, 



Crum Creek, 


. 




15 


Chester Creek, 


- 


6 


21 


Brand J wine Creek, 


•' 


5 


26 


Hed Lyon, 


- 


4 


30 


London Grove M. U. 


- 


3 


35 


Fagg's Manor, 


- 


7 


42 


Lower Oxford, 


- 


8 


6© 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (^C. 267 



[/] Hancock, post-town, Washitigton co. Md., on the Po- 
tomac; 34 W. Elizabelhtown, 103 W. Baltiinoie, VV. 96, 
Pop. 200. 

[g] Cumberland, post-town, and cap. Alleghany co. Md. 
on the Potomac, at the junction of Will's creek, 70 W. Ha- 
gerstown, 130 ESE. Wheeling, 150 W. by N. Baltimore, VV. 
135. It is a considerable town, and contains a court house, a 
jail, a market house, a bank, and 4 houses of public worship, 
1 for Lutherans, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Methodists, and 
1 built jointly by the Presbyterians and Episcopalians. In and 
adjoining the town are 3 merchant flour mills, 2 of them only 
now in operation. Two newspapers are published here. The 
mountains in the vicinity abound in stone coal, great quanti- 
ties of which are transported down the Potomac in flat and 
keel boats. The great western road, made 6y the U. S. go- 
vernment, extends from this town to the banks of ihe Ohio at 
Wheeling, and a survey has been made from thence to the 
Mississippi, 600 miles further. 

[h] Brownsville, post-town, and borough Fayette co., Pa. ou 
the Monongabela at the junction of Dunlap's and Red Stone 
creeks ; n N\V. Union, 25 SE. Washington, 32 SSE, Pittsburg, 
55 ESE. Wheeling, 210 NW. Baltimore, W. 215. Pop 976 ; 
and including the borough of Bridgeport, separated only by 
Dunlap's creek, l,600. It is situated at the point where the 
great Cumberland road strikes the head of navigation of the 
Monongahela ; and has long been a place of embarkation for 
emigrants to the west. The town has a picturesque site, built 
on the declivity of a hill, and the most elevated houses being 
about 30o feet higher than those on the river. It contains a 
bank, a printing office, a masonic hall, and 4 houses of public 
worship for Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Quakers, and Me- 
thodists. The town is built principally of brick and stone. 
It is situated in a district of country abounding in coal and 
iron ore, and contains various manufacturing establishments 
for the manufacture of iron, glass, cotton, card?, nails, wire, 
flour, &c. Saltwater also abounds in the vicinity. 

[i] Wheeling, post-town, Ohio co. Va., on the Ohio ; at the 
mouth of the Wheeling; 8 E. St Clairsville, 28 W. by S. 
Washington, Pa., 95 miles below Pittsburg, 130 WNW. 
Cumberland, 370 NW. Richmond, W. 270. It is built on a 
high bank, principally on one street, and contains a court- 
house, a jail, a market house, a bank, a church, about 200 
houses, and has some trade and manufactures. The Cumber- 
land road, lately opened, reaches the Ohio at this place. 



^e$ 



STATE ROADS, 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued. 



No. 39. 
From Philadelphia to RPCalPs Ferry. 



TOWNS, &:c. 



West Chester, as in No. 29 [j] 

Truemans, 

Octarara Creek, 

Hamil's, 

M'CalPs Ferrv, 






15 
7 

15 
7 



24 
39 
46 
61 
68 



No. 40. 

From Bedford to WJieeUng, by Somerset and 
Connelsville. 



Somerset, 




38 


Hill Creek, 


11 


49 


Flat Fiocks, 


4 


53 


Top of Laurel Hill, - 


2 


57 


Top of Cliesnut Fvidge, 


11 


68 


Cojinelsville, [A:] 


4 


72 


Plumpstock, 


9 


81 


Brown svilky [/J 


9 


90 


Marti nsburg, [m] 


27 


117 


Wheeling, 


24 


141 



No. 41. 
From Bedford to Connelsville, by Berlin. 



Cross [iajstowu B. toJuiiiatta, [n] 
Stotlers, head of Wills Creek - 
Vv'hite Horse, 



11 
6 



16 

22 



DESCRIPTION OF TOTTSTS, ^C, 269 

r^J VVest Chester, capital of Chester co. Pennsylvania, con- 
taining a court-house, bank, market house, and nearly 600 in- 
habitants. 

[k] Borough, Fayette co. on north side of the Youghaay, 
having a fine commanding situation. In tlie vicinity of the 
town there are a number of merchant mills, furnaces, forge?, 
and other mills. Th«r Youghany rises in V^a. and runs NNW. 
into the Monongahela 15 ni. SE. of Pittsburg. It is navigable 
to Connelsville. 

II] Brownsville, Fayette CO. Pa. is beautifully situated on 
the Monongahela ; the most elevated part of the town is 300 
feet highei than that on the river. It is a place of wealth and 
trade, and has a bank and printing ( ffice, and a great number 
of mills and manufactories. Population, including Bridgeport, 
which is separated from Brownsville, by Dunlap's Creek, 1395. 

[m] Martinsburg, capital of Berkely co. Va. is situated in a 
fertile and well cultivated country, and contains the county 
buildings, an academy, Episcopal church, and about 80 houses. 

[n] Juniatta, a navigable river, formed by 3 branches, which 
rise in the counties of Cambria, Bedford, and Huntingdon. 
It has an easterly course, and joins the Susquehanna 11 miles 
above Harrisburg. 



23* 



270 



STATE ROADS 



PEiNNSYLVANiA — Continued, 



TOWNS, &C. 


ii 






s.i 


Q| 


Top of Alleghany Mountain, 


2 


24 


Berlin, 


3 


27 


Coxe's Creek, 


9 


36 


Laurel Hill Creek, - 


9 


45 


Flat Rocks, 


4 


49 


ConnehviUe, 


17 


m 



No. 42. 
From Somerset to Connelsville, by Milford. 



Milford, 




8 


Laurel Hill Creek, 


1 


9 


Cummin's, top of Laurel Hill, 


6 


15 


Jndian Creek, 


7 


22 


Top of Chesnut Ridge, 


7 


29 


Connelsville, 


6 


35 



No. 43. 

From Connelsmlle to Ohio River, by Union 
and Wayneshurg, 



Union, 




11 


M' Lellentown, 


8 


19 


Silby's Ferry, iVIonongahela R.[o] 


4 


23 


Wayneshurg, 


15 


38 


Virginia State Line, - 


24 


62 


Ohio River, at the mouth of L. 






Fishing Creek, [p] - 


16 


78 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fcc, 271 

[o] Monongahela river rises from the Laural mountains in 
Va. and runs north into Pennsylvania, uniting with the Alle- 
ghany at Pittsburg, it forms the Ohio. It is navigable for bat- 
teaux to Brownsville, and farther still for lighter craft. Its 
length is 300 miles. 

[p\ Ohio river is formed by the Union of the Alleghany and 
Monongahela rivers at Pittsburg. It has a WSW. course of 949 
miles, when it joins the Mississippi, 193 miles below the Mis- 
souri, in Lon. 80. 58. W. Lai. 37. N. By a direct line it is 
only 614 miles from Pittsburg. The river varies in breadth 
from 400 to 1400 yards. 

At Cincinnati it is 534 yards wide, which is about its aver* 
age breadth. It has considerable falls at Louisville. The 
descent being 22^ feet in two miles. The river contains 100 
islands. 

The mean height of its current is estimated at 3 miles an 
hour, when very low, 2 miles. It has a great number of flour- 
ishing towns on its banks, which will be noticecj. 



272 



STATE ReADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, 



No. 44 
From Washington to 


Stenhenville. 




TOWNS, &c. 




1 


Mount Pleasant, 

Eldersvilie, 

Steubenville, 


- 


10 
9 


10 
20 
29 



No. 45. 

from Pittsburg to Erie, by Harmony and 

Mercer, 



fdarmouy, [q'] 


^ 


- 




27 


Mercer, [r] 


- 


- 


32 


59 


Meadvilkj [s] 


- 


. 


30 


89 


Erie, [f 


- 


- 


40 


129 



No. 46. 

From Pittsburg to Erie, by Beaver and 

Neiocastle. 



Beaver, 


„ 


_ 





28 


Newcastle, [it] 


. 


_ 


22 


50 


Mercer, 


. 


- 


18 


68 


Erie, as in last, 


- 


- 


70 


138 



No. 47. 

From Pittsburg to Neiv Orleans, by the Ohio 
and Mississippi. 



Neville's Island, 
Big Sewicklj Creek, 
leaver Toivn, [r] 



8 


8 
16 


13 


29 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. ^^7$ 

[q] Harmony, post-village, Butler co. Pa. ; 16 Butler, W. 
24B. Pop. 217. 

[ r] Mercer, post-town, borough, anri capital Mercer co. Pa.; 
70 NN VV. Pittsburg, W. 262. Pop. 506. 

[si Meadville, post-town, and capital Crawford co. Pa.; 
on French Creek; 25 W. Franklin, 37 S. Erie, W. 312. Lon. 
80. U. W. Lat. 41. 37. N. Pop. 649. It is very pleasantly 
situated, regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a 
bank, an arsenal, a printing office, a social library, an academy, 
a college, and a Presbyterian meeting house. It is a flourishing 
town, connected with Erie, Pittsburg, and Philadelphia, by 
turnpikes. 

[t] Erie, CO. NW. corner of Pa.; bounded NNW. by Lake 
Erie, E. by New York and Warren cos., S. by Crawford co.j 
and W. by Ohio. Pop 8.553. 

[u] JSewcastle, post-town, Mercer co. Pa. ; W. 297, 

[f] Beaver town, post-town, Union co. Pa.W. IG^r 



274 



STATE ROADS. 



PENNSYLVANIA ^OUCluded. 



TOWNS, &C. 



Ohio state line, - - 13 

Steubenville, [w] - - 24 

Wheeling, - - 20 

Newport, - - 63 

Marietta & Muskinghum R. Ohio, 14 
Blaiinerhasset Island, - 13 

Bellville, Va. - - 14 

Little Falls, - - 3] 

GaUipolis, O. - - 31 

Maysville, K, [x] - - 128 

Augusta J K. - - 16 

Cineinnati Ohio and Newport K. 38 
North Bend, - - 15 

Lawrenceburg, Indiana, - 6 

Bellevue, - - 10 

Vevay, Indiana and Ghent K. - 34 
Madison, Indiana, - - 22 

Transylvania, Ken. and Utica Ind. 31 

Falls of Ohio. 
Shippingport, K. - '10 

Evansviile, Indiana, - - 180 

Shawnee ToAvn, II. - - 62 

Smithland^ and Cumberland R., K. 59 
America, II. - - 46 

Confluence of the Ohio and Mis. 12 
Arkansas River, - - 339 

JWttches, - - 281 

New Orleans, - - 276 



i ^ 

C !- 



42 
66 
86 
149 
163 
176 
190 
221 
252 
380 
396 
434 
449 
455 
465 
499 
521 
558 

568 

748 

810 

869 

915 

927 

1266 

1547 

1823 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, kc, 275- 

\w] Steubeiiville, post-town, and capital Jefferson co. Ohio, 
Oil thu Ohio, C9 miles, by the river, below Pittsburg, 38 by land, 
109 above Marietta, 25 NE. St. Clairsville, 150 E. by iN. Co- 
lumbus, W. 277. Lon. 8. 40. W. Lat. 40 25. N. Fop. 2539. 
It is a very flourishing town, regularly laid out, and contained 
in I8l7j 453 houses, 3 churches, an academy, 2 banks, a mar- 
ket house, a woollan manufactur}-, the machinery of which is 
put in motion by a steam engine, a s(jeam paper mill, a flour 
mill and cutton manufactory driven by steam power, a j)rinting 
office, from wliich is issued a weekly newspaper, an air foun- 
dery, 27 retail stores, and 16 public inns. 

[x] Maysville, post-town, Mason co. Ren., on the Ohio ; 3 
NE. Washington, 60 NE. Lexington, 63 above Cincinnati, 
W. 488. Pop. in 1810, 335 , in 1820, 1,130. It is a flourish- 
ing town, and contains a glass manufactory, a printing office, 
&c. It has more trade than any other town in Kentucky, ou 
the Ohio, above Louisville. The site on which it is built is 
pleasant, but confined, not more than 50 rods wide, and the 
hills in its rear rise abruptly to the height of 450 feet. 

[y] Ohio, i. e. in the Indian language, Beautiful river, r U. 
S., formed by the Union of the Alleghany and Monnngahela, at 
Pittsburg, Pa. It separates Virginia and Kentucky on th^ 3« 
from the siatf s of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, on the N, and 
altera WSW. course of 949 miles, joins the IMississippi. l93 
miles below the Missouri, in Lon. 88. 58. W. Lat. 37 N. From 
Pittsburgh to its mouth, by a direct line, it is only 614- miles. 
The river varies in breadth from 400 to 1400 yards. At Cin- 
cinnati it is 534 yards, which may be regarded its mean breadth. 
It is an excellent river for inland navigation. Its current is 
very gentle, and nowhere broken by any considerable falls, ex- 
cept at Louisville. The whole descent here, in 2 miles, is 22| 
feet, but the current is not so broken but that boats have, 
in many instances, ascended the falls. A canal is contemplat- 
ed around these falls 

The annual range from high to low water is upwards of 50 
feet, and its extreme range about 60 feet When lowest, it 
may be forded in several places above Louisville. It is frozen 
over almost every winter near Pittsburg, and has been frozen 
about 400 miles below Pittsburg. The navigation is generally 
suspended 8 or 10 weeks, during the winter, by floating ice. 
Its current when at mean height, is estimated at 3 miles ai: 
hour, when very low 2 miles. The river contains 100 Islands, 
but there are none betv.een the states of Ohio and Kentucky.- 
Steara Ijoats are now employed on this river with great advan- 
tage. The principal towns on the Ohio, below Pittsburg, art 
Steubenville, Wheern\<T Marietta, Gallipolis, Maysville, Cifv- 
cirinati, Madison, and LouisvUe. 

The length of the Ohio, from Pittsburg to the Mississippi, i» 



25C 



STATE ROADS, 



DELAWARE. 



No. 1. 

From Wilmington to Westchester, Pa, 



TOWNS, &C. 


ll 

3 

7 




Pennsylvania Line, 
Birmingham, 
West Chester, 


8 
11 
18 



No. 2. 
From Wihninsiton to Lancaster^ Pa. 



Pennsylvania State Line, 




11 


London Grove, 


3 


14 


Cochranville, 


11 


25 


Lancaster Turnpike, - 


12 


Sf> 


Lancaster, 


14 


49 



No. 3. 

From Wilmington to Dover, and thence to 

Lewistoxcn. 



Newcastle, 




5 


Lebanon, 


7 


12 


St. Georges, 


3 


15 


Cantwell's Bridge, 


7 


22 


Blackbird, 


6 


28 


Smyrna, [z] 


6 


34 


Dover, [a] 


12 


46 


Frederica, 


12 


58 


Cedar Creek, 


5 


Q^S 


Prune Hook, 


7 


70 


Broad Kill, 


4 


74 


Le\^'istovvn, 


5 


79 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, 4cG. 



measured, according to its meanders, by captain Hutchiiis, is 
1188 miles. But according to the surveys made by the U. S. on 
the N. biink, is only 949 miles. The following table of dis- 
tances is taken from Dr. Diake, and is founded chiefly ou those 
surveys: 

From Pittsburg to miles. whole dtsU 

Big Beaver river 30 30 

Little Beaver river^ 13 43 

Steubenville 26 69 

Wheeling 26 95 

Marietta, 83 178 

Great Kenhawa river 87 265 

Big Sandy river 47 312 

Scioto river .* 40 352 

Maysville 50 402 

Little Miami river 56 45S 

Cincinnati ; 7 465 

Great Miami river 20 4S5 

Kentucky river 43 533 

Louisville 54 587 

Salt river 23 610 

Anderson's river 98 708 

Green River 52 760 

Wabash river 61 821 

Shawneetown 10 831 

Cave-in-rock 20 ^51 

Cumberland river 40 891 

Tennessee river, 12 ........... 903 

Fort Massac 8 9ll 

Mississippi 38 94-9 

[y] Kent county, Delaware, on Duck Creek, about 10 miles 
above its mouth. It is a place of considerable business, and 
bas a bank and an academy Population, about 600. 

[z] On Jones' Creek, Kent county, 7 miles above its entrance 
into Delaware Bay. It is a pleasant, well built, town, principal- 
ly on 4 Streets, which cross each other at right angles, and form 
a square upon which stands the State Plouse. It contains a 
bank, an academy, and 2 houses of vvoiship, and nearly 1000 
inhabitants. 



21 



278 



STATE ROABS, 



MARYLAND. 






No. 1. From Baltimore to Hanover, 


TOWNS, &c. 


si 




Uookstown, 




6 


Reisterstown, 


11 


17 


Manchester, 


14 


31 


Pennsylvania state line, 


4 


35 


Hanover, - _ - 


6 


41 


No. 2. 






T^rom Baltimore to Chambersburg and Hun- 


tin ff don, Pa. 






Keisterstown, 




17 


Westminster, [a] 


11 


28 


Pennsylvania State Line, 


12 


40 


Petersburg, 


2 


42 


Gettysburg, [6] 


10 


52 


Marsh Creek, 


3 


55 


Conococheague Creek, 


11 


66 


Chambersburg, 


11 


77 


Cross Conococheai^ue Creek, to 






Clark's Gap, N.^ Mountain, - 


10 


87 


Fannetsburg, 


8 


95 


Top of Tuscarora Mountain, - 


2 


97 


Top of Shade Mountain, 


10 


107 


Shirleysburg, 


9 


116 


Cross Angwick Creek, 


1 


117 


Drakes Ferry, Juniatta River, - 


9 


126 


Cross Standing Sone Creek to 






Huntingdon, [c] 


11 


ia7 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, ^C. 279 

[a] Frederick county, Maryland j a pleasant town ; built 
»o sily on one street, and has a bank and printing office. 

[6] Capital of Adams county, Pennsylvania, on a branch of 
Rock Creek, which flows into the Monocacy. It contains the 
county buildings, a bank, and some trade. 

[c] Capital of Huntingdon copnty, Pennsylvania, on N. side of 
Juniatta ; the village has a population of about 700 ; the town* 
phip, nearly 2000. It is a pleasantly situated town, and coo. 
tains the county buildings, a bank, and 4 houses of worship.- 



'ISO 



STATE ROADS. 



MARYLAND — Continued, 

No. 3. 
From Baltimore to Piitshuro, 



TOWNS, &C. 


11 


lis 


Gwin's Falls, 


- 




3 


Ellicott's Mills, 


- 


7 


10 


Cross Patapsco River to 

Spring, [d\ 
Parr Spring, 


Poplar 


17 

4 


27 
31 


New Market, 




6 


36 


Monocacy River, 
Fredericktown, 


- 


6 
4 


41 

45 


Pittsburg, as in N. Wn. 


Route, 


177 


222 



No. 4. 
JVom Baltimore to Winchester and Staun- 
ton, Va. and thence to Knoxville, Tenn. 



Fredericktown, 


as abovcj 


. 




43 


Newton, 


. 


- 


7 


62 


Harper^ Ferry, 


- 


- 


14 


66 


Cross Potomac River to 


Charles- 






ton Va. 


- 


<r 


10 


76 


Smithfield, 


- 


m 


8 


84 


Winchester, 


• 


- 


11 


93 


Stephensburgf 


- 


- 


8 


103 


Middleton, 


- 


- 


6 


109 


Strasburg, 


- 


- 


6 


115 


Woodstock, 


. 


m 


12 


127 


Shrjock, 


. 


. 


6 


133 


New Market, 


- 


- 


12 


145 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 281 

[d] Patapsco river, Maryland, runs S. E. into Chesapeake 
bay, between North Point and Bodkin Point. It is navigable 
to Fell's Point, in Baltimore, 14 miles, for ships drawing 18 
feet water. 



24* 



1^2 



STATE ROADS. 



MARYLAND — Continucd. 







* i 


« "3 

c — 


TOWNS, &:c. 




•s 5 


m 


Big Spring, 


_ 


9 


154 


Harrisonburg, 


- 


9 


163 


Cross Head waters of Shenandoah 






River, [e] 


- 


8 


171 


Staunton, [/] 


- 


17 


198 


Knoxville, as in S. Wn. 


Route, 


377 


!575 



No. 5. 
jPro/?i Baltimore to Norfolk, by Steamboat, 



Bodkin Point, Chesapeake Bay, 




15 


Sandy Point, 


11 


2G 


Annapolis, 


6 


32 


Three Sisters, 


10 


42 


Sharpens Ishuid, 


16 


58 


Cone Point, 


15 


73 


Outlet of Patuxent River, r^] - 


5 


78 


Pt.Lookout, outlet of Potomac r.[/i] 


18 


96 


Smith's Point, 


10 


106 


Outlet of Rappahannock R. [/] 


25 


131 


Norfolk, 


60 


191 



No. 6. 
Frow Baltimore to Annapolis; by land. 



Gwin's Falls, Patapsco River, - 
Hambur;^ Ferry, 
Severn River, 
rtnnapolis, 



6 
10 
11 



3 

9 

19 

30 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, Lc, 2ft3 

',.. • ' - ■ ,■.,■;■■ r-' ■...,.■ ■,'■_' 

[e] Shenandoah river rises in Augusta county, and, after a 
course of 200 miles, joins the Potomac, in latiiuda 38 degrees, 
just before the latter bursts through the Blue Ridge. It is com- 
posed of 4 branches, South, middle, and North Rivers, and the 
Shenandoah. Jt flows thro' a fertile part of Virginia, and is 
navigable for boats 100 miles. 

[/] Staunton, capital of Augusta county, V'"a. has a beautiful 
and healthy situation, is regularly laid out, and contains t 
court-houses, an academy, 3 churches, and loOO inhabitants ; 
12 miles from the rown is a sulphur spring, much resorted to in 
the v/arm season. 

[g\ Fatuxent river, Maryland, runs S.E. into the Chesapeake 
Bay, 18 miles north of the Potomac. It is navigable for ves- 
sels of 250 tons to Nottingham 50 miles. 

[h] The Potomac river rises in two branches, north and south, 
near the Alleghany mountains, and forms the se])arating line 
between Maryland an(1 Virgiuia thro' its whole course. It flows 
into the Chesapeake Bay, between Point Lookout and Smith's 
Ponit, where it is 7^ miles wide. The termination of the tide 
water is 300 miles from the sea ; and the river is navigable for 
ships of the greatest burden through nearly that distance. — 
There aie several falls above tide water. Its length above the 
tide is upwards of 300 miles through an inhabited and for the 
most part fertile country. 

[i] Happahannack river rises in the Blue Fridge, and runs 
E. S. E about 130 miles into the Chesapeake Bay, 25 miles S. 
of the Potomac. It is navigable for vessels under 140 tons to 
Fredericksburg, Va. HO miles fi cm its nioutli. 



234 



STATE ROADS. 



MARYLAND — Continued. 



No. 7. 

From Baltimore to Frederick, Maryland, and 

thence to Middletoivn, Delaware. 







■ 


s- „ 




TOWNS, 


&c. 






a 1^ 


By Water. 








N. Point, 


. 


. 




12 


Rock Hall, 


. 


.. - 


11 


23 


By Land, 








St James, 


•■ 


- 


1 


24 


Chestertown, [^J 


.' 


.. 


5 


29 


New Market, 


. 


- 


9 


38 


Cross Roads, 


* 


- 


7 


45 


Georgetown, 


■* 


- 


2 


47 


Frederick, 


. 


. 


5 


52 


Warwick, 


- 


- 


6 


68 


Middleioivn, 


- 


- 


6 


63 



No. 8, 
Frojn Baltimore to Wadshoro\ Maryland. 



Reisterstown, 
Liberty Town, 
Woodsborough, 



25 
5 



17 

42 

47 



No. 9. 
From Baltimore to Clarksburg, Maryland. 



EUicotts, 


- 


- 




10 


Hilton, 


- 


. 


3 


13 


Unity Town, 


. 


• 


14 


27 


Clarksburg, 


- 


- 


12 


39 



BESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &€, 285' 

• '■'■'i. ;•■'■!'.■. ■ . ; f : ■ i a»i> 

[;'] Kent county, Maryland, on Chester river, about 16 miles 
from its confluence with the Chesapeake. It was formerly a 
place of considerable business, contains a courthouse, 2 church" 
8S, and the buildings of Washington College, which are used 
for a Latin and English school, with an annual donation frem 
the State of 800 dollais. 



2;86 



STATE ROADS. 



MARYLAND — Continued, 


No. 10. 

From Baltimore to RockviUe, Maryland. 


TOWNS, &c. 


11 


lis 

If 


Unify Town, as in last No. 
Rockville or Montgomery C. H. 


12 


27 
39 


No. 11. 
From Baltimore to Denton, 


Cross Chesapeake Bay, 
Sharkstown, Kent L - 
Queenstown, 
Hillsborough, 
Denton, 


5 
8 

12 
6 


41 
46 

55 
66 

72 


No. 12. 

From Annapolis [k] to Fort Washington. 


Queen Ann, 
Upper Marlboro', 
Fort Washington, 


9 

20 


13 

22 
42 



No. 13. 

From Annapolis to St. Leonard's and Drum 

Point. 



London Town, 

Pig Point, 

L©wer Marlborou"jb, - 





6 


12 


18 


12 


§0 



DESCRIPTION Of TOWNS, &C. 287 

[k] City and port of entry, Anne Arundel county, Maryland, 
on S. W. side of the Severn, 2 miles from its mouth. It is the 
seat of the State Legislature, and has an elevated healthy situ- 
ation commanding a fine view of the Chesapeake Bay. It con- 
tains a handsome large State House, a markethouse, theatre^ 
bank, and 2 houses of Worship. The shipping of Annapolis 
amounts to ftbx)ut 2,000 tons. Population 2,260. 



288 



STATE ROADS. 



MARYLAND Coi 


itinued. 






TOWNS, 


&c. 




0,3 


Hi 
Is- 


Hunting Town, 
Port Frederick, 
Su Leonards^ 
Drum Pointy 


- 


• 


10 

2 
12 
10 


40 
42 
64 
64 



No. 14. 

From Easton to SnowhilL 



Cambridge, [/] 


- 


- 




19 


Middletown, 


.. 


- 


9 


28 


Vienna, 


- 


- 


9 


37 


Salsbury, [m' 


- 


- 


13 


50 


Snowhill, 


- 


- 


18 


68 



No. 15. 

From Kingstown^ Maryland^ to Princess Ann 
and Leivistoivn, Delaware. 



Academy, 




4 


Princess Ann, [«] 


5 


y 


Trap, 


6 


13 


Salisbury, 


8 


23 


Lawrcl, 


15 


38 


Georgetown, 


18 


56 


Lewistovvn, [o] 


20 


76 



DESCRIPTIQX GF TOWNS, 8^C. 28^ 

[I] Capital of Dorchester county, Maryland, on S. side of 
the Choptank. It contains tlie county buildings, a bank, and 
an academy, and 2 places of worship ; the town is much on the 
decline. The Choptank rises in Delaware, and runs through 
Maryland, into the Chesapeake, South of Tilghman's Island. 

[m] Port of entry, Somerset county, Maryland, between the 
two principal branches of the Wicomico. It has considerable 
trade in lumber and some manufactures, and about 100 houses. 
The Wicomico river rises in Delaware, and falls into the Ches-' 
apeake S. of tiie Naiiticoke. 

[n] Princess Antie, capital of Somerset county, Maryland, 
one of the handsomesc towns on the K. Shore, but rather un- 
healthy. It contains a court house and a handsome building 
that was built for a bank, an academy, 2 places of worship, 
and about one hundred dwelling houses. 

[o] Post-town, Sussex co. Delaware, on Lewes creek, 3 m. 
from its entrance into Delaware bay ; 3 WNW. Cape Henlo* 
pen light house, 112 S. Philadelphia, W. 150. It has an eleva- 
ted and pleasant situation, and contains an academy, a Pres- 
byterian and a Methodist meeting house, and nearly 100 
houses. It was formerly the seat of justice for the county. — 
Here are salt works about 10,000 feet in extent, for the pur- 
pose of manufacturing salt by the sun. They are esteemed a 
curiosity. 



290 



STATE ROADS. 



MARYLAND Coiiclu 


lied. 






No. 16. 

From Fredericktown to Marlborough 
Nottingam, 


and 


TOWNS, Lc. 


= c- 
■= = 

— 'r. 

14 

16 

9 




Rockville, 
Bladensburg, 
Marlborough, 
Nottingham, 


- 


28 
42 
58 
67 



No. 17. 

i^rom Elkton, [p] Maryland, to Easton, and 
thence to Gold sho rough's Island, 



Warwick, 

Sassafras Tov/n, 

Massy's Cross Roads, 

Bridgetown, 

Church Hill, 

Centrevilie, 

Hookton, 

East on, [q] 

Hole in the wall, 

Trap, 

Cambridge^ [/] 

Churchtown, 

( joldsboro's I., 



5 

3 

11 

9 
20 

o 
O 

8 

o 
O 

8 

8 

21 



18 
21 

26 
29 
40 
49 
69 
72 
80 
83 
91 
99 
120 



rT^scRirTioN OF towns, &:c. 291 

\p] Capital of Cecil county, Maryland, on Elk river at the 
head of navigation, 20 milfs above the entrance into the Ches- 
apeake. The town has fallen very much into decay. Besides 
the county buildings, it has an academy and a bank, 

[g] Capital of Talbut county, Maryland, on Tread Haven 
Creek, 13 niiles, above its confluence with the Choptank. It 
i? a flourishing town, and has cotisiderable trade. Here are a 
courthouf-e, a uiarkethouse, and 3 houses of worship. 

\r] The capital of Dorchester county, Maryland, on S. 
side of the Choptank, 18 miles above its entrance into tne 
Ches.ipeake It has a low flat situation, and contains the 
county buildinjfs, 2 churches, a market house, and an academy 
incorporated, and endowed with an annual income of 6o0 dol- 
lars. Population, 1,300. 



292 



STATE R0AD3. 



VIRGINIA, 



No. 1. 
From Norjolk to Richmond: by Steamboat 









TOWNS, &C. 


ll 




Mouth of Elizabeth River, 




9 


Days Point, 


10 


19 


Hog Ishuid, 


16 


35 


Swans Point, 


9 


44 


Chickahomany River, 


4 


48 


Fort Powhatan, 


21 


69 


Eppes' Island, 


17 


86 


Chesterfield, 


23 


109 


Richmond, 


13 


122 



No. 2. 
From Norfolk to Richmond; by Land* 



Mouth of Elizabeth River, 
Cross Hampton Roads to Hamp 

ton, [.'j] 
Half Way House, 
York, [t] - - 

Williamsburg, [w] 
Chiswell, 
Cumberland, 
Chickahomany River, 

RirflMOND, 



11 
10 
12 
14 
16 
16 
14 



17 

28 
38 
50 
64 
80 
96 
110 



Sic. 293 

[s] Capital of Elizabeth City county, Virginia, at the head 
of a bay which runs up north from the mouth of James river, 
called Hampton Road. It is a pleasant little town, containing 
about 50 houses; a steamboat passes twice every day from 
jNorfolk to Hampton ; the shipping of the latter port amounts 
to upwards of 2,0C0 tons. 

[/] Or Yorktown, port of entry, and capital of York county, 
on 'j. side of York river ; the Harbour here is one of the best 
in Virginia ; the nver is here contracted to the width of a mile 
and enclosed by high banks. The town has gone much to de- 
cay, but is famous as being the place ^here the Americans cap- 
tured the Biitish troops under Lord Cornwallis, October 19tb, 
1781 

■[u] Formerly the seat of govern-ment for the State of Vir- 
ginia, in James city county, situated between two rivulets, ene 
of which flows into York, and the others into James river. It 
is regularly laid out, and contain a State house, court- 
house, jail, hospital, college, and an Episcopal church. Most 
of the houses are in a dilapidated state, and the town generally 
in decay The college of William and Mary was founded here 
in 1691, and endowed by King William with £2,000 and 20,000 
acres of land, with additional revenue, from other sources, but 
the income is now greatly diminished. The College contains a 
library of 3,000 volumes, and a valuable philosophical appa- 
ratus. 



25* 



294 



STATE ROADS 



VIRGIN I A — Continued* 



No. 3. 
Fro7n JS^orfolk to Petersburg ; hy Steamboat. 



TOWNS, fcc. 


ij 

1 

10 




Eppes Island, as in No. 1 , 
Outlet, of Appomatox, River, [v] 
Petersburg, 


8t5 
87 
97 



No. 4. 
Fiotn Norfolk to Petersburg; by Land. 



Cross Elizabeth R. 


to Portsmouth, 




1 


Mansemond River, 


[w] 


. 


17 


18 


Smithfield, 




* 


10 


28 


Surry C. H. 


" 


• 


21 


49 


Cabin Point, 


. 


_ 


16 


65 


Merry Oaks, 


- 


~ 


12 


77 


Petersburg, 


- 




15 


92 



No. 5. 
From Norfolk to Warrenton, North Carolina, 



Portsmoutii, [x] 


- 




1 


Suffolk, 


« 


27 


28 


Southampton C. II. - 


- 


22 


50 


Cross Nottavvav River, 


- 






Cross Meherrin River to 


Mu) frees- 






borouf(h, 


- 


18 


68 


Rock Landing, Lower F 


alls of Ro- 






anoke, 


- 


30 


98 


Warren ton, [?/] 




31 


129 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. 295 

[v] Appomatox river rises in Campbell county, Virginia, and 
has an Easterly course of about 120 miles, when it unites with 
the James River at City point. It is navigable to Petersburg. 

[w] Nanfcemond river runs into Hampton Road. It is naviga- 
ble for vessels of 100 tons to Suffolk, and for those of 25u t» 
ijleepy Hole. 

[x] Norfolk county, Virginia, opposite Norfolk, the distance 
of 1 mile on the S. W. side of Elizabeth river, having one port 
of entry for both places. Portsmoutb is pleasantly situated, 
and contains a courthouse, jail, sugar refinery, an academy, 
and 4 houses of worship 

\y\ Capital of Warren county, N. Carolina, 56 miles N. N, 
K. of Raleigh, containing the county buildings, a ctiurch, and 2 
academies. It has an elevated and healthy situation ; about 2 
mile^ E, of the to\v^n there is a mineral spring. 



2^0 STATE ROAt)S« 






VIRGINIA — Continued. 


No. 6. 






From Norfolk to Raleigh, K C\ hy 


1 Tarhoro\ 


TOWNS, &C. 


II 


E . 




^Q 


"P 


Suffolk, as before, 




28 


N. Carolina State Line, 


11 


39 


Constant's, 


10 


49 


Mitchels, 


6 


55 


Parkers, 


5 


60 


Edenton, 


17 


77 


Cross Albemarle Sound, to Mac- 






kees Ferrv, 


10 


87 


Plymouth, 


14 


101 


Jameston, 


12 


113 


Williamston, 


11 


124 


Cross Tar Kivcr to Tarhorongh, 


34 


158 


Li tic River, 


4a 


206 


Neiise River, 


11 


217 


Raleigh, 


G 


253 



No. 7. 

From Norfolk to Fayetteville, hy the Canal 
and Albemarle Sound. 



Enter Dismal Swamp, [z] 
N. Carolina State Line, 
Pasquotank River, 
Elizabeth City, [a] 





8 


13 


21 


10 


31 


12 


43 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &€. 297 



[z] Dismal Swamp extends over iiearly 150,000 acres, com" 
menciDg a little S. of Norfolk, in Virginia, and terminating in 
N. Carolina. It is 3o miles long from N. to S. and 10 broad. 
This tract is entirely covered with trees, except a lake 7 miles 
in length near tiie centre called Drummond's Pond. The Pas- 
ijuotank flows from this Lake South, and the Nansemond North. 

[a\ Camden county, N. Carolina, on the nanows of Pasquo-. 
tank liver, IS miles from Pamlico Sound. Smnll vessels come 
up to \he town, which is favourably situated, and has consid- 
erable business. 



293 



STATE ROADS. 



VIRGINIA- 



Continued, 



TOWNS, 8CC. 




lis 


By Steamboat, 








Wade's Point, Albemarle Sound, 


17 


60 


Mouth of Roanoke River, 


TM 


45 


105 


Plymouth, [c] 




8 


113 


By Land, 








Jameston, 


- 


13 


126 


Wiiliamston, 


- 


10 


136 


Tarborouoh, [d] 


- 


32 


168 


Stauntonsburg, 
Cross Little River, 


. 


28 


196 


- 


16 


212 


Ncuse River, 


- 


10 


222 


Black River, 


. 


21 


2-13 


Cape Fear River, 


- 


18 


261 


rayetteville, 


•' 


2 


263 



No. 8. 
From Norfolk to Fayetteville, by Neivbern. 



Plymouth, as in last No. 


- 




113 


Hoof Inn, 




. 


- 


5 


118 


Jacksons Inn, 




- 


- 


11 


129 


Washington, 




- 


- 


19 


148 


Cross Pamlico 


River, 


. 


- 


1 


149 


Kings Inn, 




- 


-- 


14 


163 


Neuse River, 




- 


- 


10 


173 


Newbern^ [e] 




- 


- 


10 


183 


Trenton, 




- 


« 


20 


203 


Rhodes, 




- 


- 


11 


214 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (^C. 2dj 

[b\ Roanoke river, is formed by the union of the Staunton 
and the Dan, the former of which rises in Virginia, and the 
latter N. Carolina, and flows into the Albemarle Sound. Thfl 
river is navigable for vessels of considerable burden 30 or 40 
rniles, and for boats 70 miles to the Falls, and for those of only 
5 tons, 200 miles above the falls. The Roanoke flows through 
the richest and most fertile part of N. Carolina. 

[c\ Capital of Washington county, N. Carolina, near the 
mouth of Roanoke river ; the shipping belonging to this port 
amounis to about 1,500 tons. 

[d] Capital of Edgecombe county, IV. Carolina, on the river 
Tar, containing a bank, courthouse, and academy, and upwards 
of 6oO inhabitants. This town is a depot for large quantities 
of country produce, beef, corn, tobacco, Sec. which is brought 
here for exportation. 

[e] A flourishing town, and the capital of Craven county, 
N. Carolina, on VV. bank of the Neuse, containing a court- 
house, a jail, a theatre, a masonic hall, 2 banks, an academy, 
a public library, and 4 Ijouses of worship, and 6000 inhabitants. 
This town is the largest in N. Carolina, handsomely built, and 
considered a healtiiy situation. It is a place of considerable com- 
merce ; the shipping owned here amounts to upwards of 4000 tons. 
An excellent steamboat plies between Newbern and Elizabeth 
city, connected with the stages from Charleston, S. Carolina, 
and with the stages and steam boats to the northward. By this 
line the route from Norfolk to Charleston is performed in 7 days, 
fJistance 800 miles. 



'.TOO 


STATE ROADS. 






V iRGiNiA — Continued. 


TOWNS, &c. 


II 


V b. 

lis 



Cross N. E. Branch of Cape Feai 

River to Halls, 
Six Runs, 
Bi^ Coharry, 
South Fiiver, 
Cape Fear River, 
FaueUeville, [/] 



7 
22 
10 
J6 
13 

9 



221 

243 
253 
269 

282 
284 



No. 9. 

Froin Norfolk to Chariest on. South- Carolina, 

by the Coast, 



asnington, 



Rhodes, as in last No, - 

Cross N. E. Branch of Cape Fear 

River to S. W 
Re -cross N. E. Branch 
Hermitage, 
Wilmington, [«■] 
Cross N. E. Branch Cape Fear to 



24 

21 

3 

6 



214 

238 
259 
262 

268 



Main Branch Cape Fear 


River, 


3 


271 


Brunsvvick, 


- 


- 


15 


286 


Smilhvilie, 


- 


- 


12 


298 


Varennes, 


. 


- 


26 


324 


On the Sands, 


- 


^ 


13 


337 


Cross Great 


Pedee River, 


to 






Georgetown 


> 


- 


20 


337 


N. Branch, Santee River, 


- 


14 


371 


South Branch, 


do. - 


m 


2 


373 



DESCRIhTION OF TOW^^S, (^C. 301 

[f] Fayptteville, post-town and cap. Cuinber'and co. N.C., 
on W. side of the NVV. branch of Cape Fear river ; 60 S. Ral- 
eigh, 95 NW. \Vilmini>ion, 119 ESE. Salisbury, l58 NE Co- 
kjmbja, 196 N. by E. Charleston, VV. 348. Lon. 97. 6. W, 
Lat. 3t. 2. N Pop. in 1800, 1,656 ; in 1820, 3,532. It is the 
most commercial town in N. C, and has a pleasant and ad- 
vantageous situation, nearly a mile from Cape Fear river.-^ 
The Cape Fear Company have lately cleared the river of logs 
and sand shoals, in order to render it navigable for steam boats; 
iand have constructed a canal from the river through the town, 
so that boats may lie along by the side of the ware-houses. It 
contains a court house, a town house, an academy, a masonic 
hail, 3 banks, one of which is a branch of the U. S. bank, and 
3 houses of public worship. Several of the public buildings are 
large and elegant. The town is regularly laid out, and the 
principal streets are 100 feet wide. Two weekly newspapers 
are published here. Great quantities of produce, consis-ing 
of cotton, tobacco, flour, wheat, flaxseed, corn, hemp, naval 
stores, itc. are collected here, and conveyed in boats down the 
river to Wilmington. The situation of the town is healthful, 
and favourable for trade and manufactures. The land around 
is considerably elevated, and the soil dry and barren, except 
on the water courses, where it is rich. 

[g] Wilmington, capital of \ew-Hanover cc, N. C, is si- 
tuated on the E. side of Cape Fear river, just below the conflu- 
ence of the N. E, and N. W. branches, about 35 miles from 
the sea. It is favourably situated for trade, but is accounted 
unhealthy. The town contains the county buildings, an acad- 
emy, 2 banks, a printing office, and 3 places of worship. Po- 
pulation, about 2,000, 



26 



302 



STATE ROADS'. 



VIRGINIA — ContinuecL 



TOWNS, &:c. 



Tweeden Cottons, 

Wepetau Church, 

Greenwich, 

Cross Coo pers R.to Chaklkston 



10 
17 
15 

4 



'6QS 
400 
415 
419 



No. 10. 
From Bichiwyid to the Warm Springs^ and 
thence to the Falls of Kenhaivay River and 
Gallipofis, 0. A Stage Road to Staunton. 



Goochland Countj Lin€ 


> 


- 




20 


Fluvanna County Line, 




- 


ss 


53 


Gordonsville, 




- 


12 


Q^b 


Cross Rivanna River, to 


Milton, 


12 


77 


Monticello, [h' 




- 


3 


80 


Charlottesville, [i' 




- 


2 


82 


Staunton, 




- 


38 


120 


Cloverdale, 




- 


28 


148 


Green Vallev, 




- 


10 


158 


Warm Sprin^^s or Bath, 


r/1 


- 


13 


171 


Hot Sprino^s. [k] 




- 


5 


176 


Jacksoii^s River, 




- 


12 


188 


Bowers, 




- 


29 


217 


Green Briar River, 




- 


6 


223 


Lewisburg, 




- 


4 


227 


Gaiiley Mountain, 




- 


48 


275 


Great Falls of Kenhaway, [/] 


- 


5 


280 


Burning Spring, 




- 


16 


296 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 303 

-T , , - . . • :_ ■ ■ t — ■ ._. 

\h] Monticello, a conical hiJ), on which is the seat of the 
Hon. Thoiiras Jefferson, late i'resirlent of the U. S., in Albe- 
marle CO. Va. ; 2 SE. Charlottesville. Loti. 78. 48. W. Lat. 38i 
8. ]V. The summit on rv-hicl^ tlu; house stands, is 580 ieet above 
the Rivanna at its base, and affords an extensive and beautiful 
prospect. It has a rich red soil, under excellent cultivation. 

[?'] Charlottesville, post town, and caj). .Albemarle fo, Vn.; 
40 ESE. Staunton, SGVVX'r. Richmond, W. 134. Lon. 78. 
52, W. Lat. 38. 2. N. It is very pleasanilj' sitinited, and 
coiJt;iins an elegant roiirt house, a jail, and 100 to 15^ houses. 
It is 1 mile fnun the Rivanna, and is laid out in squares of 
three or four acres. The Universitj' of Virginia was established 
here by the Legislature in 1817. The buildings comprise 10 
pavilions for the accommodation of professors ; 109 dormitories, , 
and 6 hotels for the lodging and dieting of the students. The 
whole expense of the buildings is stated at jg 20-^710. The 
site is a little distance out of the village, and occupies 200 
acres. The institution is to receive annually from the Virginia* 
literary fund the sum of ^15,000. 

\ j ] Warm Spring Mountains, or Jackson's Mountains, ridge 
of the Alleghany mountains,, in Bath and Pendleton cos., Va. 
remarkable fur warm springs. Warm Spring, in B.ath co., is- 
sues in a very hold stieam, sufficient to work a grist mill, and 
to keep its bas-in, whicli is 30 feet in diameter, at tlie vital 
warmth, viz. 96 deg. of Fahrenheit. The waters afford the 
finest natural bath known in America, and are useful for the 
rheumatism, and some other complaints. It rains here 4 or 5 
days in a week. Here is a post office. 

[^J Hot Springs, in Bath co. Va. ; 7 &W. Warm Springs. 
The water at this spring has been so hot as to boil an egg. 
It raises the thermometer to 112 deg., and is useful in some 
complaints. Here is a post office ; W. 130, 

[/] Kenawha, or Kenhavva, r. Va., which has its sources in 
the western part of N. C, and flows through the western part 
of Vnginia, in a north westerly direction, and joins the Ohio 
at Mount Pleasant, 8? miles below Marietta, and 263 below 
Pittsburg. It receives Green Brier river in the western part of 
Monioe co., and about 40 m. below the jun(,tion, it has a re- 
markable cataract, falling perpendicularly 50 feet. There are 
salt works on the river, a little above the town of Charlestowo. 
The river is uavigable most of the year. 



t04 



STATE ROADS. 



V I R G I N I A — Continued. 



TO W.N S, &C, 



5^S 



Halt Works^ 

Charleston, 

Cross Elk River to Indian Mound, 

Buffalo, 

Point Pleasant, Mouth of Kenha- 

wa River, 
(iallipolis, [nij - -__ 



7 

3 

5 

18 

30 
4 



303 
306 
311 
329 

359 
363 



No. 11. 

From Richmond to Lexington, by the Mouth 
of Sandy River, on the Ohio, 



Salt Works on Kenaway River, as 

in last No. 
Cross Kenaway R. to Coal River, 
Cross Guiandot R. to Guiandot, 
Cross Sandy River, Kentucky 

State Line, to Cattlesburg, - 
Little Sandy River, 
Tygert's Creek, 
Licking River, 
Mount Sterling, 
Winchester, 
Springhill, 
Lexington, [n] 









303 


12 


313 


40 


355 


12 


367 


22 


389 


18 


407 


28 


435 


24 


459 


13 


472 


6 


478 


13 


491 



l>ESClxirTION OF TOWNS, Lc, 305 

[ml Gallipoius, Fost-towr., & capital Gallia county, Ohio. 
unNW. side of ilie Oliio, 3 miles below Jho Great Ktuhawa, 
:.l SE. Chillicotijc, i68 belo«- Pitti.bur,i;, VV. 339. Population, 
830. It is plcasciwtl}' situated on an elevaK;d bank ol the riv- 
er, and contjtius a court-house, u jail, amd an academy. 

[ii] Lexington, p(JSt-town, and cap. Rockbriiige co. V*a., en 
IS. branch of Jan^.es river; 35 SSVV. Slaunlon, 38 NiNVV. 
I.ynchburg, 150 W. llichniond, W. 2i!'J. It has a liandsonm 
town, finely i-ituated, and contains a court house, a jail, a fe- 
j,nale academy, a Presbyle.iian meeting house, a college, and 
upwards of lUO dwelling tiousss. Near the totX'n is an arsenal 
belonging to the stale of Virginia, containing 20,000 nuisktus 
for tlic use of the militia in the western pari of the state. Th« 
surroumiing country is fertile and well cultivated. 

Washingicni coileg";', atUhis place, was oiiginally incorporat- 
e-cl as an aca(.lemy, in 17;;,2, under th«j name of Liberty Hall 
Academy; and in 1813, it was erected into a collrge, called 
Washington collage, from Gen. Washington, who presented to 
the in.^titution 100 shares in the James river canal, amountinir, 
to J^ 20,000. This stock for a number of years was unproduc- 
tive, but since the late war, it has become very valuable, and 
by an arrangement with the legislature, in 1820, the stockiiol- 
ders are to receive 12 per cent, per annum. Thjre are 2 col- 
lege buildings of biick, 60 feet by 20, of 2 stories, a steward's 
iiouse, and a refectory. In addition to these buildings, ther 
Irustees contemplate erecting a large college ediiice, The col- 
lege has a philosophical apparatus, and a library of about 
2,000 volumes. The board of trustees consists of 20 members. 
The executive govirni\ient is entrusted to a president, who is 
also professor of belles letters and mathematics, a professor of 
natural philosophy and astronomy, a professor of languages, 
and (uie tutor. The number of students is usually fioni 40 to 
»>0. Tlieie is a granmiar school connected with the college. 



2C* 



306 



STATE ROADS, 



V 1 R G I N I A — LontinueiL 



No. 12. 

From Richmond to Lewishurg^ by Liberty 

and Ftncastle. 



TOWNS, &:c. 


si 

Is 


lit 


Manchester, [o] 




1 


Coal Mines, 


14 


15 


Scottsville, 


17 


32 


Cumberland C. H. - 


24 


66 


Majsville, ^ 


28 


84 


Duguidsville, - 


18 


102 


Lynchburg, 


19 


121 


New London, [p] - 


12 


133 


Liberty, 


25 


158 


Top of Blue Ridge, ~ 


12 


170 


Fiiicastle, 


18 


188 


Middle Mountain, 


22 


210 


Sweet Springs, [9' 


10 


220 


Union Town, Sulphur Springs, 


20 


240 


Lewisburgj 


16 


256 



No. 13. 

From Richmond to Knoxville, Tennessee, by 

Lynchburg and Salem, 



Lynchburg, as in last No. 




121 


Liberty, as in do. 


37 


158 


Top of Blue Ridge, - 


12 


170 


Salem, 


23 


193 


Knoxville, as in S. Western Route, 


266 


459 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &iC, 3 07 

[o] MaiK'hester, post-town, Chesterfield county, Virginia, on 
James River, opposite Ridimoiiri, with which it is connected 
b}' two bridges ; Washington, 1:25. It is pleasantly situated, 
and is a considerable town. 

[p] New-London, posi-town, Can)pbell county, Virginia ; 15 
S. W. Lynchburg, T^o WSVV. Richmond, Washington, 219. — 
It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and about 13D 
houses. 

1 9] Sweet Springs, 1)0st-vil1age, Munroe county, Virginia; 
28 SE. Lewisburg ; 42 SW. Warm Springs, Wasiiington, 272. 
This place is celebrated for its mineral waters, whicb-are niucii 
resorted to. 



.108 



STATE ROAD?. 



VIRGINIA- 



Contimied, 



No. 14 



From Richmond to Danville^ N.C, 




TOWNS, kc. 




s = 


1^1 






X '■£ 


2|6 


Mcinchestcr, 


^ 




1 


Hopkinsville, 


- 


19 


20 


Scottsviile, 


- 


\"1 


M 


Ballsville, 


- 


15 


47 


Felixville, 


- 


9 


66 


Farmville, 


- 


25 


81 


Charlotte, 


- 


27 


108 


Coles Ferry* 


- 


14 


122 


Cross Roanoke River to 


Pittsjlva- 






Ilia, [r\ 


- 


30 


152 


Cross Banister River, - 


- 






Cross Dan River, to Danville, [s] 


20 


172 



No. 15. 
From Richmo7id to Matthews Court-House, 



Cumberland, as in No. 2. 


- 




30 


Delaware C. H. 


- 


15 


45 


Gloucester C. H. 


- 


20 


Q5 


Maithews C. H. [/] - 


- 


12 


11 



No. IG. 

From Richmond to Wibamm. 



Paniunky Kive^r, 
King and Qucca C. IF 
Wibanna, 



19 
20 



2(i 
45 
^8 



BESCRIPTION OF TOW:^^S, kc» S0& 

[r] Pittsylvania, county, S. side of Virginia ; bounded N. 
by Bedford and Campbell countie?:, E. by HHlifax county, S. 
by North-Carolina, and W. by Henry and Franklin counties; 
Washington, 274. Population, in 1810, 17,172 ; slaves, 6,312. 
Populatirn, in 1820, 21,323. Chief town, Danville. 

i*j Post-town, Pittsylvania co. Va., on the river Dan, 130 
miles by water, and 116 by land above the great falls of the 
Roanoke, about 70 S. by W. Lynchburg, 150 SW. by W. Rich- 
mond, VV. 291. Lon. 19. 25. W. Lat. 36. 34. N. Pop. in 1818^ 
about 500. It contained, in l8l8, an academy, a printing office, 
3 warehouses for the inspection of tobacco, a flour inspection, 
3 saw mills, a manufacturing mill, and some others, most of 
them very recently erected. It is situated at the falls of the 
.Dun, on a wids and beautiful plain, rising gradually from the 
river to a high eminence, which commands an extensive and 
picturesque prospect, embracing a view of the falls, the gentle 
current of the river below, and the verdant hills and cultivated 
fields of the suriounding country. The improvements projected 
a few years since in the navigation of the Dan above this place, 
and at the falls of the Roanoke, opening a direct water com- 
munication with Korfolk, gave a sudden start to the prosperi- 
ty of Danville. The Roanoke Navigation Company have con- 
structed a canal which locks around the falls, with a basin 
formed in the centre of the town, safe and convenient for the 
batteaux navigation of the river. Danville is becoming the 
upland depot of an extensive commerce, embracing not only the 
adjacent fertile districts of Virginia and North Carolina, but 
also a great part of East Teniiessee. The articles of commerce 
consist of wheat, flour, tobacco, cotton, whiskey, brandy, In- 
dian corn, beef, pork, butter, poultry, lumber, and iron. Bat- 
teaux carrying froni 8 to 12 hogsheads of tobacco, and from 30 
to 40 barrels of flour, have a convenient navigation from this 
place to the falls of the Roanoke. 

[/] Matthews, county, Virginia, bounded N. by Plankatank 
river, wiiich separates it from Middlesex county, E. by the 
Chesapeake bay, S. by Mockjack bay, and SW. by Gloucester 
county. Population, in 1810, 4,227, slaves 2,068. Population 
in 1820, 6,920. 



3J0 



STATE RGABS. 



V I R G I N I A — Con tin ued. 






No. 17. 








From Richmond to KichM07ul Court-House, 


y TOWNS, he. 


li 




Hanover, [ii' 


^ 




24 


Dunkirk 


- 


16 


40 


Tappabannock, [v] 


— 


26 


68 


lliehrnond C. 11. 


- 


9 


75 


No. 18. 








From Richmond to King Geoi 


ge^s 


r^. IIousp. 


Chickahoiniiij River, [xv\ 


- 




10 


Hanover C. H. 


- 


10 


20 


Cross Pamunky River, to White 






Chimnies, 


- 


10 


30 


Cross Mattapony River, [.i] 


- 


8 


38 


Bowling Green, 


^ 


6 


44 


Port Royal, [y] 


- 


12 


66 


King George C. H. 


- 


7 


G3 


No. la 








From Petersburg to Lynchb 


urg. 




Mansfield, 


_ 




30 


Amelia C. II. [z] 


- 


9 


39 


Prides ville, 


^ 


3 


42 


Pancsville, 


- 


7 


49^ 


.Jamestown, 


- 


10 


69 


Faiajvillcj 


- 


10 


m 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 311 



[m] Hanover, co. Va., bounded NE. by Spnttsylvania, Car«- 
line, and King William cos., E. by New Kent co., S. by He»- 
rico, SW. by Goochland co., and W. by Louisa co. ; W. 103» 
Pop. in 1810, 15,0!32; slaves, b,454. Pop. in 1820, 15,267. 

[I'J Tapf)ahannock, port of entry and capital Essex county^ 
Virginia, on SW. bank of the Rappahannock; 55 ESE. Fre- 
dericksburg, 50 NE. Richmond, W. 117. Long. 76 57 W. Lat. 
38 2 N. Population about 600. Its situation is low and uii- 
healthy. It contains a court-house, « jail, and an Episcopal 
church. All the shipping belonging to the towns on the Rap- 
pahannock, is ente-red at the custom-house of this place. It 
amounted, in 1816, to 7,625 tons. Very little of it belonged to 
this town. 

[to] Chickahominy river, Virginia, which runs into the Jamee 
river, 6 NW. James-town. It is navigable for boats CO miles. 

\x] Mattapony river, Virginia, which rises in Spotsylvania 
county, rune SE. and unites with Pamunky river, below the 
town of Delaware, to form York river. It is navigable for 
boats 70 mile«. 

[p] Port Royal, post-town, Caroline county, ' Virginia, on 
the Rappahannock ; 20 SE. Fredericksburg, Washington 80. — 
It was once a place of considerable trade, but is now in a s^tate 
tif decay. It contains a brick church, and about 50 houses. — 
Kappahanjiock academy is situated about 3 m. W. of the town. 
It has some funds, a respectable library, and usually GO or 70 
students. 

[s] Amelia, co. Va. SW. Richmond ; bounded N. by the 
Appomatox, SE. by Dinwiddie co., S. by Nottoway co., and VV. 
by Prince Edward co. Pop. in 1810, 10,594; slaves, 7,186. 
W. 185. 



312 



STATE ROADS. 



VIRGINIA — Continued. 



TOWNS, &LC. 


0! £ 

II 


llr 


Leicester, 

Hermitage, 

Lynchburir, 


12 
3 

24 


81 

84 
108 



No. 20. 

From Petersburg to Halifax, 



Nottoway River, 
Hicksford, 
Halifax, [a] 



18 

24 



30 
48 

72 



No. 21. 

Fro??i Petersburg to Danville, by Milton. 



Morgaiiville, 




- 


_ 




40 


Nottavvay, 




- 


- 


9 


49 


Hungary Town, 




- 


- 


13 


62 


Pleasant Grove, 




- 


- 


7 


69 


Wyliesburg, 




- 


. 


30 


99 


Cross Roanoke R. 


r^i 


to 


Bannister 


12 


111 


Medleys, 




- 


- 


10 


121 


Cross Roanoke Ri 


ver, 


to 


Milton, 


17 


138 


Danville, 




- 


. 


21 


159 



No. 22. 
From Abingdo7i[c] to Cumberland Gap. 



Cross the Mountains and Holston 

River, to Estelsville, 
Clinch River, [d] 



20 



35 
55 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, ilC, S\3 

" ■'■ ■ L - S ■ ■ ■ — 

[a\ Halifax, co. S. side of Va., bounded N. by Campbell and 
Charlotte cos., E. by Mecklenburg co., S. by N. C, ajid W. 
bv Pittsylvania CO. Pop, in 1810, 22,133; slaves, 9,663. Pop. 
in 1820, 19,060. C. H. 262. Near the C. H. there is an aca- 
demy. 

[b] Roanoke, r. N. C. which is formed by the Union of the 
Staunton and the Dan, the former of which rises in Virginia, 
and the latter in N. C, and flows into Albemarle sound, Lon. 
76. 56. W. Lat. 35. 58. N. It is navigable for vessels of con- 
siderable burden 30 or 40 miles, and for boats of 30 or 40 tons 
10 the falls, 70 miles, and for boats of 5 tons for the distance of 
200 miles above the falls. 

The country watered by this river is extremely fertile. Below 
the falls towards the mouth, vast quantities of Indian corn are 
raised; and the planters are among the wealthiest in the state. 
Improvements have lately been made in the navigation of this 
river by constructing canals around the falls; opening a water 
communication between Norfolk, Va., and the interior of N.C., 
and the southern part of Virginia. 

[c] Abingdon, post-town, and cap. Washington co , Va. ; 
320 WSW. Richmond. W. 404. Lat. 36. 37. N. It has a 
court-house, market-house, Presbyterian church, and a jail. 
Here is a remarkable cave. 

[d] Clinch river, Tennessee, which rises in Va., and runs 
SW. into the Tennessee, at Kingston. It is 150 yards wide at 
its mouth, and navigable for boats 200 miles. 



ai4 



STATE ROADS, 



VIRGINIA — Continued. 



TOWNS, &C. 


1- / 

1 = 


IF 


Po\yel's River, 
Jonesville, 
Cumberland Gap, [e] - 


30 
5 

40 


83 

90 

130 



No. 23. 
Fro?w Fredericksburg to Winchester, 



Falmouth, 


- 


^ 




1 


Alcock, • 


- 


- 


10 


11 


Elkruu Church, 


- 


- 


10 


21 


Warrenton, [/] 


- 


- 


15 


36 


Ash, 


- 


- 


16 


52 


Mil wood. 


- 


- 


21 


IS 


Winchester, [if] 


- 


- 


11 


84 



No. 24. 
From Washington City to Wheelingj hi^ 



Morgantown, 



Fairf\ix, []{] 


^ 




14 


Aldie, 


- 


18 


32 


Middleburg, 


- 


y 


41 


Upperville, 


- 


8 


49 


Cross Blue Rid^e, [i] - 


- 






Cross Shenandoah River, 


- 




56 


W^inchester, 


- 


14 


70 


Top of N. Mountain, - 


- 


8 


78 


Top of Timber Ridge, 




13 


91 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 315 



[e] Cumberland Gap, pass, through the Cumberland moun- 
tains, in Claiborne co, Tennessee ; 130 S.Lexington, l8o Mur- 
freesborough, W. 527. Here is a post-office. 

[ / ] VVarrenton, post-town, and cap. Fauquier co. Va.; 40 
NNW. Fredericksburg, VV. 41. It is a pleasant and Iiandsome 
village, and contains a court-house, a jail, and 2 houses of 
public worship. 

[g] Winchester, post-town, borough and cap. Frederick co. 
Va., 30 SVV. Harper's Ferry, 70 WNW. Washington, 95 NE. 
«iauntOn, 168 NNW. Richmond. Lnn. 77. 28 W. Lat. 39. 9. 
3V. Pop. 2,870. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out in 
square?, is a handsome and flourishing town, and contains a 
courthouse, a jail, an alms house, a markethouse containing a 
^eemasons' hall, 2 banks, 2 academies, 1 for males, and 1 for 
females, 2 printing offices, from each of which is issued a 
weekly newspaper, 6 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyte- 
rians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for German Lutherans, 1 for Bap- 
tists, 1 for Mfthodists, and 1 for Roman Catliolics, npwardsof 
350 dwelling houses:, partly of brick and stone, and partly of 
■wood, and 50 buildings occupied as manufactories and work- 
shops. It has a variety of manufactures, and.carJ-ies on con- 
siderable trade. The principal street is well paved. The 
town is supplied with excellent water by an aqueduct. It is 
much resorted to in summer on account of its salubrity^ and 
-the numerous mineral springs in the vicinity, and in the adja- 
cent counties. 

[h] Fairfax, co. \. part of Va., bounded N and E. by the 
Potomac, S. by Prince William co., and W. by Loudoun co. ; 
Pop. in 1810, 13,111; slaves, 5,942. Pop. in 18-,'0, 11,404. 
Chief town, Centreville. 

[t] Blue Ridge, or South Mountains, the eastern range of 
the Alleghany mountains, branching oft' from the main range in 
Korth Carolina, crossing the state of Virginia, and extending 
lo the Highlands on tiie Hudson, J!»f, Y. Tiie »aost noted stJin- 
Mits^are tbc Peah of OUtr, 



316 



STATE ROADS 



VIRGINIA — Continued. 






TOWNS, &:c. 


H 

u a 


Ml 


Great Cacapon River to Romney, 


19 


no 


Cross S. Branch of the Potomac, 


39 


149 


Briery Mountain, 


20 


169 


Cross Cheat River, to Kingsioood, 


5 


174 


Morgan town, 


24 


198 


Pa. State Line, 


11 


209 


Newton, 


7 


216 


Cross S. Fork of Ten Mile Creek, 






to Wajnesburg, 


8 


224 


N. Fork of Wheeling Creek, - 


17 


241 


West Alexandria, 


10 


251 


Wheeling, [j] 


13 


264 


No. 25. 






From Washington City to Harper 


's Fe; 


rry. 


Prospect, [k\ 




14 


Leesburg, H\ 


24 


38 


Hillsborough, 


12 


50 


Harper\s Ferry, 


7 


57 



No. 26. 

From Washington City to Marietta, Ohio, by 

Winchester, [m] Virginia. 



Kingsiuooii, as in No 24, 




(174 


Cross E. Forkof Monongahela, [n] 






to Prunty Town, 


26 


200 


Clarksburg, [oj 


16 


216 



DESCRITTION OF TOWXS, (kc. SIT 

\ j] Wheelinsr, p-t, Oiiio co. Va. on the Ohio, at the mouth 
of the Wheeling ; 8 K. St. Clairsville, 2!'. W. by S. VVn&hiug- 
toii, Pa. 9.5 miles below Pittsbmg, 130 \VN\V. Cuniberlanri, 
370 NW. Richmond, W. 270. It is built on a iiigii bank, prin- 
cipall}' on one street, and contains a toini-house, a jail, a niai- 
ket-bouse, a bank, a church, about 200 houses, and lias some 
trade and manufactures. The Cumberland road, lately operi- 
ed, reaches the Ohio at this p'ace. 

[Ic] Prospect Hill, post-village, Fairfax county, V^iiginia ; 14 
W. VVat^hington. 

[I] Post-town, ond cap. Lotuioun co. Va., near Goose creek; 
3 miles from the Potomac, 33 IV W. Washington, Pop. JJOO 
or 1,000. It contains a court ho»..se, a jail, a market house, an 
academy, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians,' 
1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists. 

fm] Winchester, post-town, borough, and capital, Frederick 
<:ouuty, Virginia; 30 SW Harper's Ferry, 70 AVNVV. Wash' 
ington, 95 NE. Staunton, IGU J^J]N^V. Puchuroud. Long 77 
-28 W. Lat. 39 9 N. Population, 2,870. It is pleasantly si- 
tuated, regularly laid out in squares, is a handsome and flou- 
rishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, an alms-house, 
a market-house, containing a free-maso.us'>.all, 2 banks, 2 aca- 
demies, I for males, and 1 for females, 2 printing-offices, from 
coch of which is issued a weekly ijewRpaper, 6 houses of pub- 
lic worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Ger- 
man Lutherans 1 for BaptivSt?, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for 
Roman Catholics, upwards of 350 dwelling-houses, partly of 
brick and stone, and partly of wood, and 50 buildings occupied 
as manufactories 4ind woik-shops. It has a variety of manu- 
factures, and carries on considerable trade. Tlie principal 
street is well paved. The town is sujjplied with excellent wa- 
ter by an PAjaedu<;t. It is much resorted to in summer on ac- 
count of its salubrity, and the numerous mineral springs in the 
vicinity, and in the adjacent counties. 

[71] Monongahela river, which rises from the Laurel Moun- 
tains in Virginia, runs N. into Pennsylvania, and unites with 
the Alleghany at Pittsburg, to form the Ohio. It is navigable 
for batteaux and barges to Brownsville, and still farther for 
■lighter craft. Length, nearly 300 miles, 

[0] Clarksburg, post-town, and cap. Harrison co. Va., onE. 
?ide of the Monongahela, 40 miles above Morgantown ; 325 
A'W. Richmond. 



313 



STATE ROADS. 



V I R G I M A — Continued, 



TOWNS, he. 



Cross W. Branch, Mojiongahela 

River, 
Middleboun, 
Sistersville, 
Cross Ohio River, 
Newport, 
MarieUa,[ p] - - 



t is 


2 


32 


8 


1 


13 


15 



218 
250 

258 
259 
272 
287 



No. 27. 
From Fredcrickshug [q] to New-Market, in 
the Valley, and thence to Parkersburg, on 
the Ohio River, 



'Falmouth, 


. 


_ 




1 


Stephensburg, 


,- 


- 


30 


31 


Fairfax, 


- 


- 


6 


37 


Woodville, 


■- 


- 


J8 


55 


Mills, 


- 


- 


IG 


71 


Neiv Market, 


- 


- 


14 


85 


Franklin, 


• 


- 


45' 


130 


Beverly, 


- 


~ 


60 


190 


Buchannan, 


- 


m 


22 


212 


Brido;eport, 


- 


- 


13 


225 


Clarksburg, [r] 


- 


- 


9 


234 


Salem, 


- 


- 


12 


246 


Bulltown, 


- 


- 


7 


253 


Marsh ville, 


. 


- 


5 


258 


Parkcrsburg, 


- 


- 


42 


300 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, c\iC. 31*9 

[p] Marietta, post-town j-.nd capital, Wasliington co. Ohio, 
on ibe Ohio, 178 mile3 by water, below pjitsburg, 287 above 
Cincinnati, 93 E, by N. Chillicotbe, 109 SE. Columbus, W. 307. 
Long. 81 19 VV. Lat. 39 25 N. It is pleasantly situated, im- 
mediately above the mouth of the IVIuskiogum, and contains a 
ourt house, a jail, a market house, a bank, an academy, a 
land office, a printing oflEice, 2 houses of public worship, about 
20 stores, and 90 dwelling houses. A considerable jj^rt of 
this town experiences the inconvenience of being almost annual- 
1}' overflowed by water. — Pop. of the township 2,136. — About 
l-2m. from the junction of the Muskingum with the Ohio, are 
Tcmains of extensive ancient works, consisting of walls and 
mounds of earth, in direct lines, and also in square and circu- 
lar forms. The largest square fort contains 40 acres, and is 
inclosed by a wall of earth, from 6 to 8 feet high, and from 25 
to 36 wide, at the base. One of the mounds in the form of a 
sugar loaf, has a regular base, 115 feet in diameter, and is 30 
feet in perpendicular height. 

[g] Fredericksburg, post-town, Spotsylvania co. Va., on 
SW. side of the Rappahannock; 70 miles above Tappahannoc, 
68 N, Richmond, W. 58. Lon. 77. 38. W. Lat. 38. 34. N. 
Pop. in 1812, 2,550, and in 1817, 3,255. It is pleasantly situ- 
ated, regulavly laid out, and is one of the most healthy, flour- 
ishing, and commercial towns in the state. It contains a court- 
house, a jail, a spacious town house, a market house, a ma- 
sonic hall, a Lancasterian school, a tobacco warehouse, two 
banks, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 
•f jr Presbyterians, one for Baptists, and one for Methodists, 
Nearly one hundred of the houses are of brick. It is the 
geat of the superior court of law and of chancery for the 
district. This towr -exports large quantities of corn and 
flour, and considerable quantities of tobacco, flaxspod, pease, 
and beans. The annual amount of exports is about ^4,000,000. 
On the waters of the Rappahaunoc within two miles of the 
town,, there are 8 flour mills. The river is navigable as far 
as this place for vessels of 130 or l40 tons, having 9^ feet of 
water. The shipping of this town is entered at the port of 
Tappahannoc. Much of the surrounding country is fertile, 
well cultivated, and cofitains many fine plantations. 

[r] Clarksburg, post-town, and cap. Harrison co. Va., on E. 
5ide of the Monongaiiela, 40 miies above Morgaulown ; o25 
NW. Richmond. W. 227. 



320 



STATE ROADS. 



VI R G I MA — Continued, 



No. 28. 

From Fredericksburg to Richmond, by Wood- 
ville. 



TOWNS, &C. 


i°5 




North Anna River, 
Mills, 
Woodville, 
Richmond, 


13 
5 

24 


27 
40 
43 
69 



No. 29. 

From Fredericksburg to King William Conn 
House, 



Vileboro' 

Bowling Green, [s] 
Dunkirk, [t\ 
Walkertown, [«] 
King William C.H. [i^ 


- 


8 
18 

7 
5 


14 

22 
40 
47 
52 


No. 30. 
From Fredericksburg 


to Urbanna, 




Newport, 
Port Royal, 
Tappahannoc, 
Urbmina, [u"] 


- 


20 
24 

27 


4 
24 
48 
75 



DESCRIPTION Oy TOWNS, &C. 321 

[s] Bowling Green, post-town, Caroline co. Va. ; 46 NE. 
Richmond, W. 80. Lon. 17. 24. W. Lat. 38. l.N. It is the seat 
of justice for the county, and contains a bank. 

[t] Dunkirk, post-town, King and Queen ca. Va., on the 
Mattapoiiy, 25 S. Port Royal, W. 118. 

[u\ Walkertown, post-town, King and Queen county, Va. 
on the Mattapony ; 45 NE. Richmond, W. 128. 

\v] King William, co. Va. ; bounded NNE. by King and 
Queen ro., SSW. by York river, and W. by Caroline co. 
Pop. in 1810, 9,285 ; slaves 5,785. Pop. in 1820, 9,697. 

[w] Urbanna, post-town, Middlesex coiuity, Virginia, on 
SW. side of the Rappahannock ; 60 ENE. Richmond^ Wash- 
ington, ^149. 



^22 



S^ATE ROADS, 



VIRGINIA — Continued. 



No. 31. 

From Frechrickshurg to Lancaster C. House. 



J ^ 

TOWNS, &;c. 


Mi 


m 


Falmouth, 

Kino^ Georges C. H. - 

Leeds, 

Richmond C. H. 

Lancaster C. H. [x] - 


- 


2J 
14 

20 
23 


1 

22 
36 
66 
79 


No. 32. 
From Wellsbiirg to Sandij Riva', 
East Bank of the Ohio. 


aIo7ig the 



Wheeling, 

Elizabethtown, 

Fishing Creek, 

Middle Island Creek, - 

Opposite Marietta, 

Parkersburg, [i/] 

Cross Little Kanhawa River to 

Belleville, [r] 
Letart's Falls, 
Point Pleasant, [a] 
Cross Great Kanhawaj River, to 

L. Guiandot River, [b] 
Guiandotj 
Sitndy River, [c] 





13 


9 


22 


25 


47 


26 


73 


17 


90 


11 


101 


16 


117 


30 


147 


24 


171 


21 


192 


16 


20f{ 


10 


218 



rjESCRiPTiftN OF TOWNS, «Scc. 393 

«■■ I ■ ■ ■ ... ■ 

[x] Lancaster, co. E. part of Va., bounded NE. by North- 
tiiuberland co., E. by Chesapeake bay, S. & SW. by the Rap- 
paliannock, and VV. by Richmond co. ; W. I(i8. Pop. in 1810, 
6,592; slaves, 3,112. Pop. in 1820, 5,517. Chief town, Kil- 
marnock. 

[y] Parkersburg, post-town, Wood county, Virginia; Wash' 
ifigton, 320. 

[2] Belleville, post-town, Wood co. Va. ; on E. bank of the 
Ohio, 5 miles below the mouth of tlie Hockhocking-, W. 336. 

[a] Point Pleasant, post-to\yiiy.'>lason county, Virginia, just 
above the confluence of Kenhawa with the Ohio ; 5 NEv 
Gallipolis, Washington, 352. Ne<i,r this village was fought a 
memorable battle, between a detachment of Virginia militia, 
•:nHcr Col. Lewis, and the Shawanee and Delaware Indians. 

[b] Guyandot, Little, r. Va., which runs into the Oiiio, Lon. 
Si. 12. W, Lat. 3S. 14. N. 

- [c] Sandy River, (Big,) which rises in the Laurel Moun- 
tains, and forms a part of the boundary between Virginia and 
Kentucky, for nearly 200 miles, and runs NNVV. into the Ohio, 
40 miles above the Scioto. It is navigable for batteaux '.0 tl!^ 
Wafcioto Mountains, about 50 inil«s. 



324 



State rqads, 



V I R G I N I A — Con clu (Jed. 

No. 33. 
From Petersburg td Halifax, N, Carolina, 



TOWNS, &C. 


5 J 




Nottaway River, 
Hicksford, 
Halifax, [dl 


18 
24 


30 
48 

72 



NORTH-CAROLIiNA. 



No. 1. 
Prom Wilmington, N,C, [e] to Knoxville, T, 



Cross Pedee River, both Branches, 

Sprinjo^field, 

Belfont, 

Elizabeth Town, 

Rockfish Creek, 

Fayetteville, 

Little River, 

Hendersonville, - - 

Cross Yadkin R. to Tindalsville, 

Salisbury,[/J 

Statesville, 

Islandford, Great Catawba River, 

Morgantown, 

Mackeysvxlle^ 

Ashville, 



34 

12 

9 

31 

6 
65 
13 

1 
46 
20 
28 
28 
30 
30 



3 

37 
49 
58 
89 
95 
160 
173 
174 
220 
240 
268 
296 
326 
356 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, c^C. 325 

■-- f-J. ?' - ' - ., , . „ — ;. 

[rf] Halifax, post-town, and cap. Halifax co. N, C.. on the 
Roanoke; 8 miles below the falls, 75 WNW. Edenton, 73 S. 
Petersburg, 80 NE. Raleigh, W. 220. It contains a court 
house, a jail, a bank, and a meeting house. It is situated in a 
very fertile country, and is a place of some trade. In the 
county of Halifax, 18 SW. of this town, there is an academy. 

[e] Wilmington, post-town, port of entry, and cap. IVew 
Hanover CO. N. C, on the E. side of Cape Fear river, just be- 
low the confluence of the NE. and NW. branches, about 35 m. 
from the sea; 90 SE. Fayetteville, 93 SSW. Newbern, W. 4-33. 
Lon. 78. lo. W. Lat. 34. 1 1. N. Pop. 2,633; blacks, 1,535. 
It contains a court house, a jail, an academy, 2 banks, a print- 
ing office, an Episcopal, and a Presbyterian church. — The 
exports from this town, in l8l6, amounted to <j^l,061,112. 
The exports of the whole state amounted only to ^ 1,328,771. 
The shipping owned here, in 1816, amounted to 8,952 tons. 
It is well situated for trade, but is accounted unhealthy. The 
harbour admits vessels of 300 tons, but the entrance is render- 
ed dangerous and difficult by a large shoal. Opposite to the 
town are 2 islands which extend with the course of the river, 
dividing it into 3 channels. They afford the finest rice fields in 
the state. On the 4th November, 1319, about 200 buildings 
were consumed here by fire, tlie damage was estimated at about 
$1,000,000. 

[/] Salisbury, post-town and cap. Rowan co., N. C. ; 5 SW. 
of the Yadkin, 34 SW. Salem, 119 WNW. Fayetteville, W.375. 
Pop. about 600. It contains a court house, a jail, a bank, an 
academy, and a church. It is a flour'shing town, and is situ- 
ated in a very fertile country. Near this town there is a re- 
markable wall of stone, laid in cement, plastered on both 
sides, from 12 to 14 feet in height, and 22 inches thick. Tlte 
length of what has been discovered is about 300 feet. The top 
of the wall approaches within ona foot of the surface of the 
ground. When built, by whom, and for what purpose, is un- 
known. A similar wall has, within a few years, been cisco- 
vered, about 6 miles from the first, from 4 to 5 feet high, and 
7 inches thick. 



m 



326 



STATIi ROADS. 



NORTH-CAROLINA — Contbiued. 


TOWNS, &C. 


11 


PI 

qJs 


Cross French Broad River, [g] to 

Warm Springs, 
Painted Rock, and Tennessee State 

Line, on Bald-iron Mountain, 
Newport, [ft] 
Sevierville, 
Cross Holstein River, to Knoxville, 


30 

5 

25 
26 
25 


386 

391 
416 

442 
467 



No. 2. 
prom Wilminorton to Fayetteville ; by Steam- 





boat. 








Great Pedee River 


.m 


- 




a 


South River, 




- 


6 


11 


Indian Wells, 


- 


- 


20 


31 


Elizabeth C. H. 


- 


- 


26 


57 


Falls, 


- 


- 


18 


75 


Rockfish Creek, 


» 


- 


16 


91 


Mouth of Cross Creek, 


- 


6 


97 


Fayettevi/le,[j ] 


- 


- 


2 


99 



No. 3. 

From Fayetteville to Knoxville, Tennessee, by 

Charlotte, 



Drownino; Creek, 


- 




40 


Rockingham, 


- 


23 


68 


Yadkin River, [A;] 


- 


9 


72 


Wadesboro' '- 


u 


12 


84 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 327 

[g] French Broad r., which rises in N. C, and joins the 
Holston in Tennessee, 4 miles above Kncxvillo. It is navigable 
for boats oi 15 tons to Daiidridge. 

[hj Newpoit, post-town, and rap. Cocke co. Ten. on French 
Broad river ; 5o E, Knoxville, 50 W. Jonesboroiigh, W. 5ol. 
It contains an academy and a niethodist meetinohoiisr. A n.ile 
from the town is a reniaikable cave of nearly 30U yards in ex- 
tent, having various windings and rooms, and abounding in 
petrifaction?. At the distance of 4 miles is a valuable cha- 
lybeate spring. 

[i] Pedee, (Great) r. S. C, which rises in N. C, where if is 
called Yadkin, and runs SSE. into Winyaw Day near Ucorge- 
town, and communicates with the Atlantic, J2 miles below 
Georgetown. It is navigable for boats of (50 or 70 tons, about 
200 miles. 

[ j] Fayetteville, post-town and cap. Cumberland co. IS.C, 
on W. side of the NW. branch of Cape Fear river ; GO S. Hal- 
Pigh, 95 NW. Wilininstou, 119 ESE. Salisbury, 1.5o iS'E Co- 
lumbia, 190 N. by E. Charleston, VV. 348. Lon. 97. 6. W-. 
Lat. 3i. 2. N. Pop. in 1800, 1,656 ; in 1820, 3,532. It is the 
uiosi commercial town in N. C, and has a pleasant and ad- 
vantageous situation, nearly a mile from Cape Fear river. — 
The Cape Feat Company have lately cleared the river of logs 
and sand shoals, in order to render it navigable for stcnm boats; 
and have constructed a canal from the river through the towu, 
so that boats may lie along by the side of the ware-Iiouses. It 
contains a court house, a town house, an academy, a masonic 
hall, 3 banks, one of which is a branch of the U. S. bank, and 
3 liouses of pubMc v;ors!iip. Several of the public buildings are 
large and elegant. Tlie town is regularly laid out, and the 
principal sheets are 100 feet wide. Two weekly newspapers 
«ie published here. Great quantities of produce, consisting 
of cotton, tobacco, flour, wheat, flaxseed, corn, hemp, naval 
stores, Sec. are collected here, and conveyed in boats down the 
Tivcr to Wilmington. Tiie situation of the town is healthful, 
at.d favourable for trade and manufactures. The land around 
is considerably elevated, and the soil dry and barren, except 
on the water courses, where it is rich. 

[k] Yadkin; r. N. C, which rises between the Alleghany and 
l^rusiiy mountains, passes through the counties of Wilkes, Sur- 
ry, Rcvvan, JNIofitgomery, arui Anson, and flows into S. C, wiib 
the name of the Great Pe'iee. In Montgomery co. it passes 
over narrows occasioiicd by mountains on each side, which 
^:ontraci it from 200 yards wide to about 30. A few miles be- 

ow the narrows it receives Rocky river, and. then takes the 
name of Great Podee. The whole descent of the river from 
Abbott's creek to Mountain cretk, just below the Narrows, p. 
distance of 24 miles, is 321 feet. This river was surveyed in 



V28 



STATE ROADS. 



NORTH-CAROLINA — Coutinued. 



TOWNS, Sec. 


I' -A 

X u 

43 


m 
-1' 


Charlolte, 


^ 


132 


Catawba River, [/] 


- 


12 


144 


Lincoln Town, 


- 


22 


166 


Cross L. Catawba River, to 


Ru- 






therfordton, 


- 


49 


215 


Willis' Gap, in Blue Mountain, 


23 


240 


Ashville, 


- 


24 


264 


Knoxville, as in No. 1, [m] 


m 


111 


$75 



No. 4. 
From Fayetteville to Danbxiry, 



Campbell's, 
M'Neille, 
Deep River, 
Marti nville, [ii] 
JJanbury, 



24 
15 

24 



No. 5. 
From Fayetteville to Hillsborough. 



Campbell's, 




10 


Deep River, 


35 


45 


Pittsborough, [o] 


12 


57 


Cape Fear River, [p] - 


9 


6G 


Hillsborough. 


21 


87 



DESCRIFTIOJ^ OP TOWNS, <ScC. 329 

1818, with a view to ascertain the best mode of opening a wa- 
ter communication from the western part of the state, and it 
was determined that it could be effected only by clearing the 
river of rocks, and CEualling along the narrows and great falls. 
The navigation must always be bad. Above Abbott's creek the 
n vigation is said to be tolerably good. 

[/] Catawba r. which rises in iVVV. part of N. C. and passes 
into S. C, where it takes the name of Wateree. It unites with 
the Congaree, about 30 SE. Columbia, to form the Santee. 

[m] Knoxville, post-town and cap. Knox co. Ten., on the 
Holston, 4 miles below the mouth of French Broad river, and 
22 above the junction of the Holston w ith Tennessee river ; 134 
WSW. Abingdon, 190 E. Nashville, 190 S. Lexington, 455 
WSW. Richmond, W. 538. Lon. 83. 44. W. Lat. 35. 45. N. 
Population in 1818, about 1,400, It is pleasantly situated, reg- 
ularly laid out, and contains a court-hou-.e, a jail, a state bank, 
an academy, barracks sufficient to accommodate 700 men two 
printing offices, from each of which is issued a weekly newspa- 
per, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for 
Baptists, and i for Methodists. It is the largest town in East 
Tennessee, and was formerly the seat of the state government. 
Hampden Sydney Academy, in this town, is a respectable sem- 
inary. A college, styled Blount, or East Tennessee College, 
was established in this town several years since, and a presi- 
dent first elected in 1820. 

[n] Martinsville, post-town and capital Guildford county, 
North Carolina, on Buffalo Creek; 33 NE. Salisbury, 40 E. 
Salem, W. 352. Population, 300. 

[o] Pittsborough, post-town and capital Chatham county, 
North-Carolina, 30 SVV. Ralejgh, 54 NNVV. Fayetteville, VV. 
323. It is situated on an eminence, in a very fertile and well 
cultivated country, and contains a court-house, a jail, an aca- 
demy, and 40 or 50 houses. 

[p] Cape Fear, or Clarendon, r. N. C, the la.'-gest in the 
state. It is formed by the confluence of the NE. and NW. 
branches, which unite above Wilmiogton, 35 miles from the 
ocean. The NW. branch rises m N. part of the state, and is 
navigable for large boats to Fayetteville. The ^S E. brancW 
Tises in Sampson co., and is navig>\ble for boats 70 miles. 



58* 



330 



STATE ROAD^-, 



NORTH-CAROLINA — Continued. 



No. 6. 
From FayeiteviUe to Salem, 



TOWNS, 


&c. 




11 


4> X 


Morrison's, 


_ 


_ 




23 


JMunrow's, 


- 


- 


16 


39 


Hall, 


- 


- 


24 


63 


Randolph C. H. 


- 


- 


20 


73 


Salem, [q\ 


- 


- 


45 


128 



No. 7. 

From Raleigh to Knoxville, Tennessee, hy 

Hillsborough and Germantoivn, 



Cross Eno River, [rj to Hillsboro', 




S^ 


Allemance, or Haw River, 


14 


52 


Martinville, 


22 


74 


Head of Cape Fear River, 


18 


92 


Germantown, [6*] 


16 


108 


Cross Virginia State Line, 


26 


134 


Flower Gap, 


13 


147 


Grayson, [/] - " - 


14 


161 


Austinsville, [u] 


20 


181 


Eversham, 


15 


196 


Staljstown, 


10 


206 


Abingdon, [v] 


44 


250 


Blountsville, Tennessee, \xd] - 


23 


273 


Rogersville, [:^"| 


43 


316 


Knoxvillc, 


67 


363 



DESCTHPtlON OF TOWNS, <SzC. $31 

[9] Salem, post-town, Stokes count)', N. C. watered by a 
small branch of the Yadkin; 34 NE. Salisbury, 100 W. Ra- 
}eigh, W. 331. It is a hanclsonie Moravian town, built of 
brick, and chiefly on one street, about a mile and a half long, 
paved, and planted with rows of trees on each side. It con- 
tains a church, and has manufactures of potters' ware, sadle^ 
ry, gloves, hosiery, &c. Here is an excellent Moravian aca- 
demy for females, under the direction of a preceptor, and 12 
matrons. There are belonging to the institution, 4 brick build- 
ings, 4 stories high, situated on a square in the centre of th© 
town, planted with trees and inteisected with fine gravel walks.- 
Young ladiss, from various parts of the Southern States, are 
sent to this academy. The price of board and tuition is mode- 
rate, and great attention is paid to the morals of the jjupils. ^ 
Cape Fear Bank, at Wilmington, has an agency here. 

frj Eno r. N. C, the principal head brancli of the Neuse. 
It passes by Hillsborough, and joins Liltle and Flat rivers, to 
form the Neuse. 

\s] Germantown, post-town and cap. Stokes co, N. C, ort- 
the Town Fork of Dan river, lO ]\E. Bethania, W. 347. It 
contains a court house, a jail, and 40 or 50 houses. 

[/] Grayson, co. SW. part of Va. ; bounded NNW. by 
"Washington and Wythe co., NE. by Montgomery co., SE. by 
Patrick CO., and S. by N. C, W. 382. Pop. in 1810, 4,94-1 ; 
slaves, 270. Pop. in lS.20, 5,598. 

[w] Austinsville, post-town, Wythe co. Va. on the Kenhawa,- 
16 N. Greenville, W. 360. 

[v] Abingdon, post-town and cap. Washington co. Va. • 320 
WSW. Richmond. W. 404. Lat. 36. 37. JV. It has a court- 
Louse, market-house, presbyterian church, and a jail. Here 
is a remarkable cave. 

[ji'J Elountsville, post-town and cap. Sullivan co. Ten. ; 130 
ENE.Knoxville, W. 428. 

lx[ Rogersville, post-town and capital FJawkins county, Ten- 
r;essee, on the HoUton ; 65 ENE. Knoxville, W. 472. It is 
pleasantly situated in Carter's Valley, and contains a court- 
house, a bank, an academy, and a printing-office : 9 m. SW, 
oi the town, there are exieusive salt-works. 



332 



STATE ROADS. 



NORTH-CAROLINA ConthlUech 



No. 8. 
From Raleigh to Knoxville^ by Ashe county. 



TOWNS, &C. 


1 s 


.i s s 

2 S*"" 


Martinville, as in last No. 


« 


74 


New Garden, [y] 




10 


84 


Salem, 


" 


26 


110 


Bethania, [z] 




9 


119 


Rockford, [a] 


- 


26 


145 


MitchePs River, 


- 


10 


155 


Yadkin River, 


- 


4 


159 


Recross Yadkin River, 


- 


26 


185 


Cross Iron Mountain, and Tennes- 






see State Line, 


- 


46 


231 


Jonesboro', [6] 


- 


16 


246 


Greenville, \c] 


- 


26 


272 


Warrensburg, [d] 


. 


10 


282 


Dandridge, 


- 


13 


295 


Holston River, [e] 


• 


39 


334 


Kiioxville, 


- 


2 


'6^Q 



No. 9. 

From Raleigh to Halifax, 



Tar River, \f] 
Arrington Inn, 
Fishing Creek, 
Beaver Dam, 
Halifax, 


- 


. - 


21 

7 

12 

11 


3S 
54 
61 
73 

84 



DESCFvirXlON OF TOWNS, i^LC. 33'3 

lp\ New Garden, post village, Robeson co. North-Carolina^ 
w: 368. 

[z\ Rrithania, or Bethany, post town, Stokes co. N C, ; 4 
NW. Belhabara, 9 NW. Saleni, 10 SW. Geitnanlown, W. 368. 
It is a Moravian town, containing about 2^0 iniiabitants. 

[tzj Rockford, post-village, Suiry co. North-Carolina, W. 
402. 

[b] Jonesborough, post-town, Washington co. Tennessee, 
on the Holston ; l6 S. Blountsville, lOO ENE. Knoxvllle, W. 
449. Pop. in I8I8, about 600. It contains a bank, a printing 
office, a court house, a jail, and a Presbyterian church. 

[c] Greenville, post-town and cap Green co. Ten:, on NE. 
branch of Notahucky river 25 SW Jonesborough, 75 E. Knox- 
ville, W, 47b Pop. 360. H. 50 It is pleasantly situated, 
chiefly on a rising ground, and contains a court house and a 
jail. It is a place of considerable resort on account of its vi« 
cinily to the college, and also to the Warm Springs on French 
Broad river, 20 uiiles distant. 

Greenville College, pleasantly situated 3 S. by W. Greenville, 
was incorporated in 1794. The college hall is a neat building, 
about 60 feet long, and 25 wide, of 2 stories. The college has 
a library of about 2,000 volumes, a small philosophical appa- 
ratus, and funded property to the amount of about ^ 6,000. 
The officers consist of a President, a tutor, and a preceptor of 
the preparatory school. The number of students has of late 
exceeded 50. Commencement is held on the 3d Wednesday of 
Sept. There are 2 vacations ; one of 5 weeks from commence- 
ment, and one of 3 weeks from the 1st Wednesday of April. 

\d] Fost-town, Gieene couoty, Tennessee, W. 6S0. 

[e| Holston, r. Tennessee, which rises in Virginia, runs SW., 
and joins the Tennessee, 22 miles below Knoxville. It is 200 
miles long, and navigable for boats of 25 tons 1*^0 miles. 

[/] '^''5 °^ Pamlico river, N. C. which rises in Caswell co. 
flows through Granville, Franklin, Nash, and Elgpcomb 
counties, and passing by Tarborough, Greenville, and Wash- 
ington, runs SE. into Pamlico sound, Lat. 35 22 N. It is na- 
vigable for vessels drawing 9 feet water, to Washington, 40 
miles, and for boats carrying 30 or 40 hogsheads of tobacco> 
to Tarborough, 90 miles. 



334 



STAtE ROADS. 



iNORTH-cAROLiNA — Coutiniied. 



No. 10. 
From Raleigh to Lexington and Salisbury. 



TOW^'S, &LC. 


11 


Hi 


Brad fords, 

Berges, -> 

Pittborough, 

M'Carro], 

Deep River, 

Park's, 

Lexington, - * - 

Salisbury, 


8 

18 
14 
26 
15 
18 
18 


9 
17 

35 
49 
75 
90 
108 
126 



No. 11. 
Froin Raleigh to Rockins^ham. 



f Cape Fear River, [g] - 
M'Neiile, 
Miinrow's 
Cole's Bridge, 
RockingJia7n, 



17 

9 

21 



No. 12. 
From Rakish to Neivherv, 



Smithfield, [h] 


- 


- 




30 


WainsboroLigh, 


- 


- 


24 


54 


Kingston, 


- 


- 


27 


81 


JS'ewbern, [i] 


- 


- 


3d 


120 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &0. S35 

ISi Cape Fear, or Clarendon, r. N. C. the largest in the 
state. It is formed by the confluence of the NE. ami NW. 
branches, which unite above Wilmington, 35 miles fiom the 
ocean. The NVV. branch vises in N. part of the state, and iS 
navigable for large boats to Fayetieville. The NE. branch 
rises in Sampson co., and is navigable for boats 70 uiiles. 

[h] Sinithfield, p-t. and cap. Johnson co. N.C. on the Neuea; 
27 SE. Raleigh, about 110 KW. Newbern, W. 315. It is si- 
tuated on a handsome plain, and contains a court-house, and 
"iail, and has some trade. Near the centie of the town is an 
indian burying place, of a conical form, formerly IG feet 
high. The Neuse is navigable to this place. 

[i] Newbern, p-t. port of entry, and capital Craven co. N. 
C. on SVV. bank of the Neuse, at the junction of the Trent ; 81 
S. by W. Edenton, 100 NE. by N. Wilmington, 119 SE. Ra- 
leigh, W. 351. Long. 77 5 W. Lat. 35 20 N. Population, in 
1800, 2,467 ; in 1820, 3,663. It contains a court-house, a jail, 
p theatre, a masonic hall, 2 banks, an academy, a public li- 
brary, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, I 
for Baptifts, and 1 for iMethodisfs. It is very pleasantly situ- 
ated, handsomely built, mostly of brick, and is the largest and 
most improved town in N. C. and accounted more healthy than 
any other near the sea- board. It is a flourishing town, and has 
considerable commerce; the exports consist chiefly of grain, 
pork, lumber, and naval stores. The shipping owned here in 
1316, amounted to 4,973 tons. An elegant steam-boat, con- 
nected with the stages from Charleston, S. C. and with the sta- 
ges and steam-boats, to the northward, plies between Newbern 
and Elizabeth City. By this line, the route from Norfolk to 
Charleston, (800 iiiiles,) is performed in 7 days* 



336 



STATE RGADS. 



SOUTH-CAROLINA. 



No. 1 



From niarleston to Society 


Hill and Cheraw. 


TOWNS, 


&c. 






jji 


Greenwich, 
Georgetown^ [j] 
L;ynch's Creek, 
Jeffries Creek, 
Black Creek, 
Society Hill, 
Cher aw, [k] 


« 


- 


43 
37 
18 
10 
20 
16 


19 
62 
99 
117 
127 
147 
163 



No. 2. 

From Charleston to Morgantown, N, Car. 

by Camden and Charlotte* 



Elms, 




14 


Monks Corner, 


20 


34 


Nelsons Ferry, across Santee River, 


19 


53 


Jamesville, 


15 


68 


Chapelle, 


8 


76 


Statesburg, 


20 


96 


Camden, [/] 


25 


121 


Hano;ing Rock Creek, 


20 


141 


Lancaster, [m~\ 


22 


163 


Cross N. C. State Line, 


31 


194 


Charlotte, 


14 


208 


Cross Catawba River, - 


15 


223 


Lin coin ton, [n] 


26 


249 


Morganiown, 


45 1 


294 



DESCRIPTION OF TdWNS, &LC, 337 

- - ■' ' * - ■■ r ■ : 

[j] Georgetown, post-town, poit of entry, and cap. George- 
town, district, S. C. on W. side of Winyaw bay, at the en- 
trance of Sampit river, 12 miles from the sea ; 60 NN£. Char- 
leston, 134 S. Fayetteville, W. 482. Lon. 79. 29. W. Lat. 
32. 22. N. Pop. about 2,000. It contains a court-house, a 
jail, a bank, an academy, and 4 houses of public worship, t 
for Episcopalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for 
Methodists. The Pedee, Waccamaw, and Black river flow into 
Wanyaw bay, and connect Georgetown with tlie back country. 
At the mouth of the bay there is a bar which prevents the en- 
trance of vessels drawing more than 11 feet of water. The 
shipping owned here in 1816, amounted to 773 tons. 

[k] Cheraw, post- village, Darlington district, S. C, ; lOl 
Columbia, W. 436. 

\l] Camden, post-town and cap. Kershaw district, S. C, on 
the E. side of the Wateree; 35NE. Columbia, 109 NE. Augus- 
ta, 130 NNW. Charleston, W. 471. Lon. 80. 33 W. Lat. 34. 
17. N. Pop. about 1,000. It is a pleasant town, regularly 
laid out, and contains a courthouse, a jail, an academy, and 
4 places of public worship; 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episco- 
palians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists, and has consi- 
derable trade. The surrounding country is fertile and plea- 
sant. The Wateree is navigable to this place for boats of 70 
tons. Two battles were fought here during the revolutionary- 
war ; one on the i6th August, 1780, between Gen. Gates and 
Lord Cornwallis, in which the Americans were defeated : the 
other on the 25th of April, 1781, between Gen. Greene, and 
Lord Rawdon. The Americans had 126 killed and 100 taken 
prisoners. The British had about 100 killed. 

[m] Lancaster, district, in N. part of S. C. Pop. in 1810, 
6,318; slaves, 1,646. Pop. in 1820, 8,7l6. The court house 
and post-vil/age are on the Wateree ; 75 JVNE. Columbia- 
W. 476. 

[n] Lincolnton, post-town, Lincoln co. K, C. ; 45 SW Sal- 
isbury, 180 WSW. Raleigh, W. 425. 



^9 



3l3 



STATE ROADS. 



SOUTH-CAROLINA — Contiiiued. 

No. 3. 
From Charleston to Morgantoioiiy N. Car,, 
by Cohimbia. 



TOWNS, &C. 



Dorchester, 

Cross Ashley River, to Cyprus, 

Cross Edisto R. N. Fork to Wahiut. 

Moore's, 

Shute's, 

Orangebtirg, [o] 

Beaver Creek, 

Granby^ [p] 

Cross Congaree, to Columbia, [9] 

Winnsborough, 

Chesterville, 

Yorkville, 

Cross N. C. State Line, 

French Broad River, - 

Flint Hill, 

Mor gantown, -^ 



12 

9 

9 

17 

11 

20 

20 

3 

30 

28 

22 

7 

18 

17 

28 



-02 

5 § 



12 

24 

^^ 

42 

59 

70 

90 

110 

113 

143 

171 

193 

200 

218 

235 > 

263 



No. 4. 
From Chariest on to Pendleton, by Cambridge. 



Orangeburg, as in 


last No. 


^ 




70 


Ridge, 


. 


- 


35 


105 


Cambridge, 


- 


. 


45 


150 


Abbeville, 


- 


- 


25 


175 


Rocky River> 


- 


- 


27 


202 


Pendleton, 


- 


- 


20 


222 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <^C. 339 

•■ '•-'**' — 

\o] Orangeburg, posi-towji and cap. Orangeburg district, S, 
C, on N. branch of the Edisto; 40 SSW. Columbio, 77 NNW. 
Charleston, W. 548. It contains a court house, a jail, about 
20 houses, and an academy. 

[p] Granby, post-town, Lexington district, S. C, on the 
Con<|;aree, opposite Columbia, W 509. 

\q] Columbia, post-town and cap. S. C, in Richland dis- 
trict; 35 SVV. Camden, 73 NE. Augusta, 120 NNW. Charles- 
ton, W. 507. Lon 81. 7. W. Lat. 33. 57. N. Pop. in I8l6, 
2,058, of whom 1,031 were whites. It is situated opposite to 
the confluence of the Saluda and Broad rivers, which unite to 
form the Congaree. From the river there is a gradual ascent 
for one mile ; then commences a plain of between 2 and 3 
miles in extent, gradually descending on every side. Tiiis ele- 
vated plain forms the site of the town, which presents a hand- 
some and extensive prospect. The town was formed in 1787. 
It is regularly laid out. The streets intersect each other at 
right angles, and are 100 feet wide. 

Columbia is a flourishing town, and contains a state house, 
a court house, a jail, a market liouse, a branch of the state 
bank of S. C, an academy for males, and one for females, a 
college, and 4 houses of public worship; 1 for Episcopalians, I 
for Presbyterians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Metiioiiii^ts. Tlie 
state house is of 2 stories, 170 feet by 60 ; and is situated in the 
central part of the town. The Presbyterian church is an ele- 
gant edifice, presenting in its front iwo lofty cpirps : and ii/,. 
Episcopal church has a bell and an organ. The houses dis- 
play much taste and elegance. They are mostly of wood ; but 
the taste for building with brick is now predominating. A steam 
boat plies between this town and Charleston, 

The South Carolina College was founded in this town in 
1802, but the first graduation did not lake place till 1807. It 
"is under the liberal patronage of the state legislature, from 
■which it receives an annual giunt of iO, ui 12,000 dollars. The 
college buildings arc two edifices, of 3 stories, about 210 feet 
long, and 25 wide, containnig u oliapel, recitation rooms, and 
rooms for the accommodation of students. These buildings 
stand opposite to each other; at the head of the opening be- 
tween them, stands the president's house, a large building. 
In a range below on one side are two large tenements for two 
professois, and a steward's house; on the other side are two 
similar tenements for professors, and a large building contain- 
ing the philosophical apparatus, and library, with an observa- 
tory upon its summit. These buildings are all of brick, and 
regularly arranged, and make an impressive appearance. The 
library contains about 5,000 volumes. The chemical appara> 
tus and the philosoDhical are boiii extensive, and cost upwards 
of 7,000 dollars: 



t540 



STATE ROADS, 



SOUTH-CAROLINA — Continued, 



No. 5. 

From Charleston to Lexington^ Kentucky, 

and Cincinnati, Ohio. 



TOWNS, &c. 



Columbia, as in No. 3, 

Newbury, 

Belfast, 

Lawrence, 

Reedy River Shoals, [r J 

Greenville, 

Gowanville, 

Warm Springs, 

Newport, Ten. 

Beans Station, or Oresville, 

Clinch River, [5] 

Cumberland Gap, and Kentucky 

wState Line, 
Cumberland River, [/] 
Barbourville, 
Hazlepatch, 
Crab Orchard, [ii] 
Shakertonm, 
Lexington, 
Georgetown, [v^ 
Eagle Creek, 
Nelson's Ridge Road, - 



ce -J, 



45 
18 
20 
15 
22 
27 
45 
35 
25 
37 
13 

7 
13 

18 
20 
28 
30 
22 
12 
12 
6 ' 5S^^ 



D a . 
xJB a 
: W £ 

i£ s 

113 
158 
176 
196 
211 
233 
260 
305 
340 
SQ5 
402 
415 

422 • 

435 

453 

473 

501 

531 

boS 

565 

577 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SlC, 341 

The board of trustees is composed of the governor, lieutenant 
governor, president of the senate, speaker of the house of re- 
presentatives, the judges of the state, together with 13 mem- 
bers elected by the legislature every 4 years. The executive 
government is entrusted to a president, 4 professors, 1 of lan- 
guages, 1 of moral philosophy and logic, 1 of chemical and 
experimental philosopiiy and mineralogy, and 1 of mathematics, 
mechanical philosophy, and astronomy; and 2 tutors. The 
number of students, in I8l8, was upwards of 100. There is 
but one session in a year, which continues 9 months, and one 
vacation of 3 months, commencing about the 1st of July. The 
commencement is held on the 1st Monday in December, during 
the sitting of the legislature. 

[r] Fork Shoals, or Reedy River Shoals, post-village, Green- 
ville, S. C. ; VV. 594. 

[s] Clinch River, Tennessee, which rises in Va., and runs 
SW. into the Tennessee, at Kingston. It is 150 yards wide at 
its mouth, and navigable for boats 200 miles. 

[/J Cumberland river, which rises in the Cumberland moun- 
tains, Va., unci runs through Kentucky and Tennessee into the 
Ohio, 60 miles from the Mississijjpi. It is navigable for large 
vessels to Nashville near 2*^0 miles, and for boats of 15 tons 
300 further. At certain seasons vessels of 4oO tons may des- 
cend from the distance of 40o miles to the Ohio. 

[u] Crab Orchard, post-town, Lincoln co. Kentucky, W. of 
Dick's river; 25 SE. Danville, VV. 609. 

[y] Georgetown, post-town and./;ap. Scott co. Kentucky ; 12 
fi. Lexington, 17 E. Frankfort, W. 570. Lon. 85.8. VV. Lat. 
38. 15. N. Pop. in 1810, 548; in 1820, 1,056. It is situated 
in a pleasant and fertile country, and contains a court house, 
a jail, a bank, a printing office, an academy, 2 houses of pub- 
lic worship, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists, and has se- 
veral manufacturing establishments. It is situated on Royal 
Spring, which flows into the N. Elkhorn, nearly a mile from 
^he town. 



29* 



342 



STATE ROADS 



SOUTH-CAROLINA — ConiinuecL 



TOWNS, &C. 


11 

is 




Harrisons, 

Arnolds, 

Theobalds, 

Gaine's, 

Covington, 

Cross Licking R. [tvl to Newport, 

Cross Ohio R. to Cincinnati, [x] 


6 
7 
4 
12 
16 
1 
1 


589 

596 
600 
612 
627 
628 
629 



No. 6. 
From Charleston to Knoxmlle^ by the Warm 



Springs, 



Warm Springs, as in last No. - 
Knoxville, as in N. Carolina No. 1 



81 



340 
421 



No. 7. 
From Charleston to Augusta^ Georgia, 



Rantoles, 


- 




9 


Parker's Ferrj, 


- 


13 


22 


N. Saltkether River, - 


- 


33 


55 


Cambahee River, [yl - 


- 


30 


85 


White Ponds, 


- 


22 


107 


Aiionsta, \z] 


- 


22 


129 



No. 8. 
From Charleston to Savannah ; by Steamboat. 



Charleston Bar, 
Light House, 



7 

10 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <l:c. 343 

[w] Licking River, Oliio, which rises in Licking co.,iiinsE., 
and empties itself into the Muskingum, opposite to Zanesville. 
Near its mouih, and 4 miles above, are falls, which afford 
many valuable mill seats. 

[z] Cincinnati, city, and cap. Hamilton co., Ohio, on N. 
bank of the Ohio, 20 miles above the mouth of the Great Miami, 
122 above Louisville, 465 below Pittsburg by water, and 300 
by land ; 85 N. Lexington, 93 W. by S. Chillicothe, 109 SVV. 
Columbus, W. SO*. Lon. 8i.27. W. Lat. 39. 6. N. Pop. iu 
1805, 500 i in 1810, 2,540; in 1815, 6,5oO ; in 1S20, 9,642. 
Buildings in 1819, 1,890; 432 of brick, 1,458 of wood; dwel- 
ling houses, 1,304. 

The city is divided into 4 wards, regularly laid out, and well 
built, and its situation is pleasant, healthy, and considerably 
elevated. It contains a court-house, 3 brick market-houses, 4 
banks, a Lancasterian school, a public library of 1,400 volumes, 
a medical college, instituted in 1820, 10 places of public wor- 
ship, a hospital, a museum, 4 printing offices, a steam mill, 87 
feet by 62, of stories, 1 vvooling and 4 cotton manufactories, 
2 glass houses, a sugar refinery, 2 breweries, a type foundery, 
an air and brass foundery, also the building of the Cincinnati 
Manufacturing Company, which is 150 feet by 37, of 4 stories, 
besides other manufacturing establishments. The funds of the 
Lancasterian Seminary have lately been increased by a subscrip- 
tion of §30,000, with a view of erecting it into a college. Ma- 
thematics, natural philosophy, chemistry, and the learned lan- 
guages, are now taught here. 

Cincinnati was first laid out in 1788, and began to flourish 
after 1794, since which time its growth in population, wealth, 
and trade, has been exceedingly rapid, and it is now the largest 
town in the Wei tern country above New Oilcans. 

[y] Cambahee, r. S. C, which is formed by two branches, 
called North and South Saltketcher, and runs into St. Helena 
sound. 

[s] Augusta, city and cap. Richmond co, Georgia, on the 
Savannah; 73 SW. Columbia, 87 ENE. Milledgeville, 123 
NNW. Savannah, 138 VVNW. Charleston, VV. 589. Lon. 8o. 
46. W. Lat. 33. 19. N. Pop. in 1810, 2,476- in 1820, up- 
wards of 4j000. It contains a court house, a jail, a market- 
house, an academy, an insurance office, 3 banks, jne of which 
is a branch of the U. S. bank, and 4 houses of public worship ; 
1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Methodists, 
and 1 for Episcopalians. It is regularly laid out and hand- 
somely built, mostly of brick. Several of the public buildings, 
and many of the private houses, are spacious and elegant. It 
is a very flourishing commercial town, and probably has more 
trade tlian any other place of its size in the United States. Im- 
mense quantities of cotton, considerable tobacco, and some 
other kinds of produce are brought to Augusta from the back 
country, and conveyed in boats down the river to Savannah. 



344 



S^TATE ROADS. 



SOUTH-CAROLINA — Continued, 



TOWNS, &:c. 



aTQ 



Qg 



N. Edisto Sound, [a] 

South Edisto, 

Beaufort, [6] 

Port Repuljlican, 

Tybee Sound, 

Up Savannah R. [c] to Savannah 



25 
10 
18 
10 

25 
12 



35 
45 
63 
IS 
98 
110 



No. 9. 
From Columbia to Pendleton Court-House^ 



Newbury, 

Belfast, 

Laurens, 

Reedy River Shoals, - 

Pickinsville, 

Pendleton C. H. M - 





45 


18 


QS 


26 


89 


15 


104 


29 


133 


16 


149 



No. 10. 



From Columbia to Georgetoivn. 




Miersville, 


- 


- 




12 


Statesburg;, 


- 


- 


20 


32 


Sumplerville, [e] 


- 


- 


16 


48 


Salem, 


- 


- 


J5 


^3 


Williamsburg, 


- 


- 


24 


87 


Wilton, 


- 


- 


25 


112 


Black River, [/] 


- 


- 


10 


122 


Georgetown^ 


- 


- 


16 


138 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWKS, &€. 344^ 

[a] North Edisto, inlet, S. C; 11 SVV. Stone Inlet. 

[6] Beaufort, seapoit town and post-town Beaufoit district, 
S. C. on Port Royal Island, at the mouth of the Coosawhatchie; 
60 NE. Savannah, 72 SW. Charleston, VV. 630. Lon. 80. 33. 
VV. Lat. 32. 31. N. Pop. about 1,000. It is a very pleasant 
and healthy town, has an excellent harbour, though but little 
commerce. It contains 3 churthes, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for 
Congregationalist!«, and 1 for Baptists. The courts of the 
district were formerly held here, l)ut they are now removed to 
Coosawhatchie. Here is a seminary, wiiich was incorporated 
as a college, endowed with funds of 60, or JjTOjOOO, having a 
handsome edifice and a library of 700 volumes, but it has 
hitherto assumed only the form of an academy. 

[c] Savannah river, United States, which is formed by the 
union of the Tugeloo and Keovvee. It separates South-Caro- 
lina from Geo:gia, and runs BE. into the Atlantic. It is navi- 
gable for large vessels to the town of Savannah, 17 miles, and 
for boats of 100 feet keel, to Augusta, which by the course of 
the liver, is 340 miles above Savannah. Just above Augusta 
there are falls ; beyond these, the river is navigable for boats 
to the junction of the Tugeloo and Keowee. 

[d] Pendleton, post town and capital Pendleton District, S. 
C. betwppn IG and 23 MJfe Creeks; 110 NW. Augusta, 135 
W. by N. Columbia, 225 NVV. Charleston, W. 562. P^p. 
215. H. 40. It is a flourishing village, and contains an ele- 
gant brick court-house, a jail, a printing-office, a rnavifct house, 
a hall, and an incorporated academy, with TO pupils. 

[e] Sumpterville, post-town, and capital Sumpter District, 
*^ O.; 15 K. of Wateree, 12 E. Statesburg, 28 S. Camden, 44 

Jolumbia, 96 N. Charleston, W. 481. It contains a court- 
.ise, a jail, and a Baptist meeting-house. — Bradford SpringSf 
ween Sumpterville and Camden, nearly equi-distant, are re- 
ed to in summer. 

/] Black River, r. S. C. , which runs into the Pedee, 
J. 99 5. W. Lat. 3^. 29. N. 



HS 



STATE ROADS. 



SOUTH-CAROLINA — Concluded. 



No. 11. 
Fro7n Orangeburg to Augusta. 



TOWNS, &C. 




si". 
II r 


SoQth Fork of Edisto River, {g'] 
North Fork of Cambahee River, 
Barnwell C. H. 
Upper 3 Runs, 
Augusta, 


7 
15 
15 
25 


18 

25 
40 
35 
80 



No, 12. 

From Coosawhatcfiy to Augusta, 



Black Swamp, [/?] 






3d 


Gillet's Mill, 


_ 


15 


50 


Lower 3 Runs, \i\ 


- 


2 


f:o 


Meeting House, 


- 


15 




Upper 3 Runs, 


- 


7 




Augusta [;] 


- 


20 





DESCKIPTION OF TOWNS, &C, S47 

[g] Edisto, or Pompon r. S. C, which crosses Orangeburg 
and Charleston districts and runs into the Atlantic, by 2 mouths, 
20 S. Charleston. It is navigable for large boats 100 miles. 

[h] Black Swamp, post>village, in St. Peter's parish, S. C; 
W. 644. 

\i] Three Runs, (Lower,) post-village, Barnwell district, 
S. C.} W,627. 

[J] Augusta, city and cap. Richmond co. Georgia, on the 
Savannah; 73 SW. Columbia, 87 ENE. Milledgeville, 123 
NNW. Savannah, 138 WNW. Charleston, W. 589. Lon. 80. 
46. W. Lat. 33. 19. N. Pop. in 18lo, 2,476; in 1820, upwards 
of 4,000. It contains a court-hou^e, a jail, a market-house, an 
academy, an insurance office, 3 banks, one of which is a branch 
of the U S. bank, and 4 houses of public worship; 1 for Pres- 
byterians, 1 for Roman Catholics, J for Methodists, and 1 for 
Episcopal = a«is. It is regularly laid cut and handsomely built, 
mostly of brick. Several of the public buildings, and many of 
the private houses are spacious and (Wgant. It is a very flour- 
ishing coHimercial town, and probably has more trade, than 
any other place of its size in the United States. Immense 
quantities of cotton, considerable tobacco, and some other 
kinds of produce are brought to Augusta from the back country, 
and conveyed in boats down the river to Savannah. 



348 



STATE ROADS. 



GEORGIA. 


No. 1. 


From Savannah [k] to Augusta, and thence to 


Lexington, Kentucky, 


TOWNS, &C. 






Dasher's 


16 


Lishners, 


4 


20 


Ebetiezer Creek and Bridge, - 


5 


25 


Taylor's, 


15 


40 


Pierce's, 


20 


60 


Cross Beaver Dam Creek, to Jack- 






sonsborough, 


11 


71 


Cross Briar Creek, to Mill Haven, 


10 


81 


McBean Creek, 


29 


110 


Augusta, 


16 


126 


Cross Savannah R. to S. C. Ste- 






phens Creek, 


7 


133 


Long Myers, 


31 


164 


Abbeville, 


13 


179 


Greenville, [/] 


40 


219 


Gowanville, 


27 


246 


Ashville, 


45 


291 


Lexine:ton, as in S. C No. 5, - I 


248 539 


No. 2. 


From Savannah to Augusta; by Steam-boat. 


Purysburg, 




18 


Beck's Ferry, - 


5 


23 


Sisters Ferry, 


18 t 


41 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, iiC, 34*^ 



[g] Savannah, city and port of entry, Chatham co. Georgia, 
on SW. bank of the Savannah, 17 tji. from its mouth ; 118 SVV. 
Charleston, 123 SE. Augusta, 160 ESE. Milledgeville, W. 658, 
Lon.8l. 10. W. Lat.32. 8. N. Pop., 1820, 7,523; slaves, 3,1 75; 
free blacks, 582. Situated on a sandy plain, elevated about 4Q 
feet above low tide, and contains a court-house, a jail, an 
alms-house, a hospital, a theatre, a public library, an acade- 
my, an exchange, 3 banks, including a branch of the U. S. bank : 
and 7 houses ol public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, I for Epis- 
copalians, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Methodists, 1 for Baptists, I 
for Roman Catholics, & a Jewish synagouge. 

The academy is built of brick and stone, 180 feet by 60, of 3 
stories. The exchange is a brick edifice of 5 stories. The new 
Presbyterian church, recently erected, is a very spacious and 
elegant edifice of stone. The city a few years since was almost 
wholly built of wood, with very few elegant houses, but a 
large proportion of the houses recently erected, are handsomely 
built of brick. Savannah has heretofore been accounted very 
unhealthy during the summer and autumn, but the salubrity of 
the place is now much iniproved by appropriating to a dry cul- 
ture, those lands in its immediate vicinity, which were former- 
ly appropriated to the culture of rice. 

The city is regularly laid out, and contains 10 public squares, 
each consisting of 2 acres, with a pump in the centre The 
squares and public walks are planted with china trees, which 
contribute much to the ornament, comfort, and salubrity of the 
place. Savannah is the great emporium of the state, and is a 
place of much trade. In 9 months, ending June 30, 181?, 
there were exported 107,320 bales of cotton, 3,605 hhds. of to- 
bacco, 11,228 tierces of rice ; total valiie $9,966,503: and in 
six months, ending the 3lst of Mardh 18l8, 61,797 bales ef 
cotton, 13 680 tierces of rice, and 1,500 hhds. of tobacco. The 
shipping belonging to this port, in 1821, amounted to 10,826 
tons. Vessels drawing 14> feet of water come up to the wharfs ; 
larger vessels take in their cargoes at Five Fathom Hole, 3 
miles below the town. On the east side ofthecityis Fort 
"Wayne; at Five Fathom Hole is Fort .Ta'.kson ; and on Tybec 
island, near the mouth of the river, there is a light-hou«e. On the 
loth Jan. 1820, 463 buildings were destroyed in this city by fire. 
The damage was estimated at $4,000. 000. The part burnt has 
been since mostly rebuilt with brick, in an improved style. 



30 



350 



STATE ROADS. 



GEORGIA — Continued. 



TOWNS, &C. 


li 


si. 
5f 


Hudson's Ferry, 
Mouth of Briar Creek, [o] 
Lower 3 Runs, 
Upper 3 Runs, 
Augusta^ [p] 


15 
18 
15 
20 
31 


56 

74 

89 

109 

140 



No. 3. 
i^/•ow^ Savannah to Knoxmlle, Ten7iessee, 



x^ugusta, as in last No. 




140 


Applington, 


21 


161 


Cross Little River, to Rays Mills, 


12 


173 


Lisbon, 


26 


199 


Elberton, 


20 


219 


Carnesville, [q'] 


33 


252 


Currahee Mountain, - 


12 


264 


Habersham, on Tororee Creek, 


18 


282 


Tennessee State Line, 


27 


309 


Maryville, [r] 


60 


369 


Knoxville, [s] 


15 


384 



No. 4. 
From Savannah to Milledgeville, 



JenksBridge,onGr.OgeecheeR.L^] 




20 


Statesboroue^h, 


28 


48 


Emanuel County Line, 


30 


78 


Washington do. 


38 


116 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SlC, S5 I 

[o] Briar Creek, r. Georgia, which runs into the Savajinati, 
40 miles below Augusta. In 1779, a part of the Aineiican 
army was surprised on lliis river by the British, and entirely 
routed, with the loss of 'lOO men killed or taken ; the whole of 
their artillery, their stores, baggage, and most of their arms 
were taken. 

[//] Augusta, city and cap. Richmond co. Georgia, on the 
Savannah; 73 SVV. Columbia, ii7 ENE. Milledgeville, 123 
NNW. Savannah, 138 WNW, Charleston, W. 5S9. Lun. 80. 
46. W. Lat. 33. 19. N. Pop. in IS 10, 2,476 ; in 18^0, upwards 
of 4,000. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, an 
academy, an insurance office, 3 banks, oue of which is a branch 
of the U. S. bank, and 4 houses of public worship; 1 for Pres- 
byterians, 1 for Roman Catholics, ] for Methodists, and 1 for 
Episcopalians. It is regularly laid out and handsomely built, 
mostly of brick. Several of the public buildings, and many of 
the private houses are spacious and elegant. It is a very flour- 
ishing commercial town, and probably has more trade, than 
any other place of its size in the United States. Immense 
quantities of cotton, considerable tobacco, and some other 
kinds of produce are brought to Augusta fvom the buck country, 
and conveyed in boats down the river to Savannah. 

[q] Carnesville, or Frapklir, post town and cap. Franklin 
CO., (ieorgia, on the Sahvagee ; 125 NW. Augusia, W. 641. 
Pop. in 1 BIO, 88. 

[r\ Maryville, post-town and cap. Blount co. Tenn. ; 15 S.. 
Knoxville, VV. 556. 

[s\ Knoxville, post-town and cap. Knox co. Ten., on the 
Holston, 4 miles below the mouth of French Broad river, and 
22 above the junction of the Holston with Tennessee river ; 134 
WSW. Abingdon, 190 E Nashville, 190 S. Lexington, 455 
WSW. Richmond, W. 538. Lon. 83. 44 VV. Lat. 35. 45. N. 
Pop. in 1818, about 1,400. It is pleasantly situated, regular- 
ly laid out, and contains a court house, a jail, a state bank, aa 
academy, barracks sufficient to accommodate 700 men, two 
printing; offices, from each of which is issued av.?^ekly newspa- 
per, and 3 houses of public worship; 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for 
Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. It is the largest town in East 
Tennessee, and was formerly the seat of the state government. 
Hampden Sydney Academy, in this town, is a respectable semi- 
nary. A college styled Blount, or East Tennessee College, 
was established in this town several years since, and a Presi- 
dent first elected in 1820. 

[/] Ogeechee, r. Georgia, which rises near the Appalachian 
rrijOuntains, passes by Lexington, Louisville, and Georgetown, 
flows SE, nearly parallel with the Altamaha, into Ossabaw 
ou5d, at Hardwick. Length 200 tuiles. 



^52 



STATE ROADS. 



GEORGIA — Continued, 



TOWNS, &C» 


^ - 

II 




Sander svilk, [u] 
Oconee River, [r] 

MiLLEDGEVILLE, [iv] - 


16 

25 

1 


132 
157 
158 



No. 5. 
From Savannah to Milledgeville, by Louisville, 



Et'iingham County 


Line, 


- 




16 


Shrimp's Creek, 


» 


. 


10 


26 


Little Ogachee River, - 


- 


21 


47 


Horse Creek, 


- 


- 


25 


72 


Buck Head do. 


- 


- 


7 


79 


.fone's do. 


-i 


- 


17 


96 


Lambert's do. 


. 


. 


18 


114 


Louisville^ [a;] 


- 


- 


2 


116 


Ogechee River, 


- 


_ 


2 


118 


Sandersville, 


. 




22 


140 


Milledgeville, 


- 


- 


26 


166 



No. 6. 

From Savannah to Augusta, by Waynsbo- 
roiii^h. 



Jacksonborough, as in No, 1, lyj 




71 


Waynesborough, Iz] - 


Sb 


106 


M'Bean Creek. 


15 


121 


Augusta. 


16 


137 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 353 



[u] Sandei-iviile, post-town and cap. Washington ro., Geor- 
gia ; 26 E. MilledgeviJle, W. 669. It contains a court house 
and a jail. 

[v] Oconee river, Georgia, wliich rises in the Oconee moun- 
tains, flows by Milledgeville, and unites with tiie Oakmulgee, 
to form tile Altamaha. 

[tc] Milledgeville, post-town, Baldwin co. Georgia, and the 
seat of the state government, on the Oconee, 30o miles hy the 
river from the sea ; 87 VV. by S. Augusta, 160 WN W. Savan- 
nah, 170 NVV. Darien, W. 675. Lat. 32 55. N. Pop. in 
1810, 1,256; in 1820, 2,069. It has an elevated and pleasant 
situation, within the limits of the upland country, near the bor- 
ders of the alluvial region, and its vicinity is fertile and pop- 
ulous. It contains an elegant state house of 3 stories, a state 
arsenal, and a large penitentiary, all of brick ; an academy, 
and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for 
Baptists. Two newspapers are published here. It was found- 
ed in 1806. 

\x] Louisville, post-town and cap. Jefferson county, Georgia, 
on the Ogeechee, 70 miles from its mouth ; 50 E. Milledgeville, 
110 NW. Savannah, VV. 644 Population in 1810, 524. It 
contains a court-house, a jail, and a meeting house. This 
town was formerly the seat of the state government. 

[i/] Jacksonborough, p-v. Scriven county, Georgia; 65 NVV. 
Savannah, W. 644. 

[z\ Waynesborough, post-town and cap. Burke co. Georgia ; 
£4 ENE. Louisville, 28 SSW. Augusta, about 100 NVV. Savan- 
nah, VV.619. It is situated on Briar creek, about 14 miles 
from the Savannah, and contains a court house, ajail, an aca- 
demy, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyl€rians arid 1 (oi 
Metiiodists, and about 50 dwelling houses. 



SO* 



54 



STATE ROADS. 



GEORGIA — Continued. 



No. 7. 

From Savannah to ^olerain, on St. Marifs 

River, 



TOWNS, SiC. 


li 
la 




Riceborough, [a] 

Fort Barrington, [6] - 

Buffalo Creek, 

L. St. Ilia River, 

MerselFs 

Great St. Ilia River, - 

Coleraine, [c] 


20 
14 
10 
15 

7 
8 


30 
50 
64 
74 
89 
96 
104 



No. 8. 
From Savannah to Coffee Bluff. 



Coffee iMufi\ 



I I 12 



No. 9. 
From Sava7inah to Skedaway Islands. 



^Aunderbolt BlufiC, 
Skedaway islands, 



4 
10 



No. 10. 

From Augusta to JS*ashville, by Ross and 

Winchester. 



Applington, 


- 


. 




21 


kajs Mills, 


- 


- 


12 


SS 


Washington^ [(?] 


- 


•m 


18 


61 


.Lexington, [e] 


- 


~ 


23 


74 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, fcc. 355 

[a] Riceborough, post-town and cap. Liberty cc, Georgia, 
on Newport river ; 32':W. Savannah, W. 692. It contains 
about 3o houses. 

[b] Fort Barrington, town, Georgia, on the coast of the At- 
lantic ; 50 SSW. Savannah. Long. 8i 55 W. Lat. 31 30 N. 

[c] Coleraine, town, Camden «ounty, Georgia, on St. Ma- 
ry's river, 45 miles from its mouth. 

[d] Washington, post-town and cap. Wilkes co. Georgia, ou 
Kettle creek, a branch of Little river; 50 VVNW. Augusta, 5^ 
N. by W. Louisville, 65 NE. by E. MjUedgeville, W.645. Lat. 
S3. 3i. N. Pop. 695. It is siuiated on a high, healthy, and fer- 
tile plain, 23 miles distant from the nearest navigable water. 
It is regularly laid out, and contains a courthouse, a jail, a 
bank, an academy, a masonic hall, all of brick, a Methodist 
meeting house, and a printing office. The houses are chiefly 
of wood. 

[e] Lexington, post-town and capital Oglethorpe county, 
Georgia, on the Ogeechee ; 76 NW. Augusta, W. 649. Pop. 
in 1810, 222. It contains a court-house, a jail, and an aca- 
demy. 



S3 6 



STATE ROADS. 



GEORGIA — Continued. 







Js 


.5 


TOWNS, &C. 




6 




Cherokee Corner, [/] 


_ 


80 


Athens, [^" 


- 


7 


87 


Clarksborough, \]i\ 


- 


10 


97 


Jefferson, \i\ 


- 


7 


104 


Chatahoochee, River, [j] 


- 


21 


125 


Chestatee do. 


- 


6 


130 


Etowah do. 


- 


7 


137 


Long Swamp Creek, - 


- 


20 


157 


Tocking River, 


- 


9 


166 


Oostanaulee do. [/c] 


- 


10 


176 


Vans, 


- 


15 


191 


Connesanga River, 


- 


2 


193 


Missionary School, on Tennessee 






State Line, 


- 


15 


208 


Ross, 


- 


10 


218 


Nickajack, [/] 


- 


20 


238 


Tennessee River, [m] - 


- 


6 


244 


Winchester, 


- 


24 


268 


Shelbyville, 


- 


25 


293 


Nashville, [n] 


- 


50 


345 



From 



Augusta 



No. 11. 
to Huntsville, Alabama, 
Winchester, Ten. 



Winchester, as in last No. 


_ 




268 


Salem, 


- 


10 


278 


Millars, 


- 


20 


298 


Huntsville, 


- 


18 


316 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. 357 

[/] Cherokee corner, post-village, Oglethorpe ctiunty, Geor- 
gia ; 8s^ miles from Athens, W. 675. 

[g] Athens, post-town, Clarke co. Georgia, on the Oconee; 
7 N. Watkinsville, 94 WNVV. Augusta, 197 NW. Savannah, 
W. G67. Lat. 35 15 N. Population ia 1810, !;i73. It has a 
very elevated, pleasant, and healthy situation. A weekly 
newspaper is published here. 

[h\ Clarksborough, post-town, Jackson county. Georgia,. 110 
?^VV. Augusta, W.689. 

\i] Jeflerson, or Jeflerston, post town and capital Jackson 
CO. Georgia, 18 Athens, 90 Miliedgevilie, 110 Augusta, 227 NW, 
Savannah, W. C99. It is a small village, containing a court- 
house a jail, and an academy, 

( J] Chatahoochee river, whicii rises in the Appalachian moun- 
tains, runs across NW. part of Georgic, forms a part of the W. 
boundary of the state, dividing it from Alabama, and in Lat. 
30 45 N. receives Flint river, and takes the ,name of Appala- 
chicola. 

[A;J Oostanaulee, r, Georgia, in the country of th« Cherokees, 
It Hows SW. and unites with the Etowee to form the Coosa. 

[I] Nickajack, au Indian town in NW. corner of Georgia, 
on the Tennessee. 

[m] Tennessee river, U. S. which rises from the Alleghany 
mountains, on the borders of N. C. It crosses the state of 
Tennessee in a SW. direction, enters Alabama, then pursues a 
westerly course for l50 or 200 miles, then takes a noriberu 
course, crosses the state of Tennessee again, and the westerri 
part of the state of Kentucky, and joins the Ohio, 12 miles be- 
low the Cumberland, and 46 above the Mississippi. It is a- 
bout 1,100 miles long, and navigable for steam boats, at high 
swells, 259 miles to Florence, in Alabama, at the lower end of 
the Muscle shoals, and for boats at all seasons. Here it widens, 
and becomes two shallow for boats to pass when the water ia 
low. Above the shoals, boats pass without obstruction 250 
miles to the Suck, or Whirl, where the river breaks through the 
Cumberland mountains. Just as the river enters the mountains, 
a great rock projects from the norther.i shore, which causes a 
sudden bend in the river. The water is thrown v^ith great vio- 
lence against the southern shore, where it rebounds around the 
point of the rock, and produces the whirl. The river is here 
compressed to the width of about 70 feet. Boats ascend and 
descend the whirl without great difficulty. 

[?i] Nashville, post town and cap. Davidson co. Ten. on S. 
side of the Cumberland ; 32 NW. Murfreesborougb, 110 N. 
Huntsville, 190 W. Knoxville, 250 SW. Lexington, 430 NE. 
by N. Natchez, vV. 727. Pop. 3 or 4,000. Lon. 87. 8. W. 
Lat. 35. 45. N. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, 
and contains a court house, a jail, a markel house, 2 banks, a 



358 



STATE ROADS. 



GEORGIA — Continued. 



No. 12. 

From Augusta to Huntsville, direct by WilVs 
Town, Alabama, 





1- ■), 


fX 


Tow>s, kc. 






Warrenton, 




41 


Powelton, [o] 


12 


53 


Greensboro' 


22 


75 


Madison, [p] - ^ - 


19 


94 


Monroe, 


24 


118 


Chatahoochee River, 


40 


158 


Etowah River, 


30 


188 


Etowah Town, 


10 


198 


Oostenaulee River, 


27 


225 


Alabama State Line, - 


30 


255 


Willstown, 


21 


276 


Fort Deposit, 


32 


308 


Hunts cille, [q] 


24 


332 



No. 13. 
From Augusta to Green sborough ^ Madison. 



Powelton, as in last No. 




63 


Greensborough, [rj 


22 


75 


Oconee River, 


6 


79 


Appalatchee River, 


3 


82 


Madison. 


n J 


93 



t'ESCRIPTION OF TOWiVS, &(*. 359 

)foung ladies' academy, a public library of 1,200 volumes, a 
cotton 'and woollen manufactory, a rope walk, 2 distilleries, 
and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Me- 
thodists, and 1 for Baptists. It is a thriving and wealthy town, 
the largest in the state, and is situated in a fertile and populous 
country, and has a flourishing trade. Two newspapers are 
published here. There is a steam Iioat navigation fromlvash- 
ville to New Orleans. The Cumberland is navigable to this 
place for vessels of 30 or 40 tons, 9 months in the year, and at 
certain times, for ships of 400 tons. The distance of Nashville 
from New Orleans, by land through Natchez, is 586. A road 
is opening through Madisonville, distance 480 miles. Cumber- 
land College was incorporated here in 1806, and a building 
about 90 feet long, and 3 stories high, was erected ; but the 
college has not gone into operation, and a grammar school is 
kept in the building. 

[o] Powelton, post-town, Hancock co. Georgia ; 14 N Spar- 
ta, W. 662. It contains a flourishing academy, and 2 meeting 
houses, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. 

[p\ Madison, post-town and cap. Mora;an co.; Georgia ; 45 
NW. Milledgeville, VV.694. Pop. in 1810, 229. It is a flour- 
ishing to^vn, situated in a fertile country, and contains a court 
house, a jail, an academy, and a meeting house. 

[q] Huntsville, post-town and capital Madison co. Alabama, 
near the head waters of Indian creek ; 8 S. of Tennessee line, 
10 N. Tennessee river, 110 S. Nashville, 220 N. Cahawba, W. 
749. Lon. 86. 57. W. Lat. 34. 36. N. Population, 1,500. 
It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, built prin- 
cipally of brick, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- 
house, a bank, a land-office, a printing-office, 2 houses of pub- 
he worship, 1 for Presbyterians and 1 lor Methodists, and about 
25 trading-stores. It is situated in a very fertile cou«try, from 
which is exported annually, 12 of 14,000 bales of cotton. A 
very large and abundant spring, the source of Indian creek, 
supplies the town with excellent water. A boat navigation, 
from Huntsville to the Tennessee, has recently been opene.l by 
clearing out Indian creek, and forming a canal of 4 or 5 miles. 

[r] Greensborough, post-town and capital Greene co. Geor- 
gia < 30 S. Athens, 38 N. Milledgeville, W.662. Population in 
1810, 413. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, 
a jail, a Presbyterian meeting-house, an academy, and a print- 
ing-office. 



360 



STATE ROADS. 



GEORGIA — Continued, 






No. 14. 
From Augusta to Louisville, 


TOWNS, &c. 


la • 




Jones' Mills, 
Cowles Mills, 
Briar Creek, 
Louisville, 


- 


3 
11 

22 


8 
11 

22 
44 


No. 15. 

From, Augusta to Louisville, 
Springs, 


hy 


Richmond 


Murrays Mills, 
Richmond Springs, - 
Chickasaw Ford, 
Mill Creek, 
Louisville, 


- 


8 

7 

3 

17 


10 
18 
25 
28 
45 


No. 16. 
From Darien [5] to Milledgen 


lie ai 


id At 


hens. 


Fort Barrin^ton, [t] - 

Bairds Creek, 

Tatnall C. H. 

Vernon, 

Cross Altahama River, to Dublin, 

Big Saudv River, [w] 


26 
21 
33 
35 

26 


14 
40 
61 
94 
129 
165 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 361 

[s] Darien, post-town and seaport town Mcintosh co., Geor- 
gia, on the north and principal channel of the Altamaha, near 
its entrance into St. Simon's sound, 12 miles from the bar, 63 
SSW. Savannah, 165 SE. Milledgeville, W, 722. Lon. 81. 37, 
W. Lat. 31. 23. N. Pop. in 1810, 206; in 1820, upwards of 
1,000. It stands on a high sandy bluflf, and contains a Presby- 
terian meeting house, a bank, and a printing office. It has 
lately risen into importance, and is a flourishing town. The 
bar has 14 feet at low water. Exertions are making to remove 
the obstructions to the navigation, and to render this the em- 
porium of the fertile country watered by the Oakmulgee and 
Oconee, branches of th? Altamaha. 

[/] Fort Barrington, town, Georgia, on the coast of the At- 
lantic; 50 SSW. Savannah. Lon. 81. 55. W. Lat. 31. 30. N. 

[u] Sandy River, (Big) r. which rises in the Laurel moun- 
tains and forms a part of the boundary between Virginia and 
Kentucky, for nearly 20o miles, and runs NNW. into the Ohio, 
4-0 miles above the Scioto. It is navigable for batteaux to the 
Wascioto mountaioS) about 50 miles. 



31 



3G2 



STATE ROADS. 



GEORGIA — Continued. 



TOWNS, &C, 



MiLLEDGEVILLE, [v] 

Eaton ton, 

Madison, 

Athens^ 



•is 


is 


25 


180 


11 


191 


20 


211 


23 


234 



No. 15. 
-From Milledgeville to Petersburg, 



Sparta, w'] 




22 


Povvellton, [x] 


\b 


37 


Washington^ [y\ 


22 


59 


Petersburg, \z\ 


24 


83 



No. 16. 

i^rom Milledgeville to Carnesville and Mul- 

linsford. 



Little River, 


_ 


_ 




9 


Eatonton, [a] 


. 


- 


11 


20 


Madison, 


• 


- 


20 


40 


Athens, [b] 


- 


- 


23 


63 


Carnesville, 


- 


- 


34 


97 


MuUinsford, 


- 


- 


20 


117 



No. 17. 

From Milledgeville to Huntsville, Alabama, 

by Madison, 



Madison, as in last No. 
Huntsville, as in No. 11, 



1238 



40 
278 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 363 



[r] Millerigeville, post-town, Bahiwin co., Georgia", and the 
seat of" the state governinent, on the Oconee, 300 miles by the 
river from t!ie sea; 87 W. by S. Augusta, 160 VVi\W. Savati- 
iiah, 170 NW. Darien, W. 6?5. Lat. 32. 56. N. Pop. in 1810, 
1.256 ; in 1820, 2.069. It has an elevated and pleasant siiua- 
livin, within the limits of the upland country, near the bor'lers 
of the alluvia] regionj and it;? vicinity is fertile and populous. 
It contains an elegant state house of 3 stories, a stnte aisena], 
find a large penitentuiry, all of brick; an acadeiuy, and two 
houses of public worship, I for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists. 
Two newspapers are published here. It was founded in l8u6. 
[if] Sparta, post-town and cap. Hancock co. Georgia ; 25 
KE. Miliedgeville, 64 SVV. Augusta, W. 653. Pop. in 1810, 
314. It is a nourishing town, and contains a court house, a 
jail, a Methodist meeting house, and 2 respectable academies, 
1 for nialesand the other for fentales. The surrounding coun- 
try is fertile and populous. 

[x] Powellton, post-town, Hancock co. Georgia ; l5 N. 
Sparta, W. 662. It contains a flourishing academy, and two 
meeting houses, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. 

[_^] Washington, post-town, and cap. Wilkes co. Georgia, 
on Kettle creek, a branch of Little river; 5o WNW. Augusta, 
58 N. by W Louisville, 65 NE. by E. rviilledgsvilis, W. 64-5r 
Lat. 33. 34. N. Fop. 695. It is situated on a high, healthy, 
and fertile plain, 23 nnles distant from the nearest navigable 
vrater. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court house, a 
jail, a bank, an academy, a masonic hall, all of brick, a Me- 
thodist meeting house, and a printing office. The houses are 
chiefly of wood. 

[s] Petersburg, post-town, Elbert co., Georgia, on the Sa- 
vannah, 53 in. above Augusta, W. 644. Pop. in 1810, 332. 
It is a pleasant and flourishing town. 

[a] Eatonton, post-town and cap. Putnam co. Georgia ; 20 
NW. Milledgeviile, W. 689. Pop. in 1810, 180. It is a plea- 
sant town, and contains a court house, a jail, and an aeademy. 
[6 1 Athens, post-town, Clarke co., Georjiia, on the Oconee; 
.7 N. Watkinsville, 94 WJVW. Augusta, 19? NW. Savannah, 
W. 667. Lat. 35. 15. N. Pop. in 1810, 273 It has a very ele- 
vated, pleasant, and healthy situation. A weekly newspaper 
is published here. 

Franklin College, which together with the incorporated ac- 
ademies of the state, is styled the University of Georgia, was 
incorporated and established at this place in 1784, but did not 
go into operation till 1803 The buildings consist of one col- 
lege edifice of brick, 3 stories high, calculated to accommodate 
lOO students, 2 chapels, one of brick, the other of wood, a 
president's and a steward's house of wood. The library con- 
tains about 2,000 vols. The philosophical apparatus cobt 



364 



STATE ROADS. 



GEORGIA — Continued, 



No. 18. 
From Milledgeville to BelVs Ferry, on Oco- 



nee River, 



TOWNS, &C. 


32 
45 




Irwinton, [c] - 
Dublin, [d] 
Bell's Ferry, 


19 
61 
96 



No. 19. 

From /St. Maryh [e] /o Milledgeville, by the 
New Boad, 



Colerain, 


. 




23 


Cyprus Pond, 


- 


36 


59 


L. St. Ilia River, 


. 


25 


84 


Altaniaha River, [/] - 


- 


42 


126 


Hartford, 


- 


46 


172 


Marion, [g] 


- 


29 


201 


Milledgeville, 


- 


30 


231 



No. 20. 
From Louisville to Athens, by Sparta, 



Georgetown, 


- 


_ 




27 


Sparta, 


- 


* 


15 


42 


Green sboro\ 


« 


- 


26 


68 


Athens, 


., 


- 


33 


101 



DE&CnirTIOK OF TOWNS, &;G. SCtli 

^ , J— ,■ ■ - — ' • - - ~ r ' 

^4-,000. The funds consist of 100,000 clols. in bank stock, to- 
gether with some lands. In 182l, a hill passed the assembly of 
Georgia, appropriating $ 25,000 for the erection of a new 
college edifice, and a permanent annual endowment of s^8,000 
for the support of the institution. 

The college is under the direction of 15 trustees; and of a. 
senatus academicus, composed of the trustees and the governor 
and senate of the state. The executive government is entrusted 
to a president ; 3 professors, 1 of languages, 1 of chemistry, and 
1 of niathematics and natural philosophy , and 1 tutor. Ths 
number of students in 1821, was 99. Conr.mencement is held 
on the 3d Wednesday in June. There are two vacations ; ono 
in the summer of 3 weeks; the other in the winter, of 8 weeks. 

Connected with the college there is an academj'- or free gram- 
mar school, wnich had, in 1821, 80 students. 

[c] Irwinton, post-town, Wilkinson co. Georgia ; 18 S. by 
\V. Milledgeville, W. 699. it contains a court house, a jail, 
and a Methodist meetujg house. 

\c!} Dublin, post-town and cap. Laurens co. Georgia, on SW, 
branch of the Ocf>nee ; 45 S. Milleilgeville, W. 720. Pop. 165. 
It contains a court house and a jail. 

[ej St. Mary's, post-town and s-p. Camden co. Georgia, at 
the rrtouth of St. iVIary's river: 131 SSW. Savnnnah, W. 790. 
Lou. 81. 43. W. Lat. 30. 43. i\. Pop. in 1810, 585. This 
was a place, of considerable trade during the late war, but has 
since declined. The s'lipping owned here, in 1816, amounted 
to 948 tons. 

[/] Aiatamaha, or Altamaha, navigable river, Georgia, 
fornied by the junction ol the. Oaknuilgee and Oconee; the for- 
mar of which rises in the Cherokee mountains. After the junc- 
tion, the Alalamaha becomes a large r.[ver, flowing with a gentle 
t:urrenl through forests and plains upwards of 100 miles, and 
ruoG into St. Simond'S sound by severfii mouths, 60 S,\V. Sa- 
vannah, it is navig.'ible to IMilledgevilJe on the Oconee branch 
fir boats of 30 totis, 30O mil-^s ftoni the Onean. The bar at 
the mouth has 14 feet at low water. Its length to its source is 
about 500 niiles. 

[g] iMarion, post-town, and cap. Twiiigs co Georgia ; 35 
SW. Milled-eville, W. 710. Fop. 193. It coulaii;? n court 
fcouse and a jail. 



4n* 



366 



bTATE ROADS 



GEORGIA — Concluded* 




No. 21. 
From Darien to St. Simori^s 


[h]Ug 


'ht'House. 


TOWNS, &:c. 


Mi 
II 


it 

SJ 


Butler's by Water, 
Light House, 


_ 


12 


14 

26 


FLORIDA. 


[^] 





No. L 

From St. Augustine to St. Marks, and thence 
to Pensacola; by Water. 



Picolato Fort, 




40 


Cross St. Johns River, to Poppa, 


1 


41 


St Francisco, 


40 


81 


Cross Suwaney R. to St. Piedro, 


22 


103 


St. Matheo, 


11 


1j4 


Ivitachua, 


33 


147 


Cross St. Marks River, to Fort 






St. Marks, 


10 


157 


Apalachia Bay, 


10 


167 


Outlet of Appahichicola River, 


40 


207 


Cape St. Bias, 


30 


237 


West end of St. Rose Island, - 


120 


357 


Pensacola, 


10 


367 



DESCRIPTION (OF TOWNS, &;C. 367 

[h] St. Simon's, fertile island, on the coast of Georgia, at 
the mouth of the Altamaha ; 15 m, long, and 4 broad. Chief 
town, Fiederica. The northern part is separated from the main 
island by a small creek, and is called Little St Simon's. Be- 
tween Little St. Simon's and Egg island, the southern branch 
of the Altamaha communicates with the ocean. The island is 
separated from the main land by a navigable river, which 
conmiunjcates with the Altamaha, and flows into St. Simon's 
sound. 

[i] Florida is in length from N. to S. about 400 m. — average 
breadth, about 140. Square miles, 45,000. Its principal towns 
are Pensarola, St. Augustine, New-Smyrna, and St. Marks. — 
The rivers of most note, are, St John's, Appalachicola, Indian 
River, Suwaney, and Conecuh. 

The river St. Jnhn has a course of upwards of 200 miles.— 
The great swamp Ouaquephenogavv, lies on the north side, part- 
ly in Florida, and partly in Georgia. Its circuit is 300 miles. 
The so'l is various, but generally light and sandy ; the best 
is called Hammock land,t\om the ciicu;-stance of its being found 
in mounts or small tufts, among the pines : these are remote 
from the sea. Florida produces all kinds of trees and fruits pe- 
euliar to tropical regions. Peaches, giapes, and figs, grow wild 
in the loreels. St. John's river, and some of the Lakes, are 
bortieved witli orange groves. During the summer, the heat is 
excessive ; but from the end of September to the end of June, it 
is, according to Voluey, the "finest climate in the world.'* 
There are in the territory 35 Indian settlements, and about 5,000 
Indians. A district of country is selected by government for the 
purpose of concentrating the Indian population. From a survey 
lately made of the Indian reservation, the following particulars 
are taken : "The whole district of country around Charlotte's 
river and bay, present to the eye orly flat pine barrens, and 
parched pailmetto plains, intersected by grassy ponds, and in- 
undated savannahs, many ot these exhibiting strong indications 
of having but recently emerged from the ocean, and exposed to 
occasional revisitations The ridges of the Alachua extend in 
a SE. direction to 40 or 50 msles south of the sources of Ocle- 
waha river. Similar ridges of nearly equal elevation are found 
near the North HiU^^boiough, Amaxura, and Tallachopeo rivers. 
This last river rises in a large lake, about 45 miles east of 
the bay of Sauld Spirili, and discharges into Charlotte's har- 
bour at the same point with Charlotte's river. The whole coun- 
try from the Santa Fo to the S. end of the Big Hammock, near 
the Chicuchatty village, presents elevated undulating pine lands, 
interspersed or spotted with hammocks of greater or less mag- 
:;itude of light and more durable soils, diversified with pine 
flats, and iniersected with grassy and clear water ponds." 



mt 



STATE ROADS. 



FLORIDA — Continued. 



No. 2. 
From St. Marks [i] to Milledgeville^ Georgia. 



Towivs, &:c. 



Okelockoniie River 

Georgia State Line, - 

Limestone BlufF, on Flint River, 

Barnard's Path, 

Cross Altamaha R. to Plartford, 

Marion, 

MlLLEDGEVILLE, 

"*— - 



II- 






9<?> 


14 


36 


38 


74 


5Q 


130 


40 


170 


35 j 


205 


OO 1 


240 



No. 3. 



From St. Augustine 


[j] to 


Cape Caneveral 


Mantanza River, 


- 


_ 




25 


Tomakow do. 


- 


- 


22 


47 


New Smyrna, 


- 


- 


5 


52 


Musqneto Inlet, 


- 


- 


25 


77 


Cape Caneveral, 


- 




55 


]32 



No. 4. 
From St. Augustine to Lake Georsre. 



Picolata, [A"] 
Rollston, 
L. George, 



30 
40 



40 

70 

110 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, kc, 369 

Pensacola, the chief town in W.Florida, has a pleasant si- 
tuation on a sandy plain, elevated 18 or 20 feet above the level 
of the sea, onlhe W. side of Pensacola bay. The town was 
in a state of decay when it came into the possession of the U. 
States, since which it has become flourishing. The harbour is 
capacious and safe from all winds, and the only commodious 
one, belonging to the United Stales in the Gulf of Mexico. 
The climate is uncommonly salubrious. Pop. in 1822, 1,600. 

[i] St. JVIarks, seaport town, East Florida, on fet. Mark's 
river, near its entrance into Apalachia bay, 180 W. St. Au- 
gustine Lon. 84. 36. W. Lat. 30. 10. N. 

[j] St. Augustine, city and sea-port East Florida, on a bay 
of the Atlantic, 2 miles within the bar, opposite to the inlet, 
north of St. Anastatia island ; about 30 S. of the mouth of St. 
John's river, 180 E. St. Mark's, 80 S. St. Mary's, 310 SSW. 
Charleston, W. 880. Lon. 81. 40. W. Lat. 29. 45. N. The 
town is built on a peninsula, is of an oblong form, consisting 
of 4 principal streets, which intersect each other at right angles. 
It has a pleasant situation, with the advantage of refreshing 
sea breezes, and the fragrance of orange groves, and, previous- 
ly to 1821, has been accounted remarkably healthy. It has a 
good port, but the bar at its entrance is not nassable for vessels 
lir2.«Mig «nore than 8 feet of water. The houses, about 500 in 
number, are built of stone formed by the concretion of shells, 
and obtained from the island of St. Anastatia near the town. 
It is defended by a strong fort, which is built of this stone, and 
which presents a most formidable appearance on entering the 
harbour. It is 20 feet bigh, with walls 12 feet thick, and 
mounting 36 guns. The Catholic church is an old Gothic 
building. The city has a decayed appearance, many of the 
houses being in a state of dilapidation. The situation of the 
country in the vicinity, is low, but well adapted to the cultiva- 
tion of vegetables and fruits of a southern climate. This town 
was burnt hy Sir Francis Drake in 1586 ; by captain Davis, 
with the Buccaniers, in 1685 ; besieged and burnt by the En- 
glish in 1702 ; unsuccessfully attacked by the English under 
general Oglethorpe in 1744; in 1821, Feb. 22, a treaty was 
signed by which Florida was ceded to the United States. A 
few years befcre the cession to the United States, the population 
of St. Augustine was estimated at 5,000. In 1821, it was vis- 
ited with distressing sickness by the yellow fever : the popula- 
tion m August, 1821, was estimated at 2,500; in December, 
at only 1,500 or 1,600 A newspaper is published here. 

[k] Picolata, fortress. East Florida, on the river St. John ; 
27 NW. St. Augustine, 



370 



STATE ROADS, 



FLORIDA — Continued. 



No. 5. 

From St. Augustine to Suwaney River Outlet. 


TOWNS, &c. 


Is 

-ra 


4, C « 

m 

■ U = 60 

Q o _= 


Picolata, 

Outlet of Suwaney River, 


100 


40 
140 



No. 6, 
From ^S^. TfeTarA.-^ to Fort Gadsden. 


Ockelockony River, - 
Fort Gadsden, 


28 


20 
48 


No. 7. 
From Pensacola to Fort Gadsden. 


Choctaw River, 
Fort Gadsden, 


85 


70 
155 


No. 8. 
From Pensacola to Milledgeville, by 
Mitchell. 


Fort 



Conecuh River, [/] 
Alabama State Line, 
Fort Mitchell, [w] 
Milledgeville, 



30 
140 
117 



12 

42 
182 
299 



No. 9. 
From Pensacola to Mobile, Alabama. 



Perdido River, [rt\ 

Blakelj, [o] 

Mobile, by water, [p] - 


30 
13 


15 

45 

58 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &:C. 371 

[ZJ Conecuh river, which rises in Alabama, and runs through 
West Florida into Pensacola bay. It is navigable upwards of 
100 miles. 

[m] Fort Mitchell, Georgia, Creek Indians ; 223 S. Milledge- 
ville, W. 799. 

[n] Perdido, r. which runs S. separating West Florida fiom 
Alabama, and flows into the Gulf of Mexico, 12 W. Pensacola, 
and 32 E. Mobile Point, ft forms a considerable bay at its 
mouth. This river is considered the pastern boundary of Lou- 
isiana, as ceded by France to the United States, 

[o] Blakely, post-town and capital Baldwin county, Alaba- 
ma, on fhe Tensaw, or east channel of the Mobile ; 6 N. \Io- 
bilebay, 10 ENE. Mobile, W. 1100. Lat. 30 43 N. This 
town was laid out in 1813, by Josiah Blakely, Esq. The streets 
are laid out 99 feet wide, crossing each other at right angles, 
running N. and S., E. and W. The site occupies a mile square, 
and is elevated and pleasant. The harbour is convenient and 
secure. Vessels drawing 12 feet water can enter the port at 
full tide, and those that draw 16 feet, can approach within 12 
miles. The town is abundantly supplied with excellent water, 
and is expected to become a place of commercial importance, 
a newspaper is published here. 

[p] Mobile, city, port of entry, and cap. Mobile co. Alaba- 
ma, on W. side of the river of the same name, at its entrance 
into Mobile bay ; 30 N. Mobile Point, which is on E. side of 
the mouth of the bay, 55 W. by N. Pensacola, 10 W. by S, 
Blakely, 90 by land, and 120 by water S. St. Stephens, 150 8. 
by W. Cahawba, 160 ENE, New Orleans, W. 1,086. Lon. 88. 
21. W. Lat. 30. 40 N. Pop. in 1822, estimated at 2,800 
It contains a court house, a jail, a bank, 2 printing offices, i 
houses of public worship, one Protestant, the other Catholic; 
6 wharfs, 110 stores and ware houses, and 240 dwelling-houses 
The buildings are generally of wood, and those recently erect 
ed, are mostly of 2 stories. The site is on a beautiful and 
extensive plain, elevated about 15 feet above the level of high 
tides, and open to refreshing breezes from the bay, of which 
it commands a handsome prospect. The streets are generally 
of good width, and most of them intersect each other at right 
angles. The approach to the harbour, for vessels drawing 
more than 8 feet of water, is circuitous and difficult. Within 
a low grassy island, which lies opposite to the town, there is a 
good shelter for vessels. 

Mobile was first settled about 1700. It was taken posses- 
sion of by the U. S. in 1813, at which time it contained about 
100 houses, r ostly mean decaying wooden buildings of one 
story. It was incorporated as a city in 1819, and has become 
a place of flourishing commerce. During the year ending Sept, 
30, 1821, 25,390 bales of cotton were shipped from this port. 



372 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SlC, 

The number of clearances, in 1818, was 274, and of entrances, 
including barges and keel boats, 360. The value of importa- 
tions was estimated at upwards of 5^3,000,000. The shipping 
belonging to this district, in 1818, amounted to 2,216 tons. 



Koads West of the Alleghany Mountains^ 
commencing with those in the State of 
Ohio. 



374 



STATE ROADS, 



Roads vjestofthe Alleghany Mountains^ com- 
mencing loith those in the State of Ohio, 



No. 1. I 

From Cincrnnata to Detroit. I 



JNo. 3. 

From Cincinnati toPerrysburg, 



TOWNS, fcc. 



Headiri[r ..•.. 

Lebanon. •. 

Dayfnn^ [a] 

Staunton 

Cross Miami River to 

Troy|/;] 

Piq^a [f] » 

Fort Loraoie ........ 

Fort St. Mary,..^... 

Fort Amanda.* 

Fort Jennings.... ... 

Fort Brown.. .....^. 

Fori Defiance. ..t.... 

Cross Maumee River 

to Wolf Rapids [rfj 
Ferry sburg and Fort 

Meigs 

Line of Miciiigan T. 

Munroe 

Cross River Raisin to 

-Huron Rjver 

Brownstovvn 

.Rouge River......... 

Petroit 



i %\ 



"lo' 

35: 

61 
851 

114' 
126 
140 
158 
18i)| 
196 

228 

234 

246 

2(14 

279 
28 
29 
300 



Reading.. ,...., 
Lebanon........ 

Xenia, \e] 

Yellow Springs, 
Urbanna, [o-J.. 
Solomonstown,.. 
Fort MacArthur 
Foil Necessity..- 
Fort Fiulay, .., 
Fort Portage... 
Pf. rrysbnr g, [A] 
No. 



No. 2. 
From Cincinnati to Rhicaso. 



Mari'^, 



Fort St. 
above. 
Cross St. Mary's river 
Fort Wayne.... 
Kankakoe River 
Head of Lake Michi- 



ga" 



126 
153 

188 

268 

31 

338/ 



TOW^NS, &C. 



[/].. 



25 
25 
10 
21 
30 
20 
13 
20 
29 
181 



"To 

35 

60 

70 

91 

121 

HI 

154 

174 

203 

221 



4. 



From Cincinnati lo Fort 
CO very. 



Re- 



Hamilton 

Fa ton 

F^ort Jefferson. 
Fort Recovery, 





21 


25 


46 


21 


67 


31 


98 



No. 5. 

From Cincinnati to Centrevi/lej 

Ind. 



Crosby...... 

[ndiana State Line. 

Brookville„, 

Centreville 





17 


9 


26 


12 


38 


28 


66 



No. 6. 
From Cincinnati to Colnmhiis. 



Heading 

Lebanon 

Xenia 

London 

f>eer Creek... 
Darby Creek. 
Franldinto7i, . 
Columbus... 



10 

35 

60 

90 

94 

102 

114 

115 



DESCRir^riON OT TOWNS, &€. 



[a\ Is situated on level ground, upon the eastern bank of the 
Great Miami River, just below the confluence of that and Mud 
Kivers. it is a flourishing town, the seat of justice for Mont- 
gomery county, and contains an academy, 2 places of worship, 
upwards of 20 offices and mercantile stores, of various kinds, 
and above 100 dwelling houses ; besides which, are numerous 
mills in the vicinity, particularly on Mud River, which js excel- 
lently calculated for machinery of every kind, necessary to be 
propelled by water. Distance from Columbus, 66 miles. 

[b] The seat of justice for Miami county, Ohio, on west 
bank of the Great Miami, which river rises in the Indian lands, 
NW. of Champaign county, interlocking in its course, with the 
head waters of the Sciota. It runs in a soutlj-westerly direc- 
tion, above 100 miles across the north-western part of Cham- 
paign, and through Miami, Montgomery, Butler, and Hamilton 
counties, into the Ohio River, exactly in the south-western cor- 
ner Of the State, by a mouth 200 yards wide. The river is bor- 
dered by some of the best arable lands in the State, but is not 
of easy navigation on account of the rapidity of its current, — 
It is, however, navigated to a limited extent, 75 miles, and some 
of its waters approach so near those of the Anglaize, a branch 
of the Maumee, that a communication is effected by a portage 
of 6 miles. 

[cj A post-town in Miami county, Ohio, principally noted as 
being the place of residence of one of the Indran Agents, and fui: 
several minor treaties here held with the original natives. 

[d] A consitlerable river, rising in the north-eastern part of 
the State of Indiana, and flowing north-easlwaidly across the 
north-western borders of the State of Ohio, enters the western 
extremity of Lake Erie. It is from 150 to 200 yards wide, and 
navigable 33 miles from the mouth, where commences a course 
of shoals and rapids, extending 15 miles, to within 18 miles of. 
the Lake. 

[e] Capital of Green county, Ohio, on Shawnee Creek, 3 
miles from the Little Miami, and 55 south-westwardly from Co- 
lumbus, containing an academy, a courthouse, 2 houses of wor- 
ship, 11 stores, and 600 inhabitants. 

[/] Situated in Green county, near the source of the Little 
Miami, are considered a curiosity, and are said to possess strong 
medicinal qualities. Here is a post-ofiice. 

[g] A flourishing town, and capital of Champaign county, 
Ohio, situated in a fertile and fast improving district of country. 
It contains the county buildings, a churcii, a bank, a printing- 
office, a market house, 9 mercantile stores, 120 houses, princi- 
pally of wood, and 600 inhabitants. 

[/t] A town recently laid out at the lower rapids of Maumee 
river, on its SE. bank, 140 NW. from Columbus. It is named 
in honour of Captain Perry, who won his celebrated victory a 
^boit, distance fsom the raouth of the Maumee. 



3TQ' 



STATE ROADS. 



o H I o — Coniiniied, 



No. 7-. 
From Marietta lo Zanesinlle. 


No. 13. 
From Portsmouth to Columbus^ 




3 t. 

|| 

16 
24 


14 
54 


and thence to Sandusky B. 


Tow^'s, &c. 


1 Chillicothe 


19 
25 
25 
40 
31 
9 
11 


45 


'Circleville 

Columbus, [oj. 


64 

89 

114 


Cioss Muskingum Ri- 
ver, [j] 


jUpper Sandusky 


154 
185 
194 
205 


Meigs Creek,,.. .,.,i. 


Lower Samlusky 

jSandusky Bay 


ZantsHlk.t ..,., 


No. ?u 
From Mnrielta to Gallipolu. 


No. 14. 
From Columbus to the Mouth of 


Hockhocking R. [fcj.. 

Projection of the Ohio 

Rivef 


20 
19 


25 

45 


Huron River. 


Berkshire... .......... 


24 
18 
25 
25 
11 


23 




47 


Mansfield 


65 




ly, ^^ 




90 
115 


No. 9. 
From Marietta to ChiUicoihe. 


Avery.............. . 


iMouth of Huron R.. 


126 


Athens, [/] 


4G 
4 


38 
84 

80 


1 No. 15. 


!6ciota River 


,From Columbus to Greenville. 








20 






26 
34 
25 




No. 10. 
From Steubenville [m] to Ma- 
rietta. 


46 


Troy 

iGreenville 


80 
105 


St. ClairsviUe, jn]... 
Sunfish Creek 


25 
24 
10 


26 
51 
73 
85 


j No. 16. 
From Zanesvdle to Cleveland. 


Duck Creek 


j Coshocton. 

Salem ............. 


17 

19 

24 
18 
42 


30 

47 




Ne w Phdadelph ia.... 




No. 11; 

From Sleube7iviHe to Salem, on 

Coneought River. 


66 
90 




108 




150 


Yellow Creek «,..,.. • 


15 
16 31 
24 55 
31 86 






I No. 17. 


Poland 


[From Gallipolis to Chilhcothe. 






28 


30 


SSalem 


30 116 


jChillicothe 


58 


No. 12. 
From StmhenviUe to Woosler. 


No. 18. 
From Gallipolis to Portsmoutk. 


i>anfiv Creek 


|44 
42 1 86 


Svmmpc''; T'rppk .... 1 1 A 


^Vooster 


Portsmoulh 


33! 47 



DESCRIPTION Of TOWNS, fcC. ^^377 

[J] Muskingum is the largest river in Ohio, running its whole 
distance in the State. It rises in the southern borders of the 
Connecticut Western Reserve, and flowing in a very winding, 
but generally south-westwardly direction, falls into the Ohio 
river at Marietta, by a mouth 250 yards wide. It is navigable 
for large batteaux, 100 miles, according to the various windings 
of the river, and 45 miles farther into a small lake, with boats, 
from whence with one mile portage, a water communication is 
effected through Cuyahoga river, into Lake Erre. 

[k] Hockhocking river, Ohio, rises in the central parts of 
Fairfield county, and flowing in a south-eastern direction, 80 
miles, enters the Ohio river at Troy, 25 miles below Marietta. 
Its width does not exceed 50 yards, but from its depth in pro- 
portion to the quantity of water, it is one of the best streams' 
for boat navigation in the country. Near its source is a very 
romantic cascade in the stream, the water falling over a stratum 
of rock, of above 40 feet perpendicular height. 

[/] The seat of justice for Athens county. It is situated on a 
peninsula, formed by a large southerly bend of the Hockhocking 
river, which beautifully winds about the town, ft has an elevat- 
ed healthy situation, commanding an extentive prospect of the 
surrounding country. The Ohio University was incorporated 
in 1801, but is not yet in full operation. Pesrdes the college 
bo-ildings, the town contains a court-house and about 5o dwel- 
ling houses. 

[wij A flourishing town on the west^ern bank of the Ohio ri- 
ver, and seat of justice for Jefferson county, ft is regularly 
laid out, was incorporated in 1805, and contained in 1820, 
2,539 inhabitants. It is remarkable for a number of mills and 
manufactories, the machinery of which is put in operation by 
the power of steam. Besides which, there are 3 churches, aa 
academy, 2 banks, a market house, 30 mercantile stores, a print- 
ing-office, and had, in 1817, 453 houses ; 38 miles WSVV. from 
Pittsburg, and 150 E. by N. from Columbus. 

[n] The seat of justice for Pelmont county, Ohio, having an 
elevated position on the great road, leading from Wheel'no-, 
Va. to the interior of the State; 11 miles W. from Wheeling, 
70 E. Zanesville, and 130 in the same direction from Columbus. 
It is pleasant and flourishing, situated in a country hilly, but 
fertile in grain, and contains the county buildings, 3 churciics, a 
bank, 2 printing-offices, 15 stores, and 641 inhabitants. 

[o] Columbus, the capital of the State of Ohio, was laid out 
in 1812, the native timber then standing. In 1817, it contain* 
ed a handsome state-house, 75 by 50 feet, a building for the 
{jublic offices, on a line with it, 120 by 25, a bank, a peniten- 
tiary, a market-house, 2 printing-offices, 200 dwelling-houses, 
aiid 1400 inhabitants. It has a fine elevated situation, on the 
E. bank of Sciota^ just below the confluejnce of the Whetstone 



378* 



STATE RO\DS. 



KENTUCKY 



No. 1. 
From Frankfort [/>] to Cincin- 
nati^ Ohio. 



TOWNS, &:c. 



iVelbons... 
Arnolds ... 

Gaines 

CincjiiMati. 



16 1\ 



No. 2. 
From Frankfort to Augusta. 



Georgetown. 
Cynlhianna. 
Augusta \q\. 



No; 3. 

From Frankfort to Casei/rille. 



No. 7. 
From Lcocinglon to Preston- 
burg. 



Winchester.*.. 
Mount Steilini; 
Indian Valley. 
Burning Sprint 
Prestonbwg.. . 



18 
30 
57 
92 
112 



No. 8, 
From Lexington to Port Wil- 
liam 



Eagle Creek 

Re-cross f^aj^le Cretk 
Port William 



Lawreucebui 
Harrodsburg. 
Perryville... 
Caseyvdlle,.., 



No. 4. 
From Frankfort to Hopkinsville 



Hardinsville.... 
Bloomfield...,. 
Elizabethtovvn. 

Lichfield 

Moigantovvn... 

Russelville 

Hopkinsviile. . 





9 


28 


37 


35 


72 


27 


99 


28 


127 


28 


155 


33 


188 



No. 5. 
From Lexington to Auousla. 



Licking Kiver, South 

Fork, [r] 

Marysvilie 

Augusta 



No. 6. 
From Paris to Cincinnati. 



Kalniouth ..... 
Newport, [s].., 
Cincinnati 



26 
46 

ei 



No. 9. 
From Louisville \t^ toCincinnati 



Middletown 

Newcagtli'.... 

Big Lick 

iGains 

(Newport 

Cincinnati 



38 

59 

86. 

101 

102 



No. 10. 

From Louisville to Cumberland 

Gap, by Danville. 



Beech Fork 

Dajirille, ,■"'/] 

Cumberland Gap. \i 



93 



29 

52 

145 



No. 11. 

From Louisville to 



RussehUk. 



Salt river... . 

Lichfield 

Morgantown. 
Russelville,., 



21 
69 

99 
129 



No 12. 
From Louisville to 



|Hairodsburg , 

Nfwmaiket 

Cross Green River, 

Horsewell. 

Tennessee State Li 
Gainsborough...... 

Sparta... ,,.<,. 



Sparta, T. 



14 
47 
71 
92 



29 121 
22 143 
28! 171. 



DESCRIPTION or TaWNS, &LC, *379 

n ■ ' ■ ■ ^ ^ 

river, in the centre of Franklin county, and within 20 miles of 
the centre (if the state ; 115 miles north-easlwardly from Cin?- 
cinnat', and 90 from the mouth of Sciota river. 

[■p\ Metropolis of Kentucky, in Franklin county, on Kentucky- 
liver, 60 miles above its confluence with the Ohio. Its situation 
is on an alluvial plain, 200 feet lower than the ground in its 
rear. The river which is here 100 yards wide, forms a hand- 
some curve, and waters the southern and western parts of th& 
town. 

The situation, which was formerly unhealthy, has been nruch 
improved by draining. The state house is built of rough mar- 
ble, 86 by 54 ; besides which, there are a court-house, a market 
house, a state bank, an academy, 2 churches, and 3 printing- 
offices ; there are, also, several rope-walks, and other manufac- 
tories. Large brigs have been built here aud sent to New Or- 
leans. Population, 1,679. 

[q] A pleasant town, ai^d capital of Bracken county, Kerv- 
tucky, 60 miles NE, from Lexington. It contaiirs the county 
buildings, an academy, and church. 

f r] Rises in Licking county, Ohio, and running E. enters the 
Muskingum, opposite Z'anesville. Near its mouth are falls 
which afford many excellent mill seats. 

[5] Capital of Campbell county, Kentucky, opposite Cincin* 
nati, just above the entrance of the Licking river. It has a beau- 
tiful situation, on an elevated plain, commanding a fine pros- 
pect, and contains the county buildings, a bank, an academy., 
a market-house, and a United States' arsenal, 

[t] Louisville, capital of Jefferson county, Kentucky, is situ- 
ated on the Ohio, at the head of the Rapids, 122 miles below 
Cincinnati. Ls site is on an eminence, 70 leet above the shores 
of the river, towards which it gradually descends to a narrow 
pin in along its banks. It is the second town in the State, and 
contiins 2 banks, one of which is a branch of the United States' 
bank, an academy, 2 printing-oflices, various other public build- 
ings, and extensive rope-walks and manufactories. Population 
4,012. 

[u] Capital of Mercer county, Kentucky^ a flourishing towir, 
C'^ntainingiheco'inTy buildings, a bank, a printing otlice, a church, 
and in 1817, 200 houses. There are also several valuable mills 
and manufactories. It is situated in a fertile and populous 
country, and intended to be the seat of a college, a charter for 
which has been granted by the Legislatnre. 

^,[t'] A pass through the Cumberland Mountains, in CJairborne 
county, Tennessee, 130 miles S. of Lexington. The Cumber- 
land Mountains commence in SW. part of Pennsylvania, and 
in Virginia takes the name of Laurel Mountains, and passing 
through the SE. part of Kentucky, teiminate in Tennessee, SO- 
ir^iles SE. N-ashville. 



380^ 



STATE ROAD&. 



TENNESSEE. 



No. 1. 

From JSTashvil/e to Si. 
Stfcifnbocifi 


Louis; by 


Cross Tennessee river 

to Forked Deer River 

Big Hatchet River.... 

Wolf River 


67 
20 
32 
22 
1 
35 
65 
12 


14JJ 
163 
195 




Memphis 

Cross Mississippi R... 
St. Francis River, [a] 

White River, [b] 

■/Arkansas 


21 T 

218 

253 
318 
330 


TOWNS, &C. 


w '7' 

la 


it 

33 

50 

74 

124 

185 
327 


Mouth of Haipeth R 


17 

24 
50 

61 
142 


Little Rock, [c] 


1601 490 


Clarksville [y]....r... 
Dover.. .....••*>>.^*<< 


No. 5. 
From Nashville to Ntlchez. 


Ohio River 

Junction of the Ohio 
& Mississippi rivers 


Forked Deer River, as 
above 

Mississippi St. Line. 
Head of Yazoo River 

Upper Creek 

Choctaw Agency |rf].. 
Natchez.. 


30 

20 

120 

105 

110 


143 
173 






193 


No. 2. 

From Kashvill". to St. Louis, by 

Smithland. 


313 

418 

528 


Clarksville 




40 
85 
109 
125 
142 
175 
232 
264 
302 




Eddyville 


45 
24 
16 
17 
33 
■57 
32 
38 


No. 6. 


^ mit hlnnfi. ........... 


From Nashville to Lexington, 


Fort Massac 


Kentucky. 


Wilkinsonville 

Cape Gerardeau 

St. Genevieve^ {z\»».. 


Bowling Green....... 


31 
39 
53 
33 


65 

96 




135 


Sulphur Springs 

St. Louis 


Danville...... ........ 


188 


Lexington 


2?l 


No. 3. 

From j^ashvilk to Si. Louis, by 

Shawneetown. 


No. 7. 

From Nashville to LouisviUe, 

Kentucky. 




30 
33 
23 
25 

28 
136 


28 

58 

91 

114 

139 

167 
203 


T? ii<5sp1 villfi. ..••••••.. 


Horsewell, as in Ken- 
tucky, No. 12 


1 




30 
31 
21 


9CI 


Madisonville 

Harpshead ,., ► 

Cross Ohio river to 


128 


Salt River 


159 




IftO 






Shavvneetown 

St. Louis 


No. 8. 
From Nashville to Henderson, 


No, 4. 


Kentucky. 


From Nashville to Little Rock, 
./Arkansas. 


Clarksville ... 

Hopkinsville 


33 
32 

38 


40 
73 




1 31 

451 76 




105 


Heynoldsburg,. ....... 


Henderfon, [ff]. ....... 


14^ 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, kc* *38l 

<'t .r .+■ . ■ 

\y] Capital of Montgomery county, Tennessee, on N. bank 
of the Cumberland, 60 miles NW. from Nashville. It contains 
a court-house, a jail, and in its vicinity there is an academy. 

[z] St. Genevieve is situated on the W. bank of the Missis- 
sippi, 120 miles above the mouth of the Ohio, and 60 milea^ be- 
low St. Louis. The town lies a mile from the landing, at 
the rnouth of the Gabbarie, and on ground which is handsome- 
ly elevated. It was originally settled by the French from Kas- 
kaskia, and although a considerable part of the inhabitants are 
now Americans, the French character s-till predominates. This 
is one of the principal lead markets ; formerly all the lead made 
at the mines, was shipped from this place. It contains a Roman 
Catholic chapel, a court-house, and about 300 houses. A branch 
of the Missouri bank is here established. 

[a] This river rises in the mining district. Missouri, and run- 
ning a southerly course, 500 miles with its windings, and about 
half that distance in a direct line, enters the Mississippi, 107 
miles above Arkansas. It is navigable 250 miles, and flows 
through various kinds and qualities of land, some excellent, 
mixed with some that i? rocky, and much that is swampy, low, 
and overflown. 

[b] White river originates among the Pawnee Mountains, 
near the 97 degree of VV. longitude, and about the 36th of N. 
latitude, and after running a very serpentine course for 1300 
miles, enters the Mississippi, 50 miles abov« the mouth of the 
Arkansas, and 700 above New-Orleans. Its wateis are beau- 
tifully clear and transparent.* 

[c] Little Rock, the seat of Government for Arkansas Terri- 
tory, is situated in the county of Pulaski, on the S. bank of the 
Arkansas, about 150 miles from its mouth by land, and 300 by 
water. The most important town in the Territory, containing 
the offices of government, a land-office, a printing-office, and 
several trading houses. Its site is on a bluff, on which is a rock, 
the first that is seen in ascending the river: the place on this 
account has obtained its name. 

[d] The Choctaw Agency, in the Choctaw country, Mi. 4 
miles W. Pearl river. There is also a mission established 
among the Choctaw lu'-ians at Elliot, on a branch of the Ya- 
zoo, and another on a branch of the Tombigbee. This nation, 
estimated to be in number 20 or 25,000, reside between the 
Mississippi and the Tombigbee, and appear to be susceptible of 
improvement in the arts of civilized life. 

[e] Capital of Henderson county, Kentucky,, on the Ohio, a 
small town, containing a court-house and a bank. Its trade 
consists principally in tobacco. 

* For a more particular account of this river, see Schools 
craft's "View of the Lead Mines of Missouri," from which se- 
veral extracts are taken. 



182* 



STATE ROADS. 



TENNESSEE — Continued, 



No. 9. 
F'l'oni J^IiiTfrcBuborou^h, to 


Tip-,,} 


Monticello 

Columbia ............ 


33 
34 
17 
37 
18 
22 


89 

123 


noldshurg. 


Cireensburg, [/i] 

3aidstownj[i],.J..,.. 

Shepherdsville 

LiOuisviile. •«••.•••... 


140 


TOWNS. Sic. 


<- tr 
,t - 

a. Tw 

34 
40 


si 

27 
61 


177 
195 

917 










No 14 


Franklin, [/] 

Vernon... ....• 

Reynoldsbiirg 


From Knoxville to Cumberland 
Gap. 


No. 10. 

From Murfreeshoro"* to Hunts - 

ville, Alabama. 


Rutledge....... 

Cumberland Gap.... 


27 


60 


No. 15. 


Shelbyville 


22 
30 


30 

52 
82 


Fro7n Knoxville to Lexington^ 
Kejitucky. 


Fayetteville 


Huntsville 


ir . ^r i:...^T" t 






as in No. 13 

Cumberland river [/].. 

Maple Swamp 

Lancaster, [k] 

Kentucky River 


30 

27 
20 

20 




No. 11. 

From Murfreesborough to Car- 

thage. 


56 

86 

113 


IjBbcinon.. .....•...•.• 


24 
24( 48 


133 




147 




167 


No. 12. 
From Murfreesborough to Wash- 
ington. 




No. 16. 
From Florence to the Mouth of 
Tennessee River ; by Steam- 
boat. 


RlcVlinville 


35 
30 


33 

68 




Washington i. »..».... 


viouth of Bear Creek 
T-^nnesseeSt. Line,,[/T 

Doe River 

Duck River .... 

Reynoldsburg 

Big Sandy River, bn].. 
Ohio River 


15 

36 
54 
12 
32 
42 


21 








No. 13. 

From Knoxville to LouisvUk, 
Kentucky. 


75L 
129 
141 




34 


22 
56 


17 i 


Kentucky State Lme. 


215 



ALABAMA. 







15 


63 


20 


88 


45 


133 


25 


158 ' 


53 


211 







No. 1. 
From Mobile [n] to New Orleans 
by Green Court-House, Mis- 
sissippi. 



Mississippi Stave Line 
Chickasavvhay., I 10! 



Green Court House.. 

Black Creek. 

Fordsville 

VVasiiington C House 
New-Orleans ........ 



m 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <fcc. *383 



[/] One of the largest and most flourishing towns in Tennes- 
see, situated on the Harpeth, 17 miles SSW. from Nashville. 
It is the seat of justice for Williamson county. Here are a court 
house, a bank, and a printing-office, from which is issued a week- 
ly newspaper.— Population in 1818, 1,500. 

[g~, The capital of Smith county, Tennessee, on the Cumber- 
lanr) River, 50 miles E. from Nashville. It contains the county 
buildings, an academy, a printing-office, 2 churches, and up- 
wards of 400 inhabitants. 

Ih] Capital of Greene county, Kentucky, on Greene river, 70 
miles W. from Lexington. Besides the county buildings, there 
are in this town, a church, an academy, and 2 manufactories, 
1 for cotton and 1 for woollen. In its vicinity, a mine of Man- 
ganese has been lately discovered. 

[i] A flourishing town, containing a court-house, jail, bank, 
market-house, and church. It is the capital of Nelson county, 
Kentucky, situated on Beech Foik River, sometimes called 
Bairdstown. 

Ij] Cumberland river takes its rise in the Cumberland moun- 
tains, Virginia, and running through Kentucky and Tennessee, 
enters the Ohio 60 miles from the Mississippi. It is navigated 
with large vessels nearly 200 miles to Nash\ille. and for boats 
of 15 tons, 300 miles further. At some seasons, vessels of 400 
tons may descend from the distance of 400 miles to the Ohio. 

[k] Capital o( Garrard county, Kentucky, 32 miles S. from 
Lexington, a small town, of 260 inhabitants, in which, besides 
the county build ngs, is a bank. 

[/] The State of Tennessee extends through ten degrees of 
west longitude. The eastern part abounds in mountains, dis- 
tinguisijed by numerous appellations. Among these, the Cum- 
berland Mountain, or Great Laurel Ridge, is the most remark- 
able in this region. The soil is poor, except in the fertile val- 
lies encircling the mountaiiis, which are from 5 to 15 miles 
wide. 

Here the climate is generally healthy and temperate. The 
central part of the State is hilly, but contains large quantities 
of excellent land ; the climate resembles that of Kentucky. In 
the western part, bordering on the Mississippi, there is a black 
rich soil; on some of the low bottoms the climate is unhealthy. 

Tiiere are a variety of minerals and mineral springs in the 
State. The principal rivers, the Cumberland and Tennessee, 
have beeii already described, 

[m] Rises in the Laurel Ridge, and pursuing a NNW. course, 
separates Virginia from Kentucky, for nearly 200 miles, and 
enters the Oliio, 4 miles above the Sciota. It is navigable about 
50 miles with batteaux. 

[wi Mobile city, is situated on a beautiful elevated plain, 15 
C^ti above ihe level of high tides, on VV. side of Alabama river, 



•384* 



STATE ROADS. 



ALABAMA — Continued, 



No. 2. 

From Mobile to JVeiv-Orleans . 

by TVater. 



TOWNS, &C. 



.ake 






3.0 a 



50 



Mobile Point..., 

Cat Inland 

Entrance into 

Pontchartrain I 30 

Through the Pass ...j 15 

Fort St. John 24 

New-Orleans, by land! 3 



30 

80 

110 
125 

149 
152 



No. 3. 
From Mobile to Ktwxville, Ten 



Blakely, [oj 

Montpelier 

.Escambia.... 

Fort Bibb 

Portland 

CahawbA, 

Selma, [p] 

Shelbyville 

St. Clair C. House.., 

Knoxville, as in S. W, 

Route 



31 

50 

86 

111 

126 
138 
178 
219 



No. 4. 
From Mobile to Naichej^. 



House, 
Aiab... 



Green C. 
No. 1, 

•Black ('reek 

Fords 

BogiieChilto River., 

Liberty 

•Ilomochitto River..., 

Washington , 

Nnichez 



68 

88 

130 



30 160 



197 
215 

239 

245 



i\ o. 5. 
From Mobile to Hu7ilsville, 
Cahavba. 



by 



Shelbyville, as in No.3! 178 

Old Court House., 

Hailbyville 

Meadville.o , 

Huntsville. . , . . . , • 



8 


186 


21 


207 


18 


225 


33 


264 



No. 6. 

Fro7n Mobile to Htintsville, by 

St. Stephens. 



Dumfries... 

St. Stephens 

CiO?s Tomberkhee R. 
to Coffeeville 

Marengotovvn 

Deniopolis. ........... 

Erie 

Tuscaloosa, [q] or 
Falls of Black War- 
rior 

Elyton 

Hanbyville 

Huntsville, as above 



3y 

61 

88 
118 
1.33 
144 



197 

284 
266 
323 



No. 7. 
From Mobile to Xashville^ Ten. 



Deniopolis, as in last 
No.... 

Columbus. 

Nashville, as in SW. 
Route 



133 
213 

400 



No. 8. 

From Mobile to Montgomery ^ by 

Steamboat. 



Florida, or J'on Btod- 

dart.. ^. 

Fort Montgomery.... 

Claiborne 

Prairie Bluff. 

Oahawba 

Selma 

Montgomery.... 



30 
41 
8G 
149 
191 
201 
258 



No. 9. 
From Mobile to Tuscaloosa 

Steambncrf. 



by 



Entrance ol Touibeck- 
bee River 

Dumfries 

St. Sle/ihens 

Coffeeville., 

Long Hill Bluff 

Tuscaloosa River.... 

Tuscaloosa, or Falls 
of Black Warrior.. 



10 
30 

33' 
18 

46 

82 



45 1 

75 
108 
126 
172 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &IC, *385 

It is the capital of Mobile county, in the state of Alabama, 30 
miles N. of Mobile Point, S5 W. by N. from Pensacola, and 
150 S. by W. from Cahawba. 

Mobile was first settled about 1700, and taken possession of 
by the United States in 1813, at which time there were 140 
whites, exclusive of those employed in the garrison. In I8l8, 
it was estimated to contain 2,800 white inhabitants, 240 dwell- 
ing houses, 1!0 stores and warehouses, a court-housp, a bank, 
2 churches, and 2 printing-offices. In 1818, the value of im- 
portations was estimated at ^3,000,000, consisting principally 
of cotton, of which article, during the year ending eptembef 
30, 1821, 25,390 bales were shipped from this port. It was in- 
corporated as a city, in 1819, since which, it has rapidly in- 
creased in population and wealth. 

[o] Capital of Baldwin county, Alabama, on the Tensaw, or 
East Channel of the Mobile, 6 miles N. of Mobile Bay, and 10 
ENE. from Mobile. It was laid out in 1813, on a pleasant ele- 
vated site, a mile square, the streets 99 feet wiHe, cross each 
other at right angles. The harbour is safe and convenient for 
vessels drawing 12 feet of water ; those that draw 16 teet, can 
approach only within 12 miles of the port. Blakely is expected 
to become a place of considerable commercial importance: si- 
tuated near the head of a capacious bay, which receives the wa- 
ters of two large rivers, and their tributaries, it will, with Mo- 
bile, naturally be a depot for the produce of a great extent of 
country, 

ip] In Dallas county, Alabama, on the W bank of the Ala- 
bama river, which has here an almost perpendicular height of 
30 feet. It is 10 miles NE. from Cahawba, and contains a 
church, an academy, and 10 trading houses. 

[qi Capital of Tuscaloosa county, at the falls of the river of 
the same name. It was first settled in 1816 ; in 1821, it con- 
tained 700 inhabitants, 2 churches, and a priniing-oifice. The 
Tuscaloosa takes its rise a iew miles S. of the Tennessee river. 
It is the principal eastern branch of the Tomhigbee, which it 
joins 80 miles above St. Stephens. It is navigable 60 or 70 miles 
to the falls. Tusqaloosa is the Choctaw Indian name for Black 
iVarrior. 



386' 



STATE ROADS. 



ALABAMA — Continued, 



No. 10. 

From Mobile to Milledgeville^ 

Georgia. 



Blakely, by Water. 
Escambia River... 



38 



Murder Creek 

Milledgeville, as in 
South Western 
Route 



54 

224 



105 

32!) 



MISSISSIPPI. 



No. 1. 

From Xatchtz to J^ntchitoches, 

by Alexandria. 



TOWNS, &C. 



Black River 

Bayou Saline... 

Cross Red River to 

Alexandria 

Gill^rds 

Bayou Pierre......... 

Old Red River 

J^atchitoch es 



38 
71 

92 
117 
133 
146 
158 



No. 2. 
Frotn JYatchez to St. Stephens. 



Franklin 

Homochitto River.... 
Bogue Chitto River... 

Monticello 

Cross Pearl river to 

Leaf Uiver 

Covington C. H 

Winchestev 

St. Stephens 





24 


16 


40 


21 


61 


24 


85 


23 


108 


12 


120 


53 


173 



40' 213 



No. 3. 
From JVatchez to Fords. 





24 
18 
10 
43 
15 


6 
30 

48 


Homochitto River.... 




58 


Waterholes .*.•.....• 


101 


Fords , 


116 


No. 4. 
From Pascagoula to the Old In- 
dian Agency, 


Black Creek 

Green C. House...... 


27 
40 
30 


30 

57 
97 


Old Agency 


127 


No. 5. 

From Norton'' s to the Mouth of 

Arkansas River. 



Big Black River 

Yellow Creek 

Mississippi River 

Mouth of Arkansas 
River.... 



29 

62 

13G 

1.37 



No. 6. 
From Shieldsboro^ to Fords, 



Bolla Chiito Creek... 
Fords ., 36 



30 
66 



LOUISIANA, 



No. 1. 

From J\fcw-Orleans to St. Louis, 

by Aatchez Sc tfie Hot Springs 



JVIadisonville ( | 30| 

Tangipao River...';,, | 47 | 77 



Loiii»»«na 6t. Line [r]l 

Liberty 

Homochitto ..v.. 

Washijvgtojj 

batches | 



94 
114 
132 
156 

162 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. *387 

[r] Is here, in latitude 31 N. running from Pearl R. on the E. 
to Mississippi on the W. which from this point forms the eastern 
boundary of the State, to 33 N. The Gulf of Mexico is the 
southern boundary, and the Sabine River, the western from its 
mouth, to 32 N.; thence the boundary line proceeds due N. to 
latitude 33; thence due E. to the Mississippi, having Arkansas 
■^I'erritory on theN. Louisiana was admitted into the Union in 
1812-1 New Orleans is the capital and only large town in the 
State. 

A district of country on the S., 250 miles in length, and from 
70 to 140 wide, extending from Lake Borgne to Sabine river, 
and from the Gulf of Mexico to Baton Rouge and Red river, 
is an alluvial tract nf low Champaign land, intersected by nu- 
merous rivers, bays, creeks, and lakes, dividing the country into 
a great number of islands. A large extent of country in this 
state, is annually overflovi^n — estimated by Mr. Darby, at 2,770 
square miles. The southern half of the St-ite is highly produc- 
tive in cotton, sugar, rice, corn, and indigo. The south-western 
part, comprising the districts of Opelousas and Attackapas, con- 
sists mostly of extensive prairies. The northern part presents 
an undulating surface, covered with a heavy growth of tim- 
ber. 

The climate in the southern parts of the State, is hot, 'sultry, 
and unhealthy ; in the northern, temperate and salubrious. — ■ 
The annual profits, resulting from the labour of 50 hands, em- 
ployed in cultivating these three articles in Louisiana, has been 
calculated to be as follows : sugar, gl2,000, rice, g'^j^OO, cot- 
ton, $9,000. 



388^ 



STATE ROADS. 



Loui siANA — Continued. 



TOWNS, &C. 



Cross Mississippi Ri- 
ver to Concordia... 

Tensaw River.... 

Washilta River 

Prairie de Cote 

Prairie de Lait 

iVIuiiroe, or Fort Miro 

Bayou D'Arbane 

Little Missouri River, 
Fnurclie au Cado.... 

Hot Uprrngs 

Lit lie Kock 

J.itile Red River 

Lawrence 

]\1issouri Slate Line.. 

St. Michaels [s] 

Potosi Lead Mine [/],.. 
Merrimack River, [u 
Re-cross Merrimack 
St. Louis 



c « 

1 
17 
18 
20 
10 
36 
14 
120 
19 
29 
28 
70 
50 
60 
50 
70 
16 
30 
20 



o 



163 

180 
198 
218 
228 
264 
278 
398 
417 
446 
474 
544 
594 
654 
704 
774 
790 
820 
840 



No. 2. 
From J'J'ew Orleans to St. Lou- 
is, by Jllexandna and thi 
Hot S})ri7igs. 



]>oiial(lsvilIe 

Canal to Lake Veret.. 

Lake Veret 

Over Lake Veret 

Lake Palourde, West 
End 

Atcliafalaya River.... 

Franklin, or St. Ma- 
ry's Courtiiouse.... 

Sorrel 

iNew Iberia to Atla 
kapas 

Bayou Fousilier 

OpcloLisas 

Pine Prairie 

Bayou Boeuf ........ 



20 



22 



i!9 
109 
IIG 
119 

141 

148 

172 

189 

208 
2:^7 
270 
300 
324 



Alexandria 

Cross Red River to 

Bayou Flaggon.... 

Big Creek 

Little Creek 

Bushly Cre^k 

Ocatahoola 

Bayou Calumet 

Prairie de Lait 

Munroe 

Hot Springs, as in last 

JNo 

St. Louis as in last No, 



45 361* 



11 

6 
3 
30 
8 
16 
14 
36 

182 
398 



380 

386 
389 
419 
427 
443 
457 
493 

675 
1073 



No. 3. 
From JVeiP'Orleans to St LoU' 
is by Natchitoches and Hot 
Springs. 



Pine Prairie, as in last 
No 

Bayou Crocodile.. ... 

B. Cypriere Mort 

Terre Blanche 

Bayou Conchatta.... 

Natchitoches [v] 

Cross Red River to 
Campte 

Tullins Vauclierie.... 

White Oak Creek.... 

Little Missouri River, 

Fouche auCado...... 

Wasliitta River 

Hot Springs, [w] 

St. Louis, as in Lou- 
isiana, No. 1 



9 

32 
12 
15 
16 

11 

26 
132 
12 
20 
24 
9 

398 



300 
309 
341 
353 
368 
384 

395 
421 
553 
565 
5Su 
609 
618 

1016 



No. 4. 
From JVew-Orleans to JVatchi- 
t aches and Millars Court 
House, near the Great Bend 
of Red River. 



Natchitoches, as in 

last No 

Prudhornme.. 

Sotos, 

Bertrauds.. .......... 



384 
413 
427 
437 



DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &;c. *389 

[s] St. Michael is situated on a plain on Village Creek, which 
falls into the River St. B'rancis a mile below. It is an old French 
village, of about 50 houses, including several stores and a post- 
oflSce, and lies in the richest farming district in Madison 
county, Missouri. The seat of justice for the county, has late- 
ly been fixed on rising grounds, about 600 yards S. of the vil- . 
lage, and a town laid out there, called Frederickloivn. 

[t] Potosi, and Mine a Burton, form one connected village, 
which may altogether consist of 80 buildings, including a court 
house, jail, and academy. Potosi lies on a handsome eminence, 
a little N. of the principal mines, and separated only from Mine 
a Burton, by the Mine Creek. This village is pleasantly situ- 
ated in the centre of the Mining District, and surrounded, also, 
by several fine bodies of land. It is built in a better style than 
the villages in the country generally, has a neat and thriving ap- 
pearance, and contains several handsome edifices. It is 65 miles 
distant from St. Louis, and 45 from St. Genevieve. 

[w] A large navigable stream rises near the head waters of^' 
the Gasconade, in the range of hills in the interior of the State 
of Missouri, and running a devious course, empties into the 
Mississippi, 18 miles below St Louis. The town of Merri- 
mack was laid off on the banks of this stream in 1817, 30 miles 
W. of St. Louis. 

[D] Or, Makitosh, is the capital of Natchitoches county Lou- 
isiana, on SW. bank of Red river, about 200 miles above its 
junction with the Mississippi, and 200 m. ina right line, N W. New 
Orleans. It is the largest town in Louisiana, W. of the Mis- 
sissippi. About two-thirds of the inhabitants are Americans, 
and the remainder French. It contains a Roman (ilatholic 
chiAfth, a jail, and a United States' factory. A few miles above 
the town, on Red river, is the seat of the Indian Agency. Pop. 
in 1318, upwards of 600. 

Iw] These springs are 6itu?<ted on a stream callinl Hot Sprin* 
Creek, which falls into the Washitta river, 8 miles below.—. 
They lie 50 miles S. of the Arkansas river, in Clark coiintv, 
Arkansas Territory. The approach to the springs lies up the 
valley of the Creek, and on coining near them, the traveller is 
presented with one of the most picturesque views of nnmre. — 
On the right hand rises the Hot Mountain, with springs issuii.g 
at its foot. On the left, the Cold Mountain, which is little more 
than a confused and mighty pile of stones. The view in frone 
is terminated by a high point of land which makes down gradu- 
ally into the valley, and separates the creek into two forks of 
nearly equal size. The Hot Mountain is about 300 feet high, 
risini? quite steep ; the springs are very numerous all along tlje 
hill side, and tlie water which runs in copious streams, is quite hot. 
reckoned about 200" of Fahrenheit. The water looks extreme- 
ly clear, pure, and beautiful, and is said to prove efficacious in 



390* 



State roads. 



LOUISIANA — Continued. 



TOWNS, &C. 


li 
11 


III 

5^ 


No. 7. 
From, St. Francisville to Fords, 




Thompson's Creek ... . 

Amite River... 

Spillers 


21 
10 
18 
28 
10 
14 


4 


vThief Creek 


9 

27 
16 
24 
60 


446 
473 
489 
513 
573 


23 




35 


Coshatta Village 

Arkansas Ter, Line.. 
Millar's C. House.... 


Tangipao River 

St. Tammany C. H... 
Mineral Spring........ 


53 

81 

91 

105 


No. 5. 

From Kew-Orleans to J^ashville, 

by the Choctaw Agency. 






No. 8. 

From JVatchitoches to J^acogo- 

doches. 


Madisonville .. 


'^nl 


Covington. . .......... 


6 
19 
39 

28 
57 


36 

55 

94 

122 

179 


Devenport's Claim... 

Sabine River.... 

Enter Spanish Posses- 
sions to J^aco^odo- 
dies. ',:i;i.... ....••.. 


9 


30 


St. Tammany 

Holmesville 


39 


Monticello, 




Choctaw Agency 

Nashville, as in S. W. 
Route.... 


40i 79 






335 514 


No. 9. 
From Fort Miro to Arkansas. 


No. 6. 

From Madisonville to St. Fran- 

cisrille. 


Bayou Bartholomew.. 
Arkansas Ter. Line.. 


25 
90 


20 

45 

135 






Tangipao River 

Springfield 


8 
9 

10 
10 

27 


21 
29 
38 
48 
58 
85 


No. 10. 
From Opelousas [?/] to Carcasui 
Lake. • 


St. Helena's C. House 


Spillers. •...••....... 


Bayou Canne 

Carcasui Prairie 

Carcasui Lake 


30 

24 


28 


Amite River... 


58 


St. Francisville 


82 


. 






f„ 




n^ 



ARKANSAS AND MISSOURI. 



I 

No. \. I 

From Lawrence, Arkansas^ to\ 
the Gieat Osage Fillage. 



Cfoss White River... 
Re-cioss White River 

IVig North Fork 

Jle-cross White River 
Great Osage Villages 

r-]^-..» .». 



70 
55 

210 



40 
110 
16 

375 



No. 2. 

From Little Rock, Arkansas, to 

the Great Osage Village. 



Cherokee Settlem t [a] 
Great Osage Village.. 



I 80 

200| 2S0 



No. 3. 
From St. Louis, Missouri, to 
(he sources of the Mississippi 
River ; by Water. 



Illinois River, [b], ... 

Salt River 

Hurticaoe Settlement, 



30 
133 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &:C. *S9i 

all chronic complaints. They are destined to become a place 
of great resort — the BalUton of the South. — [Schoolcraft.] 

[x] A smaJl town, consisting of a few houses, in Texas, Mex- 
ico. It has a fine healthy situation, supplied with excellent 
water. Here are, also, a small fort and a Roman Catholic 
church. 

[3/J Capital of Opelousas county, Louisiana, about 60 miles 
W. Baton Rouge, and 220 WJ\W. New Orleans, a place of 
little consequence, containing the county buildings, an academy, 
a Roman Catholic church, and about 25 dwelling-houses. 

[s] The Great Osages, are about 4,000 in number — the Little, 
2,000. They live in separate settlements in the Missouri Teiri- 
tory, on the Osage river, near 200 miles ab<*ve its junction with 
the Missouii. About 150 miles SW. of these settlements, on 
the waters of the Arkansas, are the Osages of Arkansas, up- 
wards of 2,000 in number. The principal village consists of 
145 dwellings, compactly built, each containing from 10 to 15 
persons. The average height of the men is above six feet. The 
situation of the village is in the centre of a vast prairie. A 
missionary station was formed here in 1820. 

[a] This settlement emigrated to the Arkansas Territory se- 
veral years since, and settled in a fertile tract of country, on 
both sides of the Arkansas liver, 4 or 500 miles from its mouth. 
Their number is estimated at 6,000. Here is also a Missionary 
establishment 

\b] Is formed by the Theakiki and Plein, in the NW. part of 
Indiana, in latitude 41 48 N. It passes into Illinois, pursues, 
generally, a south-westerly direction, and flows into the Missis- 
sippi, 21 miles above the Missouri, by a mouth upwards of 400 
yards wide. It is about 400 miles long from its junction to the 
Mississippi, and is of easy navigation, 



392^ 



STATE ROADS. 



ARKANSAS AND MISSOURI — Continued. 



TOWNS, &^C. 



Riviere des Moines... 
United States' Agni- 

cultural Eslablish- 

ment 

Sac Villaofe & Prairie 
Largest Sac Village.. 

Rock River 

Lead Mines 

Turkey River 

Ousconsin River 

Unper loway River... 
Lake Pepin.......... 

Falls St. Anthony, \cl 
Dickson's Winter Gr. 
Pike's Block House... 
River de Corbeau.... 

Pine River 

First Settlement of N. 

W. Company... 
Second.. ..Do.. Do... 

Third Do. .Do. 

Falls of Pakagama... 
Lake Winnepeck, \d].. 
Upper Cedar Lake, Sz 

Settlement of NVV. 

Company 



64 



16 

40 

100 

a 

127 

23 

68 

40 

121 

102 

122 

71 

64 

72 

20 
81 
40 
15 
45 



15 



233 



249 

289 

389 

390 

51 

542 

610 

650 

771 

873 

995 

1066 

1130 

1202 

1222 
1303 
1343 

1358 
1403 



141! 



No. 4. 

From St. Louis to Fori Clark, 
on the Illinois river ; bi/ ivater. 



Mouth of Afissor;i... 

Month of Illinois 

Evelius 

AppleCreek 

RobiRon's Trading hse 

McKee's Creek 

Hens' Tradinf{ House 
near mouth of Crook- 
ed Creek 

Moreau's Trading H 

Otter Creek 

Constant tradi'2: house 

Fort Clark 



20 
45 
70 
94 
106 
128 



152 

176 

18' 

20 

246 



No. 5. 
From St. Louis to Chicago. 



Fort Clark, as in last 

No U] 

Lake Illinois 

Crow Meadow River 
Bureau River........ 

Fox River 

Kankakee River 

Mount Julien 

Portage Point 

Cross the Land to Chi- 
cago River......... 

Chicago, [f] 



245 
254 
277 
306 
327 
359 
371 
395 

400 
407 



No. 6. 
From St. Ijouis to Vandalia, 
Illinois, and thence to Chi' 
cago. 



Marine Settlement.... 

Greenville 

^andalia 

Chicago, direct 





25 


22 


47 


18 


65 


230 


295 



No. 7. 
From St. Louis to the Great 
Osage Village, by Osage R. 



fit. Charles, [g] 




19 


Mouth of Osage River 






by Missouri River.. 


112 


131 


Yanger River 


190 


321 


W boundary of Mis- 






souri, [A] 


25 


346 


Bulls Horn River 


150 


406 


Great Osage Villaae.. 


100 


590 



No. 8. 
From St. Louis to New- Orleans 
by Nashville, Tenn. 



Fords 

Prairie du Rocher.. 

Kaskaskia, 

Beaucoup 

Big Bay 

Old Ferry 

Centre viile . 

!'opkin8ville.... .. 

Yashville ... ^ ..... . 





20 


25 


45 


15 


60 


36 


9Q 


72 


168 


20 


188 


24 


212 


46 


258 


64 


322 



Franklin. I 18 3-10 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, «fec. *393 

[f J In the Mississippi, Long. 93 40 W. Lat 44 15 N. The 
river is 627 yards broad above the falls, and immediately below, 
it is contracted within a channel of 209 yards. An island di- 
vides the falls into two parts. The perpendicular height of the 
cataract, is 16^ feet, besides 58 feet more of a rapid below, so 
that when viewed from a distance, it appears to be much higher 
than it is. When the river is high, the appearance of these falls is 
very sublime, as the spray then formed, reflects all the colours of 
the rainbow. The surrounding country is extremely beautiful, 
exhibiting many gentle ascents, with eminences covered with the 
finest verdure. The portage around the falls is 260 rods long. 

[d] AVinnepeck Lake, towards the sources of the Mississippi, 
the main branch of which passes through it; is in Lat. 48 10 N. 
and 145 miles above the falls of St. Atrthony. It is 14 miles 
long, and 9 wide, the water deep and transparent, and the shores 
low. Little Winnipee, 10 miles below, is 5 miles long, and 3 
broad. The tract of country containing the sources of the 
Mississippi, St. Lawrence, and Red rivers, and Lake Winnipeg, 
which lake is in about 50 degrees N. Lat , is wet and swampy, 
producing a remarkable vegetable called wild rice. It grows in 
water from 4 to 7 feet deep, and is gathered by the Indians in 
canoes 

[c] Fort Clark is on a delightful site for a town, in a tract 
of prairie country, at the south entrance of Lake Pioria, or 
Illinois, in Lat. 40 40 N. 

[/] Situated on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of Chicago 
Creek, in a beautiful and fertile country. It contains 12 or 15 
houses, and about 60 or 70 inhabitants. Fort Dearborn stands 
on the S. side of the creek; the garrison consists of about 160 
men. 

[g] The capital of St. Charles county, Missouri, and the 
temporary capital of the state, is situated on the N. bank of 
the Missouri, about 20 miles above its confluence with the Mis- 
sissippi, The site is elevated beyond the inundations of the 
river, Ijul the bank continually wearing away. It is built on 
a narrow space, between ihe river and a considerable blufif, 
which admits of but one street. The town of St. Charles was 
first founded by the French, in 1780. Since the cession of Lou- 
isiana, it has increased rapidly. Its advantageous and healthy 
situation has attracted the attention of emigrants from other 
States, and it now contains about 1,200 industrious and enter- 
prising inhabitants. 

[h] Situated betwen the 36th and 40th degrees of N. latitude. 
The Territory of Missouri enjoys a climate of remarkable se- 
renity, and temperate warmth. It is equally exempted from 
the hot summers of the South, and the cold winters of the North. 
No country surpasses the banks of the Missouri for the vigour 
of its crops, consisting of corn, wheat, rye, oats, flax, herop^ 



394* 



STATE ROADS. 



— fc- 



ARKANSAS AND MISSOURI CoUtinued. 



TOWNS, &C. 



Keg Spring 

Indian House......... 

G. Colbert's T 

Good Spring 

Factor's 

Jeffersons 

Underwoods 

llarkln or Long's 

Norton's 

Dinsmore's 

Hay's 

M'llaven's (Line).,.. 

Ureenville 

JValches , 

I^evv Orleans, as in 
Louisiana, No. 1... 



40 
31 
44 
17 
37 
20 
45 
50 
52 
34 
23 
26 
37 
24 

132 



Q(r- 



3{J0 
411 
455 
472 
509 
529 
574 
624 
676 
710 
733 
759 
796 
820 

952 



No. 9. 

From St. Louis to the Outlet of 
Columbia River ^ by the Kan 
sas and Multnomah Rivers. 



St. Charles 

Osage 

Franklin, [ i] 

Kansas River, [/] 

La Platte River L^]... 

Elkhorn River 

Pawnee Loup River.. 

Highest Peak of the 
Rocky Mountains.. 

Crossing Place, to the 
Head of Pike's route 

Cross Arkansas river, 
and enter the Span- 
ish Possessions [/].. 

Cross Coltier's River 
fo Branch of Rio 
del Norte 

Head of Rio del Norte 
Main Branch 

Rio de San Clemen- 
tina,..,..,. 



110 
60 
90 

2'25 
12 

100 

675 
130 

10 

15 

63 
62 



19 
129 
189 
279 
504 
516 
616 

1291 

1421 

1431 

1446 
1509 
1571. 



Highest Branch of 
Multnomah 

Cross 42d degree of N. 
Lat. and enter the 
United States' Ter. 

Passage through the 
Mountains 

Columbia River 

PACIFIC OCEAN.. 



417 

160 
136 
100 



1576 



1993 

2153 

2289 
3389 



No. 10. 
From St. Louis to the Outlet of 
Columbia River, by La Platte 
and Leicis''s Rivers. 



Highest Peak of the 






Rocky Mountains.. 




1291 


Head of La Platte R. 


230 


1521 


Head waters of Lew- 






is's River, S. Fork.. 


5 


1526 


Southernpass on Lew- 






is's River.......... 


75 

160 


1601 


Great Falls on do.,.. 


1761 


Junction of the N. & 






S. Forks of L 's R. 


180 


1941 


Mouth of Kooskoos- 






kee River.......... 


72 
130 


2013 


Columbia River 


2143 


Great Falls 


125 
55 


2268 


Rapids 


2323 


Multnomah, [m] 


58 


2381 


Outlet of Colum 






BIA, 


100 


2481 



No. 11. 
From St. Louis to the Outlet of 
Coluptbia R'iver, by the Ri- 
ver La Platte, and over land, 
between Lewis's and Multno- 
mah Rivers. 



Great Falls of Lewis's 
River, as above.... 

Overland to the Great 
Falls of Columbia 
River....... 


300 
213 


1761 
^061 


Pacific Ocean, as 
above.'/. 


2274 



DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. *395 

'-■'■-"' ' ■ ■ ■ ■- 

tobacco, sweet potatoes, clover, Timothy, and blue grass. The 
climate and soil are also adapted to the growth of various kinds 
Qf fruit trees. Some varieties of the grape are delicious. 

No country in the world affords such an extent of inland na- 
vigation by its streams, as the basin lying between the Allegha- 
ny and the Rocky Mountains, and whose congregated waters 
are carried to the ocean, by those stupendous natural canals, 
the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Ohio, and the Illinois. 

The Mississippi, itself, in whose current all these unite and 
are discharg,ed into the Mexican Gulf, washes the eastern boun- 
dary of Missouri Territory, from the mouth of Des Moines, to 
near that of St. Francis, a distance of more than 500 miles, 
and may be navigated 3,500 miles from the ocean. The Mis- 
souri, swelled by its great tributaries, the Yellow Stone, Little 
Missouri, White Stone, Sioux, La Platte, Kanzas, and Osage, 
pass diagonally, nearly through the centre of the state, afford- 
ing on both sides, a wide extended tract of soil, transcendantly 
rich, and bearing a luxuriant growth of forest trees and plants, 
interspersed with prairies. [Schoolcraft. 

- Population of Missouri, in 1820, was 66,586, consisting of 
people from various parts of the United States, and from Eu- 
rope, the greater part of whom have emigrated into the Terri- 
tory within the last 10 years. 

[i] A flourishing town, and the seat of justice for Howard 
county, Missouri, on the N. bank of Missouri river. 'J'his place 
has increased with a rapidity almost unexampled. It was laid 
out in 1816, and contained, in 1821, upwards of 1,800 inhabi- 
tants, and 500 houses, some of them handsomely built of brick. 
It is regularly laid out, the streets 82^ feet wide, with a public 
square of 2 acres, intended for public buildings, and situated in 
a district of country, healthy and fertile. 

[j] Kansas river rises in the Rocky Mountains, and after an 
easterly course of 1^200 miles, unites with the Missouri, 340 
miles from the Mississippi. It is 340 yards wide at its mouth. 

[/c] Or, Shoal River, rises also in the Rocky Mountains, and 
pursuing an easterly course of about 1,600 miles, enters the Mis- 
souri, 600 miles from the Mississippi. 

[I] Arkansas river lises in the Rocky Mountains, about Lat. 
42 JV. near the sources of the Del Norte, and near the borders 
of the Territory of the United States and Mexico. It forms a 
part of the boundary between the Missouri Territory and Mex- 
ico, flows through the central part of Arkansas Territory, and 
unites with the Mississippi, Lat. 33 40 N.; Its course is ESE. It 
is navigable for boats at some seasons, nearly 2,000 miles. Its 
channel is broad, and its navigation safe, unobstructed by rocks,, 
shoals, or rapids. 

[m] Or Wallaumut river, rises in the Rocky Mountains, and 
running a N W. course, enters the Columbia, 139 miles from its 
raouth. It is one of the largest branches of the Columbia, ver/ 
deep, and 500 yards wide near its mouth. 



396' 



STATE ROADS. 



ILLINOIS, INDIANA, & MICHIGAN. 



No. 1. 

From Shawneetown to Vandalia 
Illinois. 



No, 6. 

From CoRYDON to Brownstown 
Ind. 



TOWNS, &C. 



Knsmingen's. 
Cassaway's . 

Perry's 

Demint's 

Vaivdalia, 






14 
33 
46 
55 
105 



Salem 

Brownstown 



24 



29 
53 



No. 2. 
From Shawneetown to Jilhion II. 



Little VVabasli Hiver, 
Albion, , 



301 



No. 7. 

From Evansville to Vincennes^ 
and thence to Terrt Haute 
and Fort Harrison, Ind. 



Princeton., ,. 

Columbia 4 

White River 6 

Vincennes...., ........ 13 

Carlisle 18 

Miriam 12 

Terre Haute, j 30 

Fort Harrison | 3 



27 
31 
37 
50 
68 
80 
110 
113 



No. S. 

From Fort Mnssac to Kaskaskia 

and Ha rrisonvUle, Ilhnois. 

■ —21 



Vienna, 

Mudriy River 

Kaskaskia..... , 

Prairie du Rocber.... 

Fort Chartres 

St. Phillips 

HarrisonvUle, 



No 8. 

From Vincennes, Ind. to Ohio 

River , by Steamboat. 



91 
105 
108 
113 
125 



Palmyra 

Mount Carmel 

Mouth of Bonpas Cr. 

Har"m(iny, 

Little Wabash River, 
Ohio River 



22 
27 
51 
61 

105 



No. 4. 
From Kaskaskia, III. 
cennes, Ind. 



to Fin- 



iron, 



Carlyle Road, 

Shawneetown 

Carlyle Road to Vin- 
cennes...., 

Fitches.. 

McAulays 

Demii's Fox Rivej. .. 

Barney's. 

Bolli.;g's 

Vinctnnes 



No. 9. 

From Evansville to Hannoni/y 

Ind. and thence to .Albion, II. 



60 

85 

, 921 

20 112! 

521 124' 

12 136: 

8 144 

15! 159 



HARMON'K 


8 
12 


24 


Wabash River 

Albion. 


32 

44 







From Detroit, Mic. to Chica- 
go, III. and thence to Green 
Bay and Prairie des Chitns; 
by land and water. 

River Raisin. ...... 



j\ o. 5. 

From Kaskaskia to Edwards- 

villt, III. 



Bellville, , 

Edwardsville, I 21 1 



River St, Joseph 

Chic.aixo , 

Fort Brown 

By Fox River to the 

Portage 

Oiiscout-in River 



42 

63|jPrairie des Chiens 



105 

100 

82 

112 

2 

150 



40 
145 

245 

327 

439 
441 
591 



A'BVE^TIBmW^^MTB. 



WASHINGTON CITY, D. C. 

IN'DIAN QUEEN HOTEL, 

Vennsijlvania Avenue, 

Equal distance between the Cnpitol and the President's House; 
iesse Brown. Proprietor. 

50 Lodging Rooms, with Parlors &c. Extra. 
4 Stages for.Baltimoie, daily. 
1 Ditto for Annapolis, 3 times a week. 
1 Ditto for Fredericktown, 3 times a week. 
1 Ditto for Alexandria, daily. 
1 Steam Boat for Fredericksburg, Daily. 
I Ditto do. Norfolk once a week, 
C'.ty Hall, Theatre, Circus, and City Assembly Room, Post 
>fi'ice, Museum, all of which arc within two squares of the above 
•:st.abli£hment. 

REMARKS. 
Brown's Hotel is so well known and appreciated as one o 
the first establishments of the kind in the Union, and so much 
the resort of Gentlemen and families visiting Washington in 
session time, and all other seasons of the year, that farther 
commendations here, would be unnecessary. 

WASHINGTON HOTEL, 

Pennsylvania Avenue, 
A fsw doors west of the Mansion House. 
JOSHUA TEN NISON informs his friends and the citizens 
riiioughoui the Uiiioij who may resort to Washington, that he 
will be ha])py tc wait on theuy at the 

. WASHINGTON HOTEL, 
and will endeavour to rcr.d^r their stny with him satisfactory 
and agcpeable, arid as his bar and tabla will be supplied with 
the best tirticles, let it be tikeu for granteti, without going into 
partic6lar detail, that allinclndsd in a good boavdiDg hcubc or 
hotel will be found here. 

Charges will- be moderate as the times will possibjy admit. 
o2 



AD VERTI s EM KXTS — Washington City* 



WILLIAM GUNTON Druggist and .^pothccari/, Has coh- 
staiitly on hand, anri offers to dispuse of, on liberijl terms, wiiole- 
sak' niul retail, at his genuine Dji;g find Meciicai Stove, si^.^ ol' 
the Golden Head of Dr. Piiysick, corner of Ninth street and 
roniif^ylvania Avenue, Washington City. 

An extensive supply of Drugs and Medicines of every descrip- 
tion, uufi of nic^t excellent qjality. — Surgeons and Dentists.' 
Insti lunents — Saratoga and Ballston water. 

Various kinds of English, French, and N. Smith PrentissTs 
Fancy Soaps, and other Perfumery. 

Elegatit Tortoise-shell, Ivory and other combs, of every sort 
and size. 

Spectacles in gold, silver, shell and steal frames, goggles, ope- 
ra glasses, and several sorts of thermometers. 

Clothes, ilair, Hat, Shaving, Teeth, Nail, and Comb Brushes, 
'.X great variety. 

Penknives, Scissois, Razors, Razor Straps, Hones, Shaving 
looses, and Shaving Cases, and apparatus complete for travel- 
ing and fhe toilet. 

A very choice assortnnent of Carriage Gig Hunting and Switch 
Whips, ivory Hnd bone mounted, wire and other plait, and 
j)lain. 

Bamboo, P^naug, Orange and other Walking Canes, with and 
Avi'ihout swords. 

Reticules, Thread-cases, Pocket books, Wallets, Visiting and 
Flaying Cards, Silver Pencil cases, and various other Fancy 
arucles. 

Ho/se hair, silk, silk worm gut, and Chinese Iwist, Angling 
lines, on reels and single ; Cases of artificial flies, the best 
Limerick, and other Fish hooks. 

Paints, thy and ground, in oil ; Painters brushes ; Graining 
and sash tools; Horse and shoe brushes; Blacking, Oils, Var- 
ni.ihes, Dying Ingredient s, Sic. &c. &c. 

iO"' INledicines prescribed by Physicians, prepared with ih? 
utmost care and accuracy ; and at any hour of the night. 

WILLIAM WARD'S Wholesale and retail Dry (iood Store, 
A few doors west of Brown's Hotel, Pennbylvania Avenue, 
Washington City, where niay be constantly had a large assort- 
ment of British, French, India, and Domestic, Dry Goods ; 
including ail kinds of Fancy Goods. He also keeps, at al! 
limes, a large supply of Scotch, Ingrain, and Venetian Carpet- 
iiig, all of the best quality, and on the lowest terms. 

31(LITARY, JEWELRY, & FANCY WARE- 
HOUSE. 

. S. MAST, Sign of the Golden Watch & Spectacle, Pennsyl- 
vaiiiu Avenue, Washington City, has constantly on hand a large 



ADVERTISEMENTS — Washington City, 377 

. nr ■ . ■ • — —^ 

and elegant assortment of fancy goods, in the greatest possible 
variety, consisting of 

Gold and silver patent Lever, horizontal, duplex, repeating 
and plain watciies. 

Eight day clocks, mantle lime pieces, and ornaments a la grand 

Fine jewelry, composed of diamond breast pins, ear and 
fingei- rings, necklaces, bracelets, lockeis, medallions, ik.c. 

Chnrch and service plate on hand, of every patern, silver 
and plated. 

Diamond, ruby, emerald, turquois, (pearls strung or set,) and 
^11 otner precious stones, set to the newest fashion, plain or or- 
namental. 

S. Masi has in his establishrnent the best artists employed in 
the manufacture of either gold, silver, settiiig, or chas'd work, 
to compete with the first European style. 

Silver and steel spet tacles, coral beads, steel ornaments, per- 
fumery, &c. 

(Military) swords, dirks, epaulets, wings, aculettes, sashes, 
plumes, (osirah, vulture and common,) belts, gold and silver 
lace, cord solingen loils, k.c. &c. &c. 

Clocks and watches of every desc-iption repaired by Jacob 
Leonard, and all kinds of engraving, die sinking, seal cut- 
ting, chasing, Szc. kc. executed by R. G. Lanpiiier, su that 
this^'^tablishment possesses every facility to furnisl) goods of any- 
kind ur quality lo be found either in Europe or America, 

A. B. Countiy dealers will find ii to their advantage to call, 
as goods can be turnished at New York and Philadelphia prices. 



AUCTION MART, 

Weightman's Buildings, Penn. Avenue, Washington City. 

MOSES POOR, Auctioneer and General Commission Mer- 
ehant, holds two public sales a week ; and during the session 
of C'.ngiess, in addition, regular evening sales of dry goods 
and books 

Having extensive chambers, generally well filled with the 
most fashionable articles of household lurnilure, those who are 
furnishing their houses, as Well as those who have aitirles of 
this desfription to dispose of, will find it their interest to patron- 
ize tliis t stablishment. 

Sales of City Lots, the property of non-residents, attended 
to : and information relative to location, value, ^c. given, on 
applica'ion, by post. All letters asking iifforniaiion must come 
jiost paidf to ensure attention. 

Liberal advances on goods deposited for public sale. 



378 ADVERTISEMENTS — Washington City* 



Fashionable Millinery, Ladies Dress, Pelisse 4* Habit 
Store, on Pennsylvania Avenue, a few doors from the 
Mansion House, Washington City. 

Mrs. ELIZA DODD most respectfully invites the fashiona- 
ble Ladies from every part of the Union, who may resort to the 
American Capitol, to call at the above long established store, 
•where may be had as cheap as in N. York, Philadelphia, or any 
City in the Union, the latest London and Paris fashions, of the 
iirst style, in every department of Ladies ornamental dresses, 
in which utility, fashion and taste, are united. 

August, 1824. 

CHEAP TRAVELLING. 

The Steam-boat Potomac, Uriah Jenkins, master, will start 
from Washington every Wednesday afternoon, at 4 o'clock, 
and from Alexandria at 5 the same evening, for Norfolk. 

The Potomac will arrive at Norfolk on the evening of Thurs- 
day, and leave there the next morning, at 6 o'clock, for City 
point and Richmond. 

Ptelurniiig, the boat will leave Richmond at 6 o'clock on Sun- 
day morning, slopping for passengers at City Point, and arriv- 
ing at Nurfolk the same evening. Will leave Norfolk every 
Monday morning, at 9 o'clock, for Alexandria and Washington. 

dir Passengers will be taken on board the Potomac at any 
place where a flag is seen hoisted. 

Note.- — Tlie Potomac is otie of the largest, most comraodl- 
ouTBy aad elegant steamboat on the An>eiican waters. 



ADVERTISEMENTSv 379 



GEORGETOWN, D. C, 



COLUMBIAN INN. 

A'ear the corner of Bridge and High Streets y George^ 
town D. C. 

JOSEPH SEMMES, respectfully announces to his old frienda, 
to strangers, anH tra\elle.rs generally, that he still continues the 
above establishment, which is one of the most pleasant and cen- 
tral situations in Georgetown. 

His rooms are airy and pleasant, his conveniences and pre- 
parations, united with a wish to render genteel company agree- 
able, will no doubt ensure him a continuance of public favour. 

N B Hacks and carriages are ready at request to convef 
persons to any part of the District of Columbia. 

JAMES THOMAS, Book Seller, Stationer & Publisher, Cornet 
of Bridge (or main') and Congress Streets, Georgetown, D.C. 
Where books and puhlic-uions in every department of litera- 
ture may be obtained at the New York prices, and as low as 
in any city in the Union. The idea of any inequality betweeil 
the piices of books in the D'strict and the large cities of the 
no:th, v\ill be done away by calling as above. In connection 
with the book and stationary store, are fancy articles of various 
iinds. blank books and booK-binding. 
Juiy, 1824. 

WILLIAM NOYES, a few doors above the Union Bank, 
Ger.rge Town, manufactures and keeps const.uitly on hai\d, 
ladies, geullemeus, and childrens' shoes, of every description : 

Also, a complete assortment ol beaver, castor, and roram 
hats, of every pluipe and fashion. 

AIsoi a gener il assortm.ent of brushes, tortoise Fhell comb^ 
gloves, &LC. k.c. all disposed of on the nsost libera} terms. 



380 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



BALTIMORE, 



INDIAN QUEEN HOTEL, 
Corner of Hanover and Market Streets, Baltimore. 
By DAVID BARNUM, (late of the Exchange CofTee House, 
Boston,) the Indian Queen is the largest h"tel in Baltimore; 
besides its eligibility, arising fron. its spaciousness, central situ- 
ation, and the pleasantness o( this part of thp city it is furnished 
and supplied, in all r«:'spects whatever, suitable to its fame as 
a hotel, not surpassed in Aioorira. All the stages which leave 
Baltimore, lun to, and fioin. the Indian Queen, and a great 
portion of the s^team boat passengers resort here, which circnm- 
stanres, render travelling inforniation easy to be obtained. A 
porter is kept up, particularly for the accommodation of Gentle- 
men aniving during the night. 

FOUNTAIN INN, 

Light Street, a little South of Market Street, Baltimore. 

JOHN H. BARNEY, liaving (again; leased, and now oc- 
cupying, the above establishment, begs leave to inform the pub- 
lic, and his old friends and customers in particular, that it shall 
be his endeavour to give satisfaction to all ihose who may deem 
proper to favour him with their custom. 

The house has every acconimodation necessary for the tra- 
veller's comfort. Good beds, clean rooms 6cc. Private/am' 
Hits can have separate rooms. 

THE STAGE COACHES, 
for Washington, leave and airive every day ; and the mail 
stage Jor Annapoi.is, Mondnj/, Wednesday, and Friday, and 
return the following days — Also, a Post Coach for Ph iladel- 
PHiA, during the wiiilei, for llie express purpost of accommo- 
dating his customers, while the steam boats are delayed by the 
ice. 1824. 

GLOBE INN, 

By GEORGE BELTZHOOVER, Corner of Market and 
Howard streets. 

In fitting up this extensive establi>hment, no expense has been 
spared, in order to render it a geiteel hotel of the hightst re- 
spectability, with accommodations equal to those iound in any 
hotel, in any city of the Union, families and tiavelling Par- 
ties, can be accommodated with private parlours, as unmolested 
and retired as in their own hoii.-es. Tiiose disposed may leave 
their horses at the stables attached to the Globe ln» with the as- 



ADVERTISEMENTS — Baliwiore, 38 1 



burance of having 'the best attention paid to them, and at a 
nuxieratp chariie. 

N. B. — All Stages, leaving Baltimore, will take passengers 
from thfe Globe inn; where, also, niay be obtained carriages for 
any part of the country. June, 18r.i4. 

' WHEATFIELD INN, 

In Howard, a little North Mari.et Street, Baltimore; 
By /iSAHEL HUSSEY, whose long established house of 
geniyel entertainnjent, a'oe.v, and iAa//, continue to merit that 
liberal and increasing patioriage from western merchants and 
travellers, generally, which it has received for many years. 

TRAVELLERS GUIDE. 

THE UNITED STATES' MAIL and vigilance Coaches, 
or Washington, departs from the office adjoining Barnum's 
Hotel, daily. The former, immediately after the arrival 
ol" the steam boat, arriving in Washington by lO o'clock, A. M ; 
anrJ the latter at 9 o'clock, dining on the road, and arriving 
early in the evening. 

THE UNITED STATES' MAIL COACH, for Philadelphia, 
departs from the same office, (luring the suspension of steam 
boats, every afternoon at 3 o'clock, carrying but six inside pas- 
sengers, and arriving in Philadelphia, by noon, next day. 

THE UNITED STATES' MAIL, and accommodation Coach- 
fs, for Wheeling, leaves the same office at 4 o'clock, A M. af- 
ter the arrival of the steam boat. The former on Tuesdays^ 
Thursdays, and Sundays, goinj; through in thif e and a fourth 
days ; the latter on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, going 
through in four days, performing the vvbole route by daylight. 

THE UNITED STATES' MAIL COACH, /or Pitisburgi 
runs from the same office, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Satur- 
dijys, at four o'clock, A. M ; arriving in Pittsburg in three and 
a half days. 

O" Travellers from the Phiiadelpliia boats, wishing to take 
seats, in either of these lines, ,will please apply immediately af- 
ter their arrival. 

O" The stages for York, Carlisle, and Emmitsburg, leave the 
same office as usuaL STOCKTON & STOKES. 

THE UNITED STATES' MAIL, to York, Harnsburg, and 
Lanvasttr ; through in one day to the latter places. The Uni- 
ted States' Mail Stage for the above routes, leaves the same of- 
fice, Baltimore, every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mor- 
tnng, branching at York, and arriving in Harrisburg and Lau* 
easier, early on the same evenings. 

STOCKT0x\ ^ STOKES, 
Prpprietors, between BaUiaiore and New \oxXj 



58^ ADVERTISEMENTS — Baltimore, 

O" A stage for Northumberlaod, Wilkesbarre, and Owego, 
leaves Hanisburg, in connection of the above line, reaching 
Owe o in fnur days from Bahirnoie. 

UNITED STATES' MAIL COACHES, behoeen .Alexandria 
and IVinchcsler, connecting at the latter place, with the Ten- 
nessee line, Kia "Staunton, ice. 

Leaves Claggett's City Hotel, at 3 o'clock in the morning, on 
Sundays, Tuesdays, aiid Thursdays, and arriving at A^^inchester 
early the same evenings ; returning, will leave Colonel M'Guire's 
inn, the succeeding days, at 3 o'clock, A. M. and reach Alex- 
aiuh'ia early the same evenings. 

NOHFOLK LINE STEAMBOATS, 

Arrangement for lt]24. 
THE STEAMBOAT VIRGINIA,. 
CAPTAIN JOHN FERGUKSON, being thoroughly repaired 
with new cupper boilers, &c. leaves the lower end of Bowiey's 
wharf, Baltimore, every Thursday morning at 9 o'clock, and re- 
turning, leaves Newton's wharf, Norfolk, every Monday at the 
same hour. 

THE NORFOLK, 
CAPTAIN WILLIAM OWEN, every Monday morning at 
9 o'clock, and returning^ every Thursday at the same hour. All 
baggage, packages, &c. at the risk of the owner or owners 
thereof. — Passage as usual. — Apply to the Captains onboard, 
or to Benjamin Furguson, 101, Bowiey's wharf. 
THE PA<:KETS, 
One of the regular packets^ will positively leave each place 
every Sunday morning at 9 o'clock, (and cftener if necessary.) — 
For freiglit or passage, apply as above. 

THE STEAM BOAT NORFOLK. 
CAPTAIN OWE.V, leaves the lower end of Bowiey's wharf, 
every Saturday at 9 o'clock, A. RI, for Havre-de-grace an« 
Port Deposit; returning, leaves Port Deposit on Sunday, at 10 
t) 'clock, arrives in Baltimore 5 o'clock, P. M. — Passage vg2. 
B. FERGUSON, 101, Bowiey's uiiuf. 

NEW YORK h BALTIMORE, 

New line of Packets, for transportation of goods between tht 
5»bove places. 

Sloop Express, Ensign Baker Master. 

Sloop Commodore Perry, Welti ah D. Perry do. 

Schooner Rose in Bloom, Henry Weeks do. 

Schooner WiHifitn, William Anthony dto', 
all good vessels, asd experienced captains. 



ADVERTiSEMFNTS — Ballimors, 



. . C John M. Lowry Si. Co. Cofte*? House Slip iN^. York. 

^ ' (_ Kodgers & Symington, iio.vley's wharf, Baltimore, 
tlay of sailing, Safuttlay in each week. 

The subscribers will aitenri to the sale or forwarding any goods 
which may be directed to their address. 

KODGERS Sz SYMING'iON. 



BALTIMORE JEWELRY AND FANCY STORE, 

Corner of Market and Charles Streets. 

HUGH GELSTON, importer and manufacturer of silver and 
plated wares, jewelry, military and fancy goods, watches, Szc. 
of which he is constantly and most extensively supplied with a 
general assortment in his line, of the best quality and lateft 
patterns. — 

Also, perfumery, cosmetics, soaps, &c. and general variety 
store. 

A watchmaker, capable of executing" the most intricate work- 
manship, constantly employed. 



JEWELRY AND FANCY STORE, 

WOLCOT & GELSTON, Cornhill, opposite the old State 
House, Boston ; manufacturers and importers. 

WELLS, GELSTON, & PORTER, opposite the old State 
House, Boston ; importers and dealers, wholesale and retail, in 
jewelry, watches, military and fancy goods ; silver and plated 
wares, japauery, cutlery ; bronzed, gilt, and glass goods. 



MICHAEL DE YOUNG, 198 Market Street, Baltimore, 
nearly opposite Barnum's hotel, respectfully informs his friends, 
and the public in general, that he has a constant supply of goods, 
which he oilers for sale ai wholesale or retail, for cash, or 
ap[)roved papers, viz : — 

A new assortment of jewelry, as pearl, jet, stone, chased gold, 
&c.; breast pins, finger-rings, ear-rings, ornaments &c.; gold 
chains, seals, and keys, of the newest patterns, and elegant 
workmanship; gold and paste set jewelry, blue coral, and jet 
string fashionable ear-rings, necklaces, and a great variety of 
stone seals, and trinkets. 

Gold and silver patent levers, repeater?, and plain English 
watches, first rate, in style and quality ; musical seals ; also, 
common silver, and gilt watches. 

Masonic aprons, beads, tortoise-shell comb's and silver ani 
plated wares ; Jappaned and BiitlaHoia goods, with a general 
assortment of fancy articles. 



384 ADVERTISEMENTS — Ballimofe, 



Mc. PHERSOJN'S Lottery and Exchange OJice, JVb. 202, Mar- 
ket Streets Bultimore, [di'ecibj opposite Bnrnuni's Hotel). 
At this office, rirkets in al! the BaltiiViOre lotteiies are always 

to be obtaine(J, in the greatest variety of numbeis, and on the 

most favourable terms. 

Notes of distant Banks, received in exchange for Current 

Money ; and trarvellers furnished will) money adapted to tlieir 

different routes. 

All orders for tickets by mail, or otherwise, will meet with 

the mostpvompt attention. — Address, JONAS JVrPHERSON, 

B'-iltimore. 

CLARK'S Lotteri^ and Exchange Offices, Baltinwre. 

STEPHEN CLAllFvS long established and permanent Loif- 
terp and jEj change Office, north west corner of Market and Cal- 
vert Streets. 

New office, No. 52, Market Street, 3 doors west of Gay 
Street, wlieie most all the different Bank notes in America are 
taken at the lowest rates of exchange, and tickets and shares 
kept constantly for sale, in all tlie lotteries drawn in Baltimore. 

CLOTPltNG STORE. 
GAFFNEY and MOONEY, No. 95^, Market Street, Balti- 
more, have constantly for sale, a general extensive assortment 
of ready made clothing, in the newest fashion, and on the most 
reasonable terms. 

G. & R. VVAITES', Lottert/ and Exchange Office, corner of 
Charles and Market Stri^els, Baliimore. 

COMB AND FANCY STORE. 

A. LILLY & CO. No. 225, Market Street, Baltimore, keep 
constantly on hand, a large and general assortment of articles 
in the above line : — among wiiich are, 

Real tortoise-shell coiubs, mock ditto, side ditto, imprest-handled 
pocket ditto, ivory ditto, ridding and dressing combs. A gen- 
eral assortment ofcuilevij, and a great rarieti/ of other articles, 
too numtrcAis to mention : — All of Vi'hich ihcy will dispose of on 
the most reasonable to,rn»s. 

O" Country Mercluints are particularly requested to call. 

*^* Orders received from any pan of the United State.<:, will 
be punctually attended to. 

t+t Combs, of any pattern, made on the shortest notice, on 
very moderate ternif?. 

J. W. KEIRLE -S:. SON, shoe, boot, and hat warehouse, 
JV(0. H3 & 145, Baltimore, corner of Light Street, Baltimore. 



ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia* 385 

SEEDS, &c. 

The first general seed store established in Baltimore, upon an 
independent and universal knowledge ; where theory and science 
are combined, and knowledge derived from Grandsires, Sire <fe 
Brothers, whose knowledge, intense application, diligent re- 
search, united with strong comprehensive minds, and a general 
theoretical practice, has enabled the subscriber to select and 
ofter for sale a variety of Garden, Agricultural, and flower seeds; 
implimeuts, books on Gardening, Agriculture, and Botany ; 
Dutch flower roots, and every article in liis line imported from 
London, Liverpool, Amsterdam, Dublin, Cape of Good Hope, 
West Indias, and exported in packages and boxes to all parts 
of the world. Seeds k.c. bought, exchanged, or bartered, both 
indigenious and exotic. 

Captains of vessels can be supplied with native and exotic 
seeds gratis, when rlestined for foreign ports. In return, any seeds, 
plants, &c. will be sold for them at a small premium ; as the 
principal part of the above are sold on commission, and all war- 
ranted of a superior quality, purchasers may rest assured they 
can get them on better terms, than from any other house in the 
United States. JOSEPH P. CASEY, 

No. 2, Hanover Street, Baltimore. 

VARIETY STORE, 

and manufactory of Umbrellas, Hat-Covers, Combs, 4'<^. 

224, Market Street, Baltimore. 

JOH\ C. FRENCH, respectfully acquaints his fellow-citi- 
zens, that he is now prepared to execute orders for the above 
articles at the shortest notice, and on such terms as he thinks 
cannot fail to give entire satisfaction. They will be manufac- 
tured of the choicest materials and in the most faithful manner, 
and the advertiser's best abilities will be used to merit support. 
Umbrellas repaired in the best manner. 

Also, walking canes, combs, of various descriptions, pen- 
knives, Needles, Razors, Brushes, soaps, &c. 

N. B. As above may be had medicated oiled silk, which has 
proved very beneficial in rheumatick complaints, k.c. 



33 



386 ADVERTISEMENTS — PhUaddpki 



PHILADELPHIA. 



^ MANSION" HOUSE HOTEL, 

South TbiiH-street, Philadelphia. 

CHESTER BAILEY, has the honour to inform the Public, 
that he has taken this spacious establishment, which has been 
re-built, and is now furnished in the most genteel style. The 
beds and bedding, is entirely new, and the maitrasses were pur- 
chased of Mr. Jackson, of New York, who is acknowledged to 
stand first as a tuanufacturer of that article. The superior ad- 
vantages of this House, is too well known to be named, having 
a very spacious dining room, with reading and other rooms on 
the firbt floor, and fivu splendid parlours, beautifully furnished 
with bed rooms adjoining; particularly suited to the accommo- 
dation of famHies, added to which, are between forty and fifty 
single bed rooms, each of wliich has a fire place and bell. 

The mail and citizens' coaches for New York, and mail for 
Baltimore, run to and from this hotel ; and the proprietor in- 
tends to keep a first rate house, for comfort, eoiivenieuce and 
taste, and hopes to receive such a share of patronage from the 
citizens of Philadelphia and the public, as they may think he 
merits. 

JUDD'S HOTEL, 

No. 27, South Third Street, Philadelpliia. 
The most central for business in the city ; formerly kept by 
Anson Jodd, now kept by his nephew, Dana Judd Upson. It 
has been improved the year past ; affords good accommodations 
for families, and for gentlemen of business, liaving parlours, an(;^ 
many single bedded rooms. The stage coaches to New York 
and Baltimore, run to and from the door. Its patrons will find 
/tere, the delicarjeB of the season, the best of attendants, and 
every reasonable eftort to please. 

HIESKELL'S HOTEL, 

Sign of the Indian (^veen. No. 15, South 4ih Street, Philadelphia. 
The subsrribsr, grateful for past favours, informs his friends 
and the p iblic genfrally, that he has rular.el i>nd fitted anew 
this extensive and commodious establishment, w'hirh is decided- 
ly the most central liouse in the city for business : it tas a num- 
ber of single bedded rooms, and, on the ground floor, it has a 
dining room, eighty feet in length, and three good sitting rooms. 
The house is within one square ot th^ bank, theatre, museum, 
atheneum, and city library. He assures those that may favour 
him with a call, th.it every attention shall be paid to iheir com- 
fort and convenience, by tlieir obedient servant, 

THOMAS HIESKELL. formerly of Virginia. 



ADY ERTi?EMENTS — Philadelphia, 387 

■"■»'..'■ . ■ ■ ■ ' -^== 

UNION HALL, ' 

Snuth-Vvest Corner of Chesmit and Front Streets, Pliihirl'Inhia, 
witliin oOOyardsof the New York and Baltimore Steiuu Hoati., 

The subscriber liaving opened that large and •cmniixliMus 
house at the south-west corner of Chesnut and F'ront siieets, 
Philadelphia, and at a very great expense fitted it up as a ho- 
tel, begs leave to solicit a shaie of public patronaiz,e. 

It being in the vicinity of the banks, public othce*;, custom- 
house, auction stores, and N"ew-York, and Baltimore stea\n- 
boats, induces him to believe that he will receive a liberal sliare 
of custom. His table shall be (urnished with the be^t the nuir- 
ket affords (whicii is proverbial for excellence) — His bar is 
stored with the best of liquors — His beds are entirely new — 
His rooms with the aid of Lehigh coal, are kept warm in win- 
ter — and by the gentle breezes of the Delaware, cool in summer. 

*^* His charges are moderate, and every exertion will be 
made to render the esiabiishnient advantageous to the public, 

JOS'A E. BRANSON. 

Attached to the house is a reading room, with upwards of 
20 papers froni different parts of the Union. 

GOLDEN SWAN HOTEL, 

No. 69, North Third Street, Philadelpliia. 
The subscriber having taken the above establishment, which 
he has fitted up in the neatest manner, respectfully solicits the 
patronage of his friends and the public in general. 

ALEXANDER M'CALLA. 



Steam boat Franklin, leaves the lower side ot Market Street 
every day, except Sundays, at 6 o'clock, A. M.for New York. — 
This boat is in connection with the Union line Via, Trenton and 
New Brunswick, and is what is called a daily line, gbing from 
city to city in 12 hours. Fare through, g4. 

Steam boat Philadelphia, in connection with the above line, 
leaves daily, except Sundays, at 12 o'clock noon. Is called a 
day and half line, and arrives in New York the following 
morning, at 10 o'clock, A. M. Fare g3. 

Steam boats, Baltimore, Captain Jenkins, and Delaware, 
Captain Whildin, for Baltimore, Daily, (see advertisements). 
Fare, p. 

Steam boat Albemarle, for Bordentown, New Jersey, daily, 
(except Sundays,) at 12 o'clock, noon. Fare, 75 cents. 

Steamboat Superior, for Wilmington, daily, (except Sun^ 
days.) Fare SL 



388 ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia. 

UNION TRANSPORTATION LINE, 

For the conveyence of Goods between the cities of New- 
York and Philadelphia, by the steam boats 

THISTLE, PHILADELPHIA, BELLONA and FRANKLIN, 

by way of i\ew Bruuswick and Trenton. 
The subscribers having made arrangements with the proprie- 
tors of the above boats, and having procured excellent baggage 
waggons, and the most experienced and careful drivers, offer 
their services to merchants, traders, and others to transpoit, up- 
uu the most reasonable terms. 

All gnods, -wares and merchandise^ 
Between the cities of New- York and Philadelphia. 

0"Coods can be shipped by this line at 6 and 11 o'clock A. M. 
every day, (Sundays excepted) from either city, and landed at 
their place of destination the next day._ Goods for Baltimore 
ahd the western country will be immediately forwarded on their 
arrival in Philadelphia. 

The facilities which this line affords, particularly the rapidi- 
ty of the transportation, (an object of vast importance to spec- 
ulators,) and the unremitted exertions of the proprietors, will, 
it is confidently expected, insure a fair proportion of the patron- 
age of the public. 

tj-t Apply to George Abbk, at the office on the wharf, foot 

of Marketfield-street, New- York; and to David HiLi>, No. 5, 

South wharves, Pl.ilHuelphia. MILL, FISH & ABBE. 

— — ■ ■ ' " » — 

Baltimore Union Line, and United States'* 

MAIL STEAM BOATS. 

By way of New Castle, and French Town. Leaves the 
jower side or Market Street wharf eve.y day at 12 o'clock noon, 
and arrive in Baltimore early next morning in time for passen- 
gers to take the southern and western steam boats and stages. 

Passengers landed and taken off at Fort Mifrlin, the Laza- 
retio, Chester, and Mareus Hook. 

Baltimore Morning Line. 

One of the Union Line of steam boats will leave the lower 

si(te of Market street wharf, every xMonday, Wednesday and 

Friday morning at 5 o'clock, and will arrive in Baltimore, in 

rhe evening of the same day. All baggage at its owners risk. 

Union line of packets, between Philadelphia and Baltimorft, 
jor the transporlaiioii of goods, by the way of New Castle and 
Freuohtown, leaves each city 4< times a week. 



ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia* 389 

J. WFjLSH, of Philadelphia, has four regular packets in the 
Liverpool trade, sailing from Philadelphia the 5th, and from 
Liverpool the 25th of every month : — besides 7 other vessele, 
which sail intermediately to Liverpool, and other ports of Eu- 
rope. 

PHILADELPHL\ LINE OF PACKETS, FOR LIVEUPOOL. 

Ship Algonquin, Charles Dixey, Master, 

Ship Alexander, Stephen Baldwin,.. .. Master, 

Ship Tuscarora James Serrill, Master, 

Ship Montezuma, Thomas Potts, ISIaster. 

Tills line of packets, which is excelled by none, leaves Liv- 
erpool on the 8th of each month, except the 12tli month, (De- 
cember,) and Pl)iladelphia, on the 20th of each month, except 
the first juonth, (Jar)uary.) Cabin passengers taken at £30 
sterling, l^'.J33 33 cts. for which sum, they are furnished with 
beds, bedding;, and stores, of every description ; and no expense 
is spared to have every tiling complete an(i comfortable. 

THOMAS P. i Ol^E & SONS. 



N. YORK AND PHILADELPHIA PACKET^. 
UNION LINE. 

The proprietors of this line for the better accommodation of 
their friends and the pviblic, have concluded to despatch a ves- 
sel from each poi t on Saturday of each week, and should suffi» 
cient enrouragemenl be offered, they propose despatching oc- 
fasioually an exlra packet. The following vessels compose this 
lin,^ 

Schooner Validnt,.., D. Weeb, Mooter, 

Entgrpiise, T. Marshnl, do. 

Knickerbocker, J. Johnson,..,... do. 

Sloop, Wm. Henry, J. Briggs, do. 

Ail good substantial fast sailing vi ssels of small Liuthen, 
comniitndei! b}- men of experience, who are generally part own 
»M>-, and have been constant liaders lor several years, an.i who 
have the librnty of acting as their own pilots to and IVoin oach 
port. The subscribers solicit a share of the puldic p* ti ou.sge, 
assuring them every possible facility in their jowir ^ii^ii be 
given to shippers, and aii goods forwarded to them will be legu- 
larly shipped, free ofchar^je of commission or storage. Apfdy to 
James G. Stacy, 22 south wharves, Philadelphia, or N. L'llum- 
niedieu. corner of Old Slip and Front Street JN. York. 



NEW YORK AND PHl'LADELPHLA PACKETS, 

REGULAR -LL\E. 

The subscribers, for the better accomnjodfition of the public, 
have established a line of packets between this city arv', New 
33* 



390 ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia, 

York, to sail frotn each port on Saturday of every week. — ^The 
vessels composing it are the 

Schooner Herald,. Hiram Fox,.... Master, 

Leaper, Reuben Snow, do. 

Sloop B.iston Packet, Levi Snow, do. 

Reaper,.. Mark S. Crowel, ... do. 

They are all good fast sailing vessels, and well calculated for 
the trade. The masters are men of experience, and have the 
liberty ot acting as their own pilots, both here and in New 
York. Every accommodation will be given to shippers, and the 
rates of freight will correspond with the times. 

Goods sent by this line to be re&hipped, will be forwarded as 
directed free from charge of storage or commission — Applica- 
tion to be made to BALDWIN & SPOONER, 

No. 98 Cofiee House Slip, New York, and 
BAILEY c*^ WILLIS, 
No. 37, South Wharves, Philadelphia. 

H. C. CARY Sz I. LEA, Book-sellers and Publishers, cor- 
ner of Fourth and Chesnut streets, Philadelphia, keep on hand 
constantly, a complete assortment of books in the various dc- 
]iarlinents of literature : — 

Also, a complete assortment of stationary, imported and 
Auiorican. 

P. H. NICRLIN, Law Book-seller, No. l75, Chesnut Street, 
constiintiy fur sale, a complete collection of law books, Ameri- 
can aiifi imported. 

Lamps, Plated- JVare^ French China, S,'c. 

GARDIKER L VENON, No. 9S, Chesnut Street, Philadel- 

i)hia, import and keep constantly for f.nle, wholesale and retail, 

;i splendid assortment of the following variety of goods, com- 

prising both the decorative and usf/ul articles of house furniture, 

PLATED-WARE, 

Consisting of rich silver mounted tea and coffee sets, com- 
phne ; tea-pots, in pairs; elegant colfee urns ; waiters j wine- 
coolers ; bread, cake, and fruit-baskets ; liquor standi, Cas- 
lov;, ; bottle stands; candlesticks and branches; snuffers and 
tiuvs; ludlts ; fish knives; spoons c*cc. — 
LAMPS. 

Rich and plain Grecian, of i, 2, and 3, lights ; elegant boat, 
of 2 and 3 lights ;, painted hail^ and plain vase entry ; superb 
y light hringiiig lustres; rich 1 and 2 light mantle, with cut 
a'lass fouutcriiis'J dishes, and drops ; elegant London bronzed, 
i hiid 21iglU niaiitle ; great variety of stand lamps, suitable for 
ijiirtit!;:., ^ideboatds, latdes, or brackets ; 8 sizes of brass a^nd 



ADVERTISEMENTS — PhUadtlplila, 39 1 

japanned Liverpool, some of which are particularly calculated 
for lighting churches, and other large rooms, 2 and 3 light 
store, and a great variety of liouse, chambers, and kitchen 
lamps; Lens, lanterns, &,c. 

Also, lamp wicks and glasses, of all kinds; hemispheres for 
aitral lamps, 7, 75, 8, 9, 10, and 12, in diameter, together with 
weights, chains, pullies, kc. connected with the lanip bulinell. 
FRENCH-CHINA. 

First and second choice, plain, white, and gilt, tea and cof- 
fee sets, entire and by the dozen ; also, various fancy patterns, 
in sets, and otherwise. ^\Zr orders for full (lining and desert 
sets, composed agreeably to wishes, received and executed in 
six months. 

JAPANNERY. 

Tea trays in sets or single, of any size, of black, crimson, 
buff, and other grounds of imitation, and real gold borders, 
with bread and knife trays to match also, small waiters, in great 
variety. CUTLERY. 

White and green ivory handle table and desfirt knives and 
forks in sets ; self tip buck and bone ditto, in sets, or separate ; 
middling and low priced ditto ; carvers and steels ; sci?sors, 
shears, " Rodgers's" pen and pocket knives j" Joiin Barber's*' 
razors, &;c. 

And^ in addition to the above, 

Brass-andirons of the newest patterns; elegant cloak and 
curtain pins; cornice ends ; pierced brass and green fenders; 
shove's and tonges ; hooks for ditto ; bellows; brushes; britan- 
nia metal; tea sets and tea pots in pairs; sugar cutttTS ; cork 
screws, &c. with a variety of useful riomestic utensils, and a 
general assortment of FANCY ARTICLES. 

~^ JAMES PErEKS, 

Gold and Silver Thimble, and Pencil Case Manufacturer, No. 

65, Arch street, between 2d and 3d streets, Philadelphia, 
Has constantly on hand the above articles of as good quality, 
and on as low terms, as can be obtained in the city. 

Also, i-ilver spoons, spectacles, jewelry, (tc, wiiolesale and 
retail. ^ 

CHARLES C. WATSON & SONS, Tailors. 
DIRECTIONS. 

1. From the bottom of the collar to the hip buttons. 

2. From the collar to the bottom of llie coat. 

3. From the mirtdle of- the back to the elbow 

4. From the elbow to 2^ inches below the wrist. 

5. Round the chest under the coat. 

6. Ditto the WHist under coat. 

7. Ditto the arm above elbov,. 



392 ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia. 



8. Round tlie arm below elbow. 

y. From the tniddle of the collar seam behind down the front 
for the length of the lappel, 

10. Length of breeches from the top of the hip to the knee, and 

for pantaloons to the ancle. 

11. Round the upper part of the thigh. 

12. Round above the knee. 

13. Round below the knee. 
1+. Round the calf. 

15. Round tlie ancle. 

The height of the person to be sent. 

Tl)e re.sppctive lengths and widths to be stated in inches. 

Chesnul, 92 ilreel, Philadelphia, 1^24. 

Explanation of Terms. 

A Box Coat, is made large with several capes, and is used 
only to drive in. 

A .^eiv jyjarket Coat, is made in the style of a surtout, with 
standing collar, and with one or more capes. 

A Surtout Coal, is made to wear o»er another coat, and is 
a distinct garment from a frock, though tlie two terms are fre- 
quently confounded. 

Trousers are mado large, and are worn over the boots. 

Pantaloons are made tight to button at the ancle, and are 
worn with tne boots over. 

JN.B. Gentlemen ordering clothing, will be so obliging as to 
send a letter of reference at the same time. 



EDWARD SHELMERDINE'S 

Wholesale and Retail Military and Fashionable Hat Ware- 
House, Mo. 159, Chesnut Street. 
Where may be had, a general assortment of naval and military 
chapeaux ; 'gentlemens' fashionable beavers, castors, and ro- 
rams, (black and drab;) youths' and boys' do.; suitable for 
shipping and country merchants. — V\hole.sale purchasers dealt 
with on liberal terms. 

FRANKLIN HAT MANUFAC TORY, 

No. 12-2, Market Street, Philadelphia. 
TIj? subscribers lespectfuily offer to their fiiends and the pub- 
lic, a large and compKite cissortment of hats, mado of the best 
materials, and intl^e n)OL-t durable and in a f<sliionablo manner, 
which tliey intend to sol! for cash or saMsactuiv acceptances. 
Gentlcniens' beavers, castors, and rorams; youihs' and child- 
reris' do,; Reading wool i.<;ts ; black and drab misses and child- 
rens' beavejs, full trimmed ; childrens' Morocco hats. They 
continue to make their well known Franklin bats, at ^'ii 50, 
■which are not equalled for cheapness, appearance, and dura- 



Advertisements — Philadeiphia, 393 

bllity. Bespoke hats made promptly and according to order.--* 
Shipping and country merchants may depend upon the greatest 
attention being paid to the paciiage of their orders, to prevent 
injury from carriage. Halters and others can be supplied with 
hats in the rough. RAiNKIN & FOWLE. 

SAMUEL MARSHALL, 

Fashionable Boot'and Shoe Maker, No. 119, South Third Street, 
opposite tlie iVIansion House Hotel, 

Respectfully informs his friends and the public in general, 
that he intends selling every article in his line of business, at 
the very lowest piioes for cash. He likewise assures those who 
may favour him with their patronage, that from liis experience, 
he can with confidence say that his work will be equal, if not 
superior, for ease, elegance, and durability, to any manufac- 
tured in ihis city. 

N. B. — Wholesale dealers will do well to call previous to 
th&'iT purchasmg elsewhere, as they will be dealt with on the 
most reasonable .terms — and the workmanship and materials will 
be warranted. Julys 1824. 

WILLL^M FOSTER, 

Wholesale and Retail Boot and Shoe Store, No. 104, Market 
Street, Philadelphia, 



FANCY AND WINDSOR CHAIRS. 

The subscriber has on hand, a large and elegant assortment 
of fancy and Windsor chairs, with lounges and settees to match, 
tinished in the best manner, and of the newest and most ap- 
proved patterns. 

Also, keeps on hand, a large quantity of knock-downs, suita- 
ble for the South-American or West Indian market, which can 
be packed up in shipping order at a shor-t notice. 

Copal Varnish. — Stoie-keepers, cabinet or cbair-makers, can 
be supplied with copal varnish of the best quality, by whole- 
sale or retail, by JOSEPH BURDEN, 

JVo. 97, South 3d Street, partly opposite the Mansion House 
Hotel, Philadelphia. 

SVVAIM'S PANACEA. ~ 

This valuable medicine has obtained a distinction which its 
efficacy alone can su])i-,ort. As a puiifi^r oi tlie blood it has 
no parallel. It is the most useful spring and autumn alterative 
ever known. All those who are affectud with scrofuia, leprt,si/f 
scurvy, or cutaneous eruptions, or aiiy of those rnelanclidiy dis- 
eases arising from impurity of tiie biuod and juices — also, those 
who suffer by diseased liv&r rheumatic ajfeciions, or from ladis- 



•94 ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia. 

c/etion of their youth, ^s well as those whose constitutions are 
broken down by mercurial, anlimnnial, or arsenical medicines, 
should submit to a course of Svvaim's Panacea. The effect of 
this medicine is such as lOt to interrupt either business or plea- 
sure, and requires only the common resl.rnints of moderation in 
Cnel. It is conveyed by the circulating fluids, and corrects their 
tendencies to all those diseases which oiiginate in vitiated blood. 
It is a safe, ihouoh a powerful substitute for mercury, and re- 
moves those evils which an unsuccessful use of that mineral 
so often occasions, &c. 

AGENTS. 

Boston. — J. P. Hall, druggist, No. 1, Union street. 

J^ew-York. — Collins & Haunay, No. 230, Pearl street; John 
B. Dodd, & Co. druggists, No. 181, Broadway, opposite John 
street. 

Lancaster J (Pa.) — Henry Keffer. 

FitlsOur^, {Pa,) — Charles Avery vt Co. druggists. 

Wilmington, {Del.) — Joseph Bringhuvst, druggist, 

Ballimore. — Henry Price, druggist, Market street. 

jyashington Cili/. — Mr. Wm. Guaton, druggist. 

Alexandria. — Edward Stabler & Son, druggists. 

J^orfolk.—C. Hall, bookseller. 

Richmond, {Fa.) — James M'Kildoe, druggist. 

CharlsUon, {S. C.)— S. Huard, druggist. 

Siugusta, (Ga.) — W:'?- H. Turpin, druggist. 

Jhfalchez. — Lehman & Beaumoni, (IrliggiitS. 

Agents in other cities will be appointed. 

Patients whose situation and circumstances enable them to 
come to this city, and place themselves under the proprietor's 
care, would find it much to their advantage. 

The genuine medicine has my signature on a label, represeiit- 
iHg Hercules and the Hydra, and my name on the seal. 

Price, ||3 50 per bottle, or $36 per dozen. 

Commwnications, post-paid, and orders from any part of the 
world, will receive immediate attention. 

ID" Printed directions accompany the medicine. 

WM. liWAlM, 
No. 13, South Ninth Street, Philadelphia, opposite the Univer- 
sity oi Pennsylvania. May, 1824. 

B J. NEAL, 

Hat Manufacturer, No. 108, Market Street, Philadelphia, 
Announces to liis friends, merchants, and the public gen»=,rally, 
that he has always ready, at v/holesale and reinil, hats of the 
first quality, and latest fashions, on the most reasonable terms. 
Also, hats of various qualities and prices, to suit purchasers, 
who are most particularly invited to call, aiul form their own 
Ojnnion, Sept. 1824. 



ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia. Sdi 



THIMBLE & SPECTACLE iMANUFACTORY, 

No. 65, Arch Street, 
Whers may be had, in all their varieties, thimbles, spectacles, 
silver spoons, watches, gold chains, and a general assortment 
of jewelry, on the ni'^'st re-asonable terms. 

Orders from merchants, and others, will be most promptly at- 
tended to, by JAMES PETERS. 

1824. 

PREPARED AND SOLD, 

At the north-east corner of Market and Third Streets, PhiPa. 
Smith & Pearsall, Druggists and Chemists, a general assortment 
of drugs, medicine, chemicals ; paints, dry, and ground \u oil ; 
window glass, dye stuffs, &c. 

Note. — This is one of the largest drug ware-houses, in the 
United States. 



BOSTON & PHILADELPHIA PACKETS— UlNON 
LINE. 

The following vessels will run the ensuing season as a line of 
packets between this city and Boston, to sail from each port 
every Saturday, viz.: — 

Sch'rs DELAWARE, Timothy House. 

PILOT Thomas Milton, 

BENJAMLN FRANKLIN,.. ..Jo!=iah Wing. 

WILLIAM PENN, Josiah Ko.igers. 

ELIZA JANE, Thomas Cobb. 

As the vessels are all first rate, and the masters men of ex- 
perience and regular traders for years, have the liberty of act- 
ing as their own pilots. 

The patronage of the public is solicited, with the assurance, 
that every accommodation will be given to shippers. Apply for 
freight or passage in Boston, to the masters on board, at Central 
wharf, or E. &, W. Reynolds, and in Philadelphia, at the Bos- 
ton packet wharf, second above Arch street, or to 

A. C. BARCLAY, on said wharf. 

^~ LIST OF MAPS. CHARTS, kc. ' 

For sale by H. S. Tanner, corner of Fourth and Walnut 
streets, Philadelphia. 

A new Auutican Atlas, .§35 00 

Bouchett's map of Lower Canada, ..10 sheets 35 00 

Upper and Lower do. ..4-. .do ...10 00 

Arrowsmith's Map of the World 4. .do 12 00 

Walker's. do 4.. do 10 OO 

Lowrie and Whittle's.. ..do 4. .do 10 oO 

Tanner's.. , do 2. .do 5 oO 

....do do U.do 2 50 



396 ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia, 

Arvowsmith's Map of Europe ■*.. sheets. ..glO 00 

Tanners do l..do 2 50 

Ai'rowsniith^s..do..Asia, 4.. do., lO 00 

Tanner's do ^ .....l..do 2 50 

Arrowsmilirs.. do. .Africa,.... 4. .do 10 00 

Tanner's do........ l..do. 2 50 

..do. ...do.. ..America ..l..do 2 50 

..do .,do.,..N America, 4. .do 10 00 

...do....do....S. America, .,2. .do 6 00 

Robinson's do.. Mexico, 6.. do 15 00 

Faden's.. do..S. America, 10. .do 30 GO 

Tanner's United States l..do 1 OO 

..do..N. England States, l..do 2 00 

..do..N. York, l..do 2 00 

..do. .Pennsylvania Sz N. Jersey, l..do 2 OO 

..do. .Virginia, Maryland ii Delaware, 2 00 

..do. .Ohio and Indiana l..do...... ... 2 00 

..do Kentucky Sz Tennessee, l..do 2 00 

..do.. N & S. Carolina l..do 2 00 

. .do.. Georgia & Alabama, l..do 2 OO 

..do. .Louisiana and Mississippi,......! ..do 2 00 

..do. .Illinois and Missouri, l..do. 2 00 

..do. .World and Quarters dissected 3 50 

Greenleaf's State of Maine, 2. .do 8 OO 

Carrigan's New Hampshire, 6. .do. ........ 12 00 

Caileton's Vermont, 4. .do 8 00 

..do Massachusetts, 4. .do 8 00 

Warren and Gillet's Connecticut, 4. .do 8 00 

Eddy's New York, 4. .do 8 00 

Lay's. ...do 6. .do 8 OO 

Melish's Map of Pennsylvania,, 6. .do 12 00 

Bourne's Ohio, 4. .do lO 00 

Griffith's Maryland, 4. .do 8 00 

Madison's VirginifJ,... 6 .do 12 00 

Munsell's Kentucky, 6. .do l2 OO 

Price & Strother's North Caiolina,...4..do 10 00 

Wilson's South Carolina, 4. .do 10 00 

Stuige's Georgia, 4. .do.... 10 00 

Darby's Louisiana, 4. .do 8 0(» 

Ludlow's.... do 4.. do 10 00 

Blunt's Chart of the West Indies, 6. .do 7 00 

..do.. ..do.. ..Atlantic Ocean, 4. .do 4 00 

..do. ...do.. ..Western Coast, ...4..do....i,... 4 00 

..do.. ..do.. .'.Eastern, 4. .do 5 00 

..do. ...Coast Pilot, 1 do 4 ^0 

..do.. -.Sbipinastei's Assistant, l..do 4 50 

Bowditch's Navigator, l..do , 4- 50 

Morse's Gazetteer, ,, l..do C 00 



A OVERT I s EME NTS — 'New- York. 397 

Darby's Gazetleei,.., , 1 sheet .'.. 4 50 

Worcester's.. cio 2.. do.. ..^..,.10 OO 

W oodbridge's School Geography,.. ...2. ,do.» 1 50 

Adam^s do 2. .do 1 25 

Smiley's do 2. .do 1 25 

^ZT In preparation a four sheet Map of the United States, 
Map of Mexico, on one sheet, and a Map of the Roads of the 
United States, with the distance from place to place. 
July 1824. 

NEW-YORK. 



CITY HOTEL. 

Broadway, New-York. 

CHE3TP:11 JENNINGS announces to the public that he 
still continues this spacious Hotel, the whole having undergone 
a tborniigh repair, every room been painted and furnished in the 
first style of elegance ; with a complete suit of rooms fitted up 
for the acconnnodalion of travelling parties of ladies and gen- 
tlemen, containing superb drawing-rooms, parlours, and bed- 
rooms, with beds large, and of the first ijnality. The present 
incumbent pledges himself that his exertions shall be unremit- 
ted, in order to supply the tables of the public and private dining 
halls with all that fs rare in kind, or excellent in quality. 

June, lf>24. 

THE MANSION HOUSE, 

No, 39, Broadway, New-York. 

By WILLIAM FUiNKER. It is a desideratum with every 
gentlenian whotravels will) his family, to put up at a house where 
all the advantaiies of a hotel mentioned by Dr. Johnson can be 
realized, while confusion, noise and vulgarity are avoided. The 
advanTi-ag,es of such institutions are in some instances realized 
ip New-YbrJ^ The Mans/on House may be considered among 
tljose where theconvenienc.es, variety, «U)d luxuries of a first rale 
hotel, are conibinei! v/ilh the retirement, stillness, and private 
conveniences of any genllenpan's domestic mansion. 

June, 1824. 

PARK PLACE HOUSE, 

Corner of Broadway and Purk-Pluce, (l;iie M echanic-Hall, 
Novv-Yorli. 
This el.-jgant •establishment is v;^^ll known for its comfort and 
convenience. Its airy and healthy situation, its proximity f 
34 



ADVERTISEMENTS KtW-Yo7k, 



the theatre, academy of fine arts, and the public baths, render 
it tl»e most desirable residence for strangers, whether on jour- 
nies of pleasure or of business. 

The table is supplied with whatever the season affords, sua 
the Wines are of the best quality. 

Hr'The apartiTients have been newly furnished, and the ad- 
joining house in Broadway added to the establishment. 

WASHINGTON HALL, 

No. 282, Broadway, New-York. 
By PETER McINTlRE. It is a happy circumstance that in 
the commercial metropolis of America, convenience, elegance, 
and refinement have kept pace with the bold strides of n^rcan- 
tile enterprize, and that the first merchants or travellers from 
Europe, ot different parts of America, may find all.the varie- 
ty of refined luxury in the hotels of New- York, tiiat they can 
in any commercial town of Europe. The above remarks are 
applicable to the elegant and spacious Mansion House in Broad- 
way, long known as Washington Hall. June, 1824. 

CUSTOM-HOUSE HOTEL, 

In Wall-street, No. 4, near Broadway. 
By r. F. DRAZE icCHEISER. The Custom-riouse Ho- 
tel is one of the oldest as well as most respectable hotels in the 
city of New-York, and in point of proximity to the banks, cus- 
tom-house, the insurance offices, and large exchange brokers, 
has the preference to every hotel in the city, ns Wall-street is 
the great exchange mart and central point of all the merchants 
and men of great business in this comniercial emporium. 

July, 1824. . 

NEW-YORK COFFEE-HOUSE, 

No. lO, William street, (near the Post Office,) New-York. 

WILLIAM SYKES. An ordinary every day at 3 o'clock, 
excepting on Swnrfrtvs, when dinner will be served at 2 o'clock. 

Private Dinners, Suppers, &c. furnished in the best style, 
and sent out when desired. 

Wines and liquors of the choicest kinds, and in great v'a- 
jriety. 

llacey's Pale Ale, and London Brown Stout, constantly on 
.li-aught. 

'^1' E;ccel!ent accommodations for travellers. 



ADVERTISEMENTS J^'ew- Yor/c, odi) 



YORK HOUSE. 

Nos. 5 atui 7, Couitland-street, New-York. 
This establisliment, recently ocaiplcn! by Mr. E. Morsr. and long 
kiiown to the public, has been taken by the subscriber, uiKJ re- 
litted in handsome style, for the accomnKKlation of 

Stage andStcain-boat Passengers, 4* of steady Boarders. 

Its Jocatioji is in the most healthy part of the city, aiirl be- 
ing- at a point wliere the chain of conimunicalion, I'v >t ig'^s, 
between the Nortli, the E^ist, and tlie South meets, oif«;s pe- 
culiar ads-antages to the traveller ; while, its vicinity to the bu- 
siness part of itie city, makes it still more desirable to the mer- 
chant. 

An ordinary will be served daily at 2 P. M. and the best at- 
tendants procured; the charges moderate, and no pains spared 
to render the establishment agreeable to its visitors, and worthy 
of the extensive patronage it has heretofore received. 

May 1st, 1824. A. YOUNG. 

NEW-YORK NORTHERN AND SOUTHEUn"^ 
STEAM-BOAT HOTEL. 

By WILLIAM HARRISON, (at the foot of Counland st.) 
Mr. II. respectfully informs liis numerous patrons, i\nd the pub- 
lic generally, that the above spacious and airy establishment 
has recently undergone a thorotigh repair, and is now open for 
the accomnioilation of ladies and gentlemen, by the day, week, 
or year, at reasonable prices. 

This establishment, by its happy locality, combines a variety 
of advantages, which tentl to render it particularly desirable. 
In addition to the comforts of a commodious building and a 
l\eaUI)fu] situation, are united a beautiful prospect of the j\'V)/7/t 
/tjrerand York Bay, ever enlivened b}'^ the industry of corn- 
rnerce, and chequered by the movements of numerous steam- 
boats, constantly receiving and discharging passengers in front 
of tlie house. 

The liberal patronage which has been hitherto enjoyed by the 
proprietor of this establishment, has induced him to expect a 
continuance of public favour, as the reward of an uiuemitted 
exertion to please. New-York, April 10, 1824. 

A. MOODY, 

(Who has for the last 25 years kept a public house in the city 
of Albany,) infoiniS liis friends and the public in general, tiiat 
he, has taken that large and airy establishment on the corner of 
Broad and Pearl streets, known as the Broad street House 
^'evv.Yo^k, where he wi^l be very glad to see his old customers, 



100 ADVERTISEMENTS J^tW-^Ovk, 

To those uho know liiin nnd his house, he thinks it needless to 
say any thing — those who do not, can satisfy themselves by 
trying;- what his house aflbrds. July, 1824. 

North River Steam-Boat Line^ between JS'ew-York and 

Atbany- 

(Station foot of Comtlandt street, New-York.) 

This line is composed uf the Chancellor Liinngston, Captain 
Center, of 520 tons burthen ; tlie James Kent, Capt. Samuel 
VViswall, of 400 tons ; and the Riclimond, Capi. Tliomas Wis- 
wall, of 350 tons ; all vessels of the fiist class, built and equip- 
ped in the most substantial and exptnsive manner. Their 
boilers are all of copper, and the engines on the low-pressure 
system, precisely the same as adopted by Mr. Fidlon in his life 
time. This line has been continued since the first invention of 
steam boats, witlinut the smallest accident having happened to 
any person on board. 

A boat is despatched daily from JVew-York, at 5 c^'clock, P. 
M. excepting in the summer months, vlien the James Kent is 
despatcherl every Monday anrl Thmsrlay, at 5 o'clock, A. M. 
and lands her passengers at Albany the saine,ecening. This 
she has periormed in the short space of fourteen hours and a 
half. 

From Albany a boat is despatched every day at 11 o'clock, 
A.M. exf-eptiug in summer, when the c/ome.s /<>?t/ fieparts ou 
^Vednefdays and Saturdays, at 5 A. M. and lands the passen- 
gers at New-Yoik the same evening. 

Ey means of this line, comnuinicalion is ropi.hiri;'^ k;y3t up 
with the Canailian steam boats, via Lake Ch-^iiiil mh, Hti.Twith 
Utica and Buffalo, and the vesteni part of iNpsvYoik. through 
the great Western Canal. 

(Office, No. l52, Washington-stiPfi ) 



New-York and Rhode-Island Steam Jihuis- 
(Station in New- York, at Fulton's slip, East River.) 

The steamboat Connerticul, Capt. E. S. Bunker, and the 
Fultoiiy Cafjt. VVm. Comstock, ply between Provider*'.; and 
Newport, H. I. and New-York. The Connecticut leaves New- 
York every VVedne-day at 3 o'clock, P. M. and the Fulton ev- 
ery Saturday at the same hour. Passengers by this line reach 
Boston the following evening. From Kliode hland the Fulton 
departs every ruebuay evening, and the Conneclicnt on Friday 
evening, aniving at New- York early the succeeding night. 

These boats are 330 ions burthen, are copper fastened and 
.-oppered, hav« copper boilers^ and engmes on the lu\v pressure 



ADVERTISEMENTS Js'eW-^ork, 401 



system : their commanders are men of great experience, and 
the boats have navigated tlie sound, for a number of years with 
perfect safety to the traveller. 

Office at R S. WILLIAMS & Co. corner of Fulton and 
South Street. 

NEW YORK AND LIVERPOOL PACKETS. 

The subscribers have established the following ships, as a 
line of packets, between New York and Liverpool, to leave 
New- York on the 8th, and Liverpool on the 24th of each raonih 
in the year, viz : 

Ship Cortes, Nash De Cost, master, to sail from New York 
on the 8th January, and from Liverpool on the 24th of Febru. 
ary. 

Ship Corinthian, George Davis, master, to sailfrofn New York 
on the oth February, and from Liverpool on the 24lh March. 

Ship Leeds, William Stoddard, master, to sail from N.-w York, 
on the 8th March, and from Liverpool on the 24th April. 

Ship Euphrates, Benjamin Sprague, master, to sail l>oin New 
York on the 8th April, and from Liverpool on the 24th May. 

Ship Cortes, Nash 13e Cost, master, to sail from New York 
on the 8th May and from Liverpool on the 24th June. 

Ship Corinthian, George Davis, master, to sail from New 
York on the 8th June, and from Liverpool on the 24th July. 

Ship Leeds, William Stoddard, master, to sail from New 
York on the 8th of July, and from Liverpool on the 24th August. 

Ship Euphrates, Benjamin Sprague, master, to sail from New 
York on the 8th August, and from Liverpool on 24ih September. 

Ship Cortes, Nash De Cost, master-, td sail from New York 
on the 8th September, and from Liverpool on the 24ih October. 

Ship Corinthiau, George Davis, master, to sail fiom New. 
York on the 8th October, and from Liverpool on the 24th No- 
vember. 

Ship Leeds, William Stoddard, master, to sail from New 
York on the 8tli November, and from Liverpool on the 24th De- 
cember. 

Ship Euphrates, Benjamin Sprague, master, to sail from New 
York on the 8th December, apd from Liverpool on the 24lh 
January. 

These ships are about 400 tons each, built of the best Miate- 
rials, copper fastened and coppered, commanded by men of ex- 
perience in this trade, and no expense will be spared in making 
their accommoriations convenient and comfortable to pp.sseo- 
fiers. Beds, bedding, wines, and stores of the first quality are 
turnished. Foi freight or passage, apply to the caiuaius on 
board, or to FlSH & Gf^vliN i\ EL, 

136 Front Street ; or to 
THADEUS FUELPS & Co. 
•^4* 47 South Street New Xt.rk. 



402 AbVERTiSEMENTS — New-York, 



N. B. A new ship now building, will take tbe place of the 
Euphrates on the 8th December, 1824. 
New York, June 25ih, 1824. 

OLD LINE OF LIVERPOOL PACKETS, 

To sail on the \st and IGlh of every month. 

Ship AVilliam Thompson, R. R. Crocker, master, to sail 1st of 
7th month (July.) 

Ship Canada, James Rodgers, master, to sail 16th of 7th month, 
(July) 

Ship James Cropper, C. li. Marshal, master, to sail 1st of the 
8th month, (August.) 

The Liverpool packets having met with general approbation 
and support, the owners of them have concluded to add to the 
number of vessels employed in that establishment; and they 
now intend that the following ships shall sail between New 
York and Liverpool in regular succession, twice in each month 
from each port, leaving both New- Fork and Liverpool on the 1st 
and 16th of every month throughout the year, viz : 

Ship NewrYork Go. Maxwell^ ,.Master» 

Ship Columbia, ,..,.Seth G. Macy, 

Ship Orbit, Joseph Tinkham, 

Ship Pacific, S. Maxwell, 

Ship Wm. Thompson, ....R. R. Crocker, 

Ship Canada, ...James Ro-^gers, 

Ship James Cropper, Charles H. Marshal,.... 

Ship Nestor,.... \Vi)li;im Lee, Jr 

These ships were all built in New-Yoik^ of the best materials; 
and are coppered and copper fastened, and are very fast sailers ;, 
their accommodations for passengers are uncommonly extensive 
and commodious, and they are commanded by men of great 
experience. 

The price of pasfage to England in the cabin, is now fixed at 
S^HO; for which sum passengers will be furnished with beds 
and bedding. Wine and stores of all kinds. For fuitiier par- 
ticulars, apply to ISAAC WRIGHT k SON, 
FRANCIS THOMSON, 
- ilENJAMlN MARSHALL, 
JEREMIAH THO^iFSON. 

LONDON AND NEW-YORK PACKETS. 

With the view of offering to the public great facility in the in- 
terccurse between this port and London, and especially of in- 
viting the attention of the passengers destined to either Great 
Britain or tht continent, to the ships employed in this trade, 
the subscribers, in conjunction with their friends, have estab- 
lished a line .of , packet ships, coiisissing of the 



ADVERTISEMENTS — JSfew- York» 403 



Ship Brighton,.. ...Sebor, Master. 

Do Crisis M'Manus, do. 

Do Acasta,c .»^....Griswo1d,.. .. do. 

Do Hudson, ......••Champlin, do. 

New ship, to be built. 

One of which they intend shall sail punctually from IVew- 
York and from London, on the first of every month, tliroughout 
the year. 

These ships are all of the first class, and are commanded fay 
men of activity and experience. They are about 400 tons 
burthen, copper fastened and coppered, and in every respect 
fitted in the best manner. The accommodations will be very 
spacious, and the furniture, stores, &c. made to suit the comfort 
and convenience of passengers. The line will commence with 
the departure of the new ship Brighton, to sail on the first July 
from this port, and from London on the 1st September. The 
other ships to follow in regular succession. For further partic- 
ulars, apply to 

JOHN GRISWOLD,68 South-street, or 
FISH & GKINNEL, 136 Front-street. 

N. B. the ships of the above line will touch at Cowes each 
way, for the purpose of londing and receiving passengers. 

June 1824. 

PACKETS FOR HAVRE. 

A line of packets has been established between New-York 
and Havre, to leave both ports regularly on the 1st and 15th 
nays of each month during the year. The ghips composing the 
line, are fast sailers, well found and commander*, coppered an(^ 
copper fastened. Their accommodations for passengers, com- 
prise all that can be required for comfort and convenience. — 
Passengers in the cabin will be taken for ^140 each, for which 
they are furnished with beds, bedding, wines, and ample stores 
of every description. Goods intended for shipment by them, 
may be sent to agents who will attend to thtir reception and 
forwarding, without charge fnr storage or commissions. The 
expenses which may in such cases be actually incurred, will, 
when requested, be collected with the freight at Havre. A let- 
ter bag is at the New-York post-office, for aFrietters that may 
be sent by mail. Letters respecting either freight or passage, 
must be addressed, post-paid, to CRASSUS & BOYD, 

June, 1824. Agents, New- York. 

OLD LINE OF PACKETS FOR HAVRE. 

The proprietors of this line, at the solicitation of many of 
fheir friends, have resumed the regular departure of their ships 



404 ADVERTISEMENTS MeW- Yovlc, 



both from here and from Havre. In consequence one of them 
will leave this port on the 5th of every month, and from Havre 
the 25th of every month, commencing from here with 
The ship Henry, Airon Kemp, master, to sail from New-York 

on the 5th July, and from Havre on the 25th August. 
The ship Louis, J. R. Skiddy, master, to sail from New-York on 

the 5th August, and from Havre on the 25th September. 
The ship Stephaniah, R. J. Macy, master, to sail from New- 
York on the 5th September, and from Havre, on the 25th 
October. 
The ship Montano, Andrew Smith, master, to sail from New- 
York on the 5th October, and from Havre on the 25lh NovV. 
The ship Henry, Aaron Kemp, master, to sail from New-York 

on the 6th November, and from Havre on the 25th Decern. 
The ship Louis, J. R. Skiddy, master, to sail from New-York 

on the 5th December, and from Havre on the 25th January. 
The ship Stephaniah, R. J. Macy, master, to sail from New- 
York on the 5th January, and from Havre on the 25ih Fe- 
bruary, 
The ship VTontano, Andrew Smith, master, to sail from New- 
York on the 5th February, and from Havre on the 25th March. 
The ship Henry, Aaron Kemp , master, to sail from New York on 

the oth March, and fron) Havre on the 25th April. 
The ship Louis, J, R. Skiddy, master, to sail from New-York on 

the 5th April, and from Havre on the 25th May. 
The ship Stephaniah, R. J. Macy, master, to sail from New- 
York on the 5th May, and from Havre on the 25th June. 
The ship Montano, Andrew Smith, master, to sail from New- 
Ycrk on the 5th June, and from Havre, on the 25th July. 
These ships were all built in this city, coppered, and copper- 
fastened, and are too well known to need any further descrip- 
tion respecting their solidity, swiftness, accommodations, and 
the characters of their commanders. To facilitate the inter- 
course between the two ports, the price of passage in the cabin 
is reduced to $130, for which sum the passengers will be fur- 
nished with beds and bedding, wines and stores, of all kinds. 
For freight or passage, apply to the captains on board, or to 
FRANCiS DEPAU, 29 South St. or to 
June, 1824, DIA9 & MERLE. 

PACKET LINE OF SHIPS 

Between New-York and Charleston, consists of the following 
Ships. 

Calhoun, Capt. H. Allen, 

La Fayette, Thos. Janning, 

Empress, Wm. Sinclair, 

President,... ....... Wm. Jocelin, 



ADVERTISEMENTS J^e.lV-York, 405 

Niagara, Capt. J R. Crane, 

Franklin.. J. S. Munroe, 

Comiijodore Perry, Jno. Browne, 

^I^harhiston, Jennings. 

The above ships are all of the first class; coppered, and cop- 
per-fastened ; conmianded by men of great experience j liave 
very extensive accommodations for passengers, and at all times 
furnished with the best of stores. The p'oprielors assure the 
public, that every exertion will be given for the convenience 
and comfort of passengers. One ship will sail every Wednes- 
day and Saturday from New-York and Charleston. All goods 
addressed to their care, will be foswarQed without charge for 
storage or commission. In connection with this line, there is a 
line of steam-boatr, running from Chaileston to Augusta and 
Hamburgh, (four of which depart every week ffom Charleston,) 
which have spacious accommodations for passengers, and take 
freight at the lowest rates. In future, no delay will take place 
in Charleston. — For freight or passage, apply to 

PHELPS & PECK, 101, Front St., or 
O. MAURAiN, 33, Burling Slip, N. Y, 
And at Charleston, to TIMOTHY STREET & Co. 

SAVANNAH PACKETS— ESTABLISHED LINE. 

To sail from New-York on Saturday, and from Savannah on 
Tuesday, in each week, throughout the season. The following 
ships compose the line. 

Wiirnun Wallace, T. Wood, Master. 

Savannah, Wm. Beehe, 

Louisa Matilda, D. Wood, 

Angusta D. Van Dyke, 

Emperor, J. H.Bennett. 

The proprietors of tins line of packets, to ensure a speedy 
cc nveyancc for goods and passengers, have determined to de- 
spatch one of the above vessels from each place in every week, 
thiougiiout thft season. The above named, are first rate cop- 
per-fastened vt'S^els, and the masters experienced coasters. — 
Goods will be forwarded from this place, free from charge of 
storage or commissions. For freight or passage, apply to 

W ILLIAM VVHITLOCK, Jun. 70 South st. 
J. &L C. SEGLTNE, 86, C. H. Slip. 
The proprietors of the line iiaving made arrangements with 
the si*'!>ni- boat contpany in Savannah, to have all llieir goods 
shipped by tUeir line of packets destined for Augusta and Ham- 
burg, forwarded free from commissions or storage. Such goods ta 
be consigned to Ponce and McKenzie, in Savannah, with in- 
structions. The gteani boat company have six steam-boats, 



40G ADVERTISEMEXTS .A'Vu' TorA:. 

which leave Savannah two or three times in each week, and 
afford additional security over any other conveyance by steam- 
boats, in coiiseciueiice of the goods beitig shipped in tow-boats. 

REGULAR LINE 

Of New-York and Ualtnnore Packets, to sail every Saturday. 

Schr. Little William,..., L. Evins, master. 

Ontario,...,.. S. G rifling, ..do. 

Paragon,.., D. TI>ayer,..do. 

Mary Ann, R. S. Wood, do. 

Martha, Z. Denison,. do. 

Post Boy. J. Jones,.. ..do. 

The proprietors of this line of packets, at the urgent solici- 
tation of their customers, and to ensure a more certain and 
speedy convej'ance for goods and passengers, between New- 
York and Baltimore, have determined to despatch one of the 
above vessels from each place, on Saturday in every week, 
throughout the year, and flatter themselves that this arrange- 
ment will secure to them the })atronage of shippers generally. 
The vessels composing this line are all first rate vessels, com- 
manded by experienced coasters, who have been long acquaint- 
ed in the trade, and may be ensured at the lowest rates — the 
captains standing their own pilots both here and in the Ciiesa- 
peake Bay. 

Merchandise from the eastward, or elsewhere, will be receiv- 
ed and forwarded by this lin»!, free of any charge, and the ex- 
penses, if required, will be paid and collected at the port of 
destination. 

Shippers may depend on the strictest punctuality in tlie sail- 
ing of these vessels on the day appointed, with what freigiit 
may offer. — For freight or passage, apply to 

W. W.foDD, corner of Old Slipc<c Front st N. Y. it 
ISAIAH MANKIN, Smith's Wharf, Baltimore. 
*r* Isaiah Mankin transarrts commission business. Refer- 
ence to Messrs. A. Bininger & Son, and Wm. W. Todd. 

Note. — This very respectable line has been in successful 
operation since 1814. 

UNION LINE OF STEAM-BOATS AND STAGES. 

Between New- York and Philadelphia, by tlie steam-boats This- 
tle and Bellona, on the Raritan ; and Philadrlphia and Tren- 
ton, on the Delaware. 

The Bellona leaves New- York, from the north side of the 
Battery, every day except Sunday, at 6 o'clock, A. M. for 
New Brunswick; from thence takes co-aches to Trenton. Pas- 
sengers by her arrive in Philadelphia the same evening. 

The Thistle leaves New-York, from the north side of tlie 
Battery, every day exce|^t Sunday, at Jl o'clock, A. M, for 



ADVEHTISEMENTS XtZO- Yovk, 407 

*-'■ " ' ' _ , , , . , . 

New-Brunswick; from thence takes coaclies to Trenton, and 
there lodge. Passengers by her arrive in Philadelphia the next 
morning at 10 o'clock, in time to continue on in the regular line 
for Baltimore. June, 1824. 

CUMMING'S, ~^^ 

Successor to Aliens' OH Established and Truly Lucky Office, 
No. 122, Broadway, opposite the City Hotel, N. York, 
Where may be had tickets in the New- York State Lotteries, 
uncurrent bank notes, and prizes in Southern Lotteries, in pay- 
ment for tickets. All tickets in the Eastern and Southern Lot- 
teries examined, and Lottery information generally given gratis. 
BANK NOTES. 
Georgia, Pennsylvania, 

South Carolina, New Jersey, 

North Carolina, Massachusetts, 

Virginia, Rhode Island, 

Maryland, Vermont, 

District, Maine. 

And uncurrent notes generally bought on the lowest terms. 

Drafts and notes collected on most places throughout the 
Union. Highest premium given for English, i'ortugal, Spanish, 
and French gold. 

H. C YATES, 

New York Slate Lottery Office, No. 1*8, Broadway, N. York. 

H. C. YATES, 

New Jersey State Lottery Office, at Hoboken and Trenton, 

New Jersey. 
Cash will be paid, on demand ^ for prizes in either of the above 
Lotteries as soon as drawn. 

Orders enclosing cash, or prize tickets (post paid) in the New 
York, Philadelphia, New Jersey, or Baltimore Lotteries; will 
be thankfully received and promptly attended to, as personal 
applications, if addressed to H. C. Yates. 

T. V. MUxMFOUD'S 

New York State Lottery and Exchange Office, 200 Broadway, 
Nearly opposite the Franklin House. 
Notes of all the States in the Union exchanged and taken in 
payment, for Tickets. The highest premiunj given for gold. 
Bills and drafts on London, France, &c. bought and sf^ld. 

J^ g VATES & A. MINTYHl' 

Having contracted ^^ith ihe Trustees of Queens College, N. 
Jersey, for the Lotteries authorized by the laws, of that State 



403 ADVERTISEMENTS KtW-York, 

for the benefit of the Institution, announce to the public th:it 
they aie now in operntion, and will be conducted upon the 
same principles as tho^e under their management in the Slate 
of New-York. In an advertisement intended as a permanent one, 
if would be useless to insert the scheme of a single class, as it 
might be varie.. in a succeeding one. They will therefore con- 
fine themselves to staling, that tlie tickets will generally b« 
consicerably lower, the capital prizes smaller, but more nu-, 
merous than in the New York Lotteries; that the drawings will 
never on any account be postponed. Dealers will be supplied 
on the same terms from their New York and VVasnington (D.C.) 
offices. 

Letters addressed (post paid) to their Agent, William Seger, 
Jersey city, will meet with prompt attention. 

Gr& R. WAITES' ' 

Lottery and Exchange Offices, corner of Broadway and Fultori 
Streets, and corner of Broadway and Maiden Lane, New 
York. 
Corner of Third and Chesnut streets, Philadelphia. 
Corner of Charles and Market streets, Baltimore. 

Banknotes of all the States in the Union, exchanged on li- 
beral terms. The highest premium given for gold. 

FORTUNE'S HO iVIE* FOREVER I— 

P. CA.NFIELDS New York State Lottery Office, 139 Broad- 
way, New-York. 
P. CANFIELD'S Pennsylvania State Lottery Office, 129 Ches- 
nut stieet, (nearly opposite and between the Post Office and 
United States' Bank,) Pliiladelphia. 
P. CAN FIELD'S Maryland State Lottery Office, iSo Market, 

near Charlesstreet, BTllimore — 
Where have recently been sold and paid prizes of $ 25,000, 
gSO.OeO, $15,000, $10,000, g 5,000, &c. &c. together a- 
niouuting to more than HALF A MILLION OF DOLLARS, 
and where may be had many more Capital Prizes, for which 
the cash will, as usual, be advanced as soon as drawn. 

Orders enclosing the cash (post paid) will be thankfully re- 
ceived and promptly attended to as a personal application, if 
addressed to P. CANl-TELD, 

New York, Philadelphia, or Baltimore; 

Or to Wm. Prentiss, Agetit. Penn. Avenue, VN'ashingtoo rity. 

Foreign Bank Notes exchange(i as above, at the lowest rates 

of Disrouiit, and the highest premium paid for Gold and S|)a- 

nish Dollars. 

THOMAS iSTGKES & 30NS, 

No. 155, Broad VN'ay, Ni'w-York. la f^w doors north of the City 
Hotel,) Draip.irs ami j'ailois. Ladies ^i.-iint, Habits, Mili- 
tary and Naval Unilorms, a few doors north of the City 
Hotel. 



ADVERTISEMENTS — Xeio- York, 40^ 



DIRECTIONS: 

1. From the bottom of the collar to the hip buttons. 

2. From the collar to the bottom of the coat. 

3. From the middle of the back to the elbow. 

4. FroT!! the elbow to 2| inches below the wrist. 

5. Round the chest under the coat. 

6. Round the waist under the coat. 

7. The arm above elbow. 

8. The arm belnw elbow. 

9. From the middle of the collar seam behind down the fronf. 

for the length of the lappell. 

10. Lengtii of breeches from the top of the hip to the knee, 

and for pantaloons to the ancle. 

11. Round the upper part of the thiglu 

12. Round above the knee, 

13. Round below the knee. 

14. Round the calf. 

15. Round the ancle. 

The height of the person to be sent. 

The respective lengths and widths to be stated in inches. 

UNITED STATES' CLOTHING WAREHOUSE. 

J. T. JACOBS & Co., Merchant Tailors, Corner of Maiden 
Lane and Nassau street, respectfully inform their friends and 
the public, that they have now on hand anextensive assortment 
of Heady made Clothing, consisting of frock coals, dress coats, 
coatees, pantaloons and vests, assorted sizes of the latest fash- 
ions, and a superior style of workmanship. Summer coatees, 
round jackets and pantaloons, of Canton camblets, bombazines, 
bombazetts, Circassians, pongees, striped Denmark satin, dril- 
lings plain and striped, florintines, &c. &:c. Children's dresses 
and youths' clothing, constantly on hand. 

J. T. JACOBS & Co. assure their friends and the public, 
that their present assortment comprises as fresh and as great a 
variety as can be lound in the city. All of which they will sell 
at reduced prices. 

S'jufhern and Western Merchants are respectfully invited to 
call and examine their stock of clothing, which will be sold 
on tiK: lowest possible terms, by the case or package, for cash 
or »p;.roved endorsed paper. 

'~~ SCOFIELD, PHELPS, & HOWARD, 

Drapers and tailors, No. 88 Broad Way, corner of Wall Street 
New-York. 

JOJ.EPH JUEL,~ ~^ 

Hat manufactory. No. L94, Broadway, New- York, 
Has constantly on hand an extensive assortment of mens' 
35 



4 1 (3 ADVERTISEMENTS — Xew- York. 

beaver, castor, and rorams, water proof hats, of every variety 
and shape. 

Also, youths' and boys' hats, childrens fancy do. which he 
offers wholesale and retail, on the most favourable terms. — All 
orders promptly attended to. 

' J. WILSON, 

Water proof hat manufacturer,No. 160, Broadway, New-York, 
Has constantly on hand, hats of every description, of the 
newest fashions, adapted to all seasons, of the best qualities, 
and at the lowest prices ; including the most splendid niilitary 
hats. 



J. & L. BREWSTER, 

Hat makers, No. 102, Broadway, New-York. 
This old established manufactory, is well known as furnish- 
ing hats, of every description, of superior quality, on the most 
reasonable terms. 

SPECTACLE, CANE, AND THERJMOMETER 
MANUFACTORY. 

JAMES DEAMER, No. 38, Maiden Lane, near Nassau St. 
keeps constantly on hand, (of his own manufacture and impor- 
tation,) wholesale and retail, a large assortment of gold, sil- 
ver, tortoise shell, steel, iron, spectacles, with concave and con- 
vex flint glass, and pebbles: also, green, blue, &c. Shade 
glasses, adapted to every description of sight. A great assort- 
ment of walking canes, mounted with gold, silver, ivory and 
>uck horn. Biewer''s, parlour, and other thermometers. Bar- 
ometers, hydrometers, and sacrometers ; nucmscopes, botanic 
leiises. Opera, and spy glasses, day and niglit telescopes. 
Mathematical instruments, magic lanterns, and a general as- 
sortment of optical instruments, and fancy goods. 

'' F. PHlLlP, 

Hair-dresser, from Paris, 

Manufactures ladies' and gentlemen's wigs, scalps, and curls, 
of every description. 

N. B. A choice collection of all the articles connected with 
his business. 

253, Broadway, New-York. 

COURT OF FANCY, 
N. SMITH PRENTISS, repository of utility and elegance^ 

sign of the Golden Rose, No. 149, Broadway, New- York. 

Xhis ^-ell known establishment continues to preserve its char- 
a,cttjr for furnishing the public with the choice, and rare, of 



ADVERTISEMENTS JS''t7V-\ork, 41 1 



every article in its extensive line of business : ladies and gen- 
tlemen ma 31- rest assured tliat tuch articles as they may have 
occasion for, where luxury can be combined with utility, will 
here be found, with those united qitalities. Every article of 
tlie lady's toilet, of the choicest variety ; fancy ornaments of 
every desriptiou 

PERFTJxMERY AND COSMETICS, 
of unrivallevi excellence, either of foreign or domet-tic n>anufac- 
lure. Every article tlnit has been found instruiv.enlal, in the 
ercation and preserralion of beaut)/., can be furnished of supe- 
rior quality, and promptly on demand. 

N. S. Prentiss, most respectfully invites ladies and gentlemen, 
of the city, strangers and travellers, through it, to honour hifiJ 
with a call at his Reposiiori) of Fashion. 
June IS'i-i-. 

JOSEPH GALLIS, ~~ 

Hair Dresser and Perfumer, No. 4, Wall Street, New-York, 
Has greatly enlarged his establishment, and rendered it f(»r 
weatness and elegnuce, equal to any in the Union, particularly 
in the shaving department, where every comfort and conveni- 
ence can be had. ^^ 

Gallis has the honour to announce to the lal^ and gentle- 
men, that his store, which is distinct from the dressing room, rS 
furnished with every variety of fancy alicles. He has received 
a very fine assortment of the best Paris and London perfumery, 
consisting of tlie best cologne water, that ha-i ever been impor- 
ted in this city, antique oil, genuine bears oil, Rowlands Mac- 
easser oil, Princess Russia oil, pomatum of every description, 
real Persian otto of roses, in elegant cut glass bottles, best dou- 
ble distilled rose, lavender, and honey waters, together with a 
great variety of ?oaps, cunvbs. teeth, nail, and shaving brushes ; 
razors, strops, gentlemens' drej?sing cases, shaving cases, travel- 
ling pouches, '/tc. fee. 

Also, elej^ant suspenders, fine cactor gloves, kid and buck* 
skin, musical work boxes, snuff-boxes, and elegant cut glass 
toilet bottles. 

Orders from the country, thankfully received. 

Hair cuttint^, and dressing, done in the first style of elegance. 

Those gentleman, v. ho may please to honour him with their 
patronagp, may depend on the most j)artitular and respectful 
attendance. 
July 1824. 

E. W. BRIDGES, 

City Surveyor, Law Buildings. 
Estates, towti?hips, or any tract of land accurately surveyed 



♦ J 2 A D V E R T I S E xM E N T S A'c tO - Yo vk. 



Hnd mapped. Obsolete and defaced plans restored, copied, re- 
riuced, or enlarged. 

Trigonometrical surveys, levels, &c. taken for canals, aque- 
ducts, or other engineering purposes, civil or military. 

New York, 1824. 

_ G. fc C. CARVILL, 

(Successors to J. Eastburn & Co.) importers and dealers in 
Foreign and American Books: Agents for the Edinburgh, Quar- 
ierly, and North American Reviews. 

Literary Rooms, No. l08, Broadway, New York. 

PETER MAVEPtICK, 

Engraver, J^o. 342, Broadway, New-York. 

ROBERT LOVETT, 

Stone Seal Engraver and Jeweller, No. 249, Broadway, cor- 
ner of Murray street, New-York, will engrave seals of every 
description, on ston« or n)etal«, in the best manner. 

A handsome assortment of Jewelry and Fancy Goods, for 
sale at low pncjss, and any article of Jewelry or Silver Ware, 
made to order. ' 

All kinds of precious stones bought in the rough, or cut to 
any form. Iti case any piece of work executed at this establish- 
ment, should not give entire satisfaction, no pay will be re- 
quired. Ordeis from any part of the United States attended t9 
with the same promptitude as personal application. 

NORTH'S 

Jewehy and Fancy Store, Broadway, corner of Vesey st., 
New York, containing the most splendid variety of articles in 
the above line. Elegant watclies, silver and plated ware, cut- 
lery and fancy goods of every description, wholesale and retail, 
at the lowest prices. 

GOLD PATENT LEVER WATCHES. 

STEPHEN REED, No. l67, Broadway, 3 doors south of 
Courtlandt street. New York, importer of Robert Roskbell's 
Patent Lever Watches, fine Duplex, Sepine, and Fancy, La- 
dies and Gentlemens' Gold Watches, in great variety. 

A large and splendid assortment of mantle piece Clocks, gilt, 
marble, and alabaster. Diamonds, pearls, and fine precious 
stones, garnets, rubies, emeralds, <tc. both in a manufactured 
and unmanufactured state; coral, pf all sizes; oeail, sets 
:Vf,ni !g 100 to $ 350. 



ADVERTISEMENTS — New-York, 413 



Paste and jet work, filagree do., fine gold chains, seals, and 
keys, of first quality and workmansl-iip. Silver tea and coffee 
sets, tea and table spoons and forks, &c. &c. Plated ware 
and fancy goods; all which will be sold low for cash, or ap- 
proved paper, wholesale and retail. Watch makers' and Jewel- 
lers' tools and materials, glasses, «fec. of all kinds. A first rate 
watchmaker is employed in said store, capable of repairing any 
watches or cronometers which may be offered to repair. I)u- 
plise and virgule wheels made and put in, in the best manner. 

Note. — S. Reed, proprietor of the above establishment, is 
one of the most extensive importers of goods in his line in the 
United States; his assortment comprises articles the most ele- 
gant and fashionable. 

JOHN T. BOYD & Co. 

Furniture Auction Store, l37 Broadway, (one door from the 
City Hotel,) where, at public and private sale, may be had in 
the greatest variety, both new and second hand furaiture, suit- 
able for the first style in every department of house-keeping, 
and at the most reduced prices. Their articles are all warrant- 
ed to be of ihe best workmanship and materials, consisting of 

Side boards, beaureaus, secretaries, bookcases, sofas, chairs, 
&c. ; dining, card and pier tables, dressing, do. piano fortes, 
and music stools; mahogany bed steads, hair mattrasses, mantle 
and pier looking glasses, mantle prints ; silver lamps and candle 
sticks, chandeliers, and chrystal ware, in variety of tastes and 
figures, (fee. &c. 

Without going into a tedious enumeration of farther partic- 
ulars, it may be said that this long established and permanent 
furniture warehouse and auction store, will at a great saving 
tn the purchaser, afford whatever comfort or luxury in house- 
keeping may require. 

JAMES COOK, 

Brush Manufacturer, 

From Philadelphia, respectfully informs his friends, and the 
ipublic, that he has opened a brush warehouse, at No. 177, 
Broadway, three doors above Maiden Lane, and also, anoth-.-r, 
at 142, Water Street, where he offers for sale, wholesale and 
retail, a general assortment of fancy brushes, of the latest and 
most approved patterns, consisting of fancy cloth s, hat p-ne- 
trating hair, hearth, flesh, table, silver wired, toot' brushes Sec. 

Also, the muchapproved Saggina clothes brushes, niade fiom 
the roots of a tree, growing on the mountains of Italy and the 
new invented, electric hair brushes, superior to any other kind 
now in use. All sorts of common brushes, fancy and cornmon 
bellows; all of which will be disposed of at the Fbiladeiph'a 
35* 



4 1 4 ADVERTISEMENTS — J\'ew- York, 

prices. Also, painters brushes, of every description. Russia 
bristles, of the first quality, &c. &c. 

Southern merchants, and others, who have been in the habiT; 
of purchasing Philadelphia made brushes, are respectfully invi- 
'ted to call. 

New-York, July 1824. 

LYNCH & CLARKE, 

No. 10, Wall street, No. 252, Broadway, and Saratoga Springs, 
MINERAL WATER DEPOT. 
The waters of all the different springs, bottled, and received 
in N. Y. three times a week, securely packed, and may be had in 
any quantity at the shortest notice. 

jQpjj^ g DODD& Co. ~ 

1,81, Broadway, (between Dey and Courtlandt Streets,) New- 
York, chemists, druggists, apothecaries, &c. 

Where families, and the public in genera), can be supplied 
with genuine medicines, perfumery, foreign and domestic ; also, 
medicine chests for private families or ships, completely fitted up 
a.t the shortest notice. 

N. B, Bleeding, cupping, teeth extracting', leeching, &c. 
Seidlitz, Rochelle, and soda powders. 

A. C. SMETS & Co. 

Dress makers, and French fancy store, of embroidered work, 
thread lace, &;c. No. 157, Broadway, New-Yoik. 
Ladies residing iii the city, either permanently, or for a short 
time, are respectfully informed, that dresses will be made as 
above, in the neatest, and most fashionable manner, and on the 
diortest notice. 

Mrs. CANTELO'S, 

Fashionable corset ware house, wholesale and retail, No. 
258, Broadway, New- York. 
AGENCIES. 
Mrs. Snyder, 121, Chesnut Street, Philadelphia. 
Mrs. Boyce, corner of King, and Society Streets, Charles- 
ton, S. C. 

Miss. Procter, G3, Newbury Street,- Boston. 
Miss Alexander, S. Gay Street, Baltimore. 

Mrs. M PADDOCK, 

Milliner, No. 15o, Fulton Street, New- York. 
N. B. Riding habits embroidered, and made in the newest 
fashion. Dresses and pt-iissee, by Mrs. Turtle. 



ADVERTISEMENTS — ■Miscellaneous. 4 1.5 

MISCELLANEOUS. 



SANS SOUCI HOTEL. 

The subscriber hereby informs the public, that his boarding 
establishment, so well known in the United States, is now rea- 
dy for the reception of company. He flatters himself that, by 
bis assiduous exertion to please and accommodate his guests, 
that liis house will be deservedly approved by those who make 
it a place of resort, as well for amusement and relaxation, as 
for the benefit of the medicinal waters. His liquors will be 
choice and select; and Congress water, and the waters of other 
springs in the vicinity, will be daily procured, *u a pure state 
from the original fountains. Several lines of daily stages will 
stop at the above establishment; and coaches,for parties or 

single horses, can at all times be had on the shortest notice. 

His price of board will be jgS per week for individuals ; and for 
gentlemen with their families, who engage board for one month 
or more, g6 per week for each person, and a further deduction 
of one half for children and servants. In short, the subscriber 
intends his establishment shall be so managed in all respects as 
to render it to all who may please to call on him, satisfactory 
pleasant and agreeable. HARVY LOOMIS. ' 

Ballston Spa, June 1st. 1824- 

'NB. — A female seminaiy of the first respectability, conduct- 
ed by Mr. L. Booth, late from Albany, will be established in the 
village, on the first July next, where young ladies can be in- 
structed in any branch of female education. 

THE PAVILION— SARATOGA Sp"rinGS. 

MRS. LEWIS, widow of Nathan Lewis, respectfully in- 
rorms the numerous fi lends of her late husband, and the pub- 
.ic, that she continues the above elegant establishment Con- 
siderable improvements have been made since last season. The 
bed-rooms are aiiy, and beds of first quality; the wines and 
liquors are of the purest kind ; and &]>e feels confident that'the 
arrangements n)ade for the comfort and convenience of her 
guests, are such as will ensure a liberal share of patronage for 
nerself and family. july^ igc,^^ 



BELMONT. HALL, 

Schooley's Alountain Springs, Nert'-Jersey, 
Is now open and ready for the reception and accommodation 
of visitors. The establishment is sufficiently larije to accom- 
modate upwards of 100 persons ; it is 4 stories hich and si^tua- 
ted on the most elevated part of the mountain ^ ev^ery improve- 
ment has been added that could be suggested, to re.nder it in 
every respect a desirable residence for the conifort and conre- 



4JQ ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous^ 

nience of its visitors. The hall is elegantly furnished, and the 
■subscribers have been particularly careful in their selection of 
wines, and in procuring good and obedient waiteis. Billiard 
tables, nine-pin alleys, shuffle-boards, quoits, swings, tilts, &c. 
together with plana fortes, and a good collection of musical in- 
strumer.ts, have been added to the establishment. A band of 
music is also engaged here during the season. — Saratoga waters 
are constantly kept here, fresh from the springs, so that visitors 
can enjoy the benefit of those waters and Schooley's mountains, 
at the same time. As an additional convenience, the post of- 
fice has been lately removed to Belmont Hall. 

The situation of Belmont Hall is on the most pleasant part 
of the mountain, commanding a very extensive and beautiful 
prospect of the surrounding country. The salubrity of the air, 
and established qualities of the mineral waters, render this 
a most desirable retreat d-uring the summer months, for invalids 
or persons of pleasure. June, 1824. 

Stages leave Patten's stage-house. No. 71, Conrtlandt street, 
New-York, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, for the 
Springs, and the Swan Tavern, North Third street, Philadel- 
phia, on the same days. C BOWNE & SON. 

N. B, — Carriages and horses always to let. 

EXTRACT, 

From a notice in the Pnlladium of Liberty. 

<< We have not been among those whose means have enabled 
them to test the peculiar advantages of these resorts, but from 
the information of those who have, and from a general conside- 
lation of the qualifications of each, we should think the one at 
Scfiooley''s Mountain possesses advantages over the others, suf- 
ficient to claim for it a decided preference. Whilst preparations 
■early, or altogether, similar in their effects upon the system, 
are abundantly manufactured by the chemist every where, winch 
cbviate the necessity of seeking the waters of almost every other 
mineral spring, \\\e pure cehbtate of Schooley's iVlountain de- 
fies the power of the most skilled in the science. Similarity 
lias frequently been attempted, but in vain have been sought 
from these preparations, a similar efiect to that experienced from 
the pure stream from the rock. 

*' The country through which we approach this summit, of at 
least 600* feet above tit^e water, is agreeably interspersed with 
hills and dales, forests and hamlets, aftbrding a scenery highly 
picturesque and beautiful. The roads are generally good, and 

* This is an error; it should be risiiig 2,000 feet. The canal 
commissioners have computed the elevation of Schooley's mount 
to be rising 800 feet above tide water, where the canal route 
crosses it, and that is about the lowest point of elevation. 



ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscdlrmeous 4 1 7 

lie over a rolling country, foraiirig gentle and easy declivities 
through the vihole route. 

"The accon)niodations are of the very first order. The Messrs. 
Bownes deserve much credit for the exertions, which l)ave beea 
made by thein to improve and embellish their beautiful estab- 
iishmenf, well known by the name of Bel. tonl Hall, at an ex- 
pense of some 20,000 dollars, they have taken unwearied pains 
to be able to furnish eveiy species of innocent amusement and 
recreation; and certainly deserve the jMtionage of the public" 

MANSION HOUSE, ^ 

No. 349, North Market Street, Albany, N. Y. 
Kept by J. W. ROCKWELL. 

It is situated in a pleasant, business part of the city, in the 
vicinity of the several Banks and Post office. The street at 
this place is wide and pleasant, the house large and commodious, 
suitable for the accommodation of ladies and gentlemen tra- 
velling for health or pleasure. All who may favour him with 
their custom, may be assured that every attention will be paid 
to them to make their stay agreeable while at this house. 

7'he Best Horses and Carriaaes, provided on the most rea- 
sonable terms; also sear this house will be despatched evening 
and morning, two beautiful Canal boats, exclusively for passen- 
gers, to ply as a daily line on the canal between Albany and 
Schenectady, to leave this at nine A. M. passing in full view of 
the city of Troy, and ascending the canal by a number of locks. 
The traveller is presented with a delightful prospect of the cele- 
brated Cahoes Falls, thence crossing the Mohawk river twice in 
aqueducts to Alexander bridge, where a line of Post coaches 
will be in waiting to carry such passengers as wish to visit 
Saratoga a nil Bailston Springs &c. The scenery on this route 
is said to be the most romantic and pleasing of any part of the 
Grand Canal. 

^ CAAiDEN VAUXHALL, 

In Market street, a few steps above the Ba'nk, N. J., directly 
opposite to Philadelphia, and but a few minutes passage in 
steam or horseboats^ grateful to the ])ublic for the liberal en- 
couragement wliich i have heretofore received, and desirous of 
becoming more and more wortii}'^ of that liberalit)', beg leave 
to announce to my friends and the public in general, that the 
garden is now open for those who may favour me with their 
company. Festival bancjuets, dinners, repasts, relishes, Szc. &Lc. 
shall be promptly prepared with delicacy, taste, and order of 
exqviisite cookery and at moderate prices, and the bar stored 
with choice liquors of the richest quality and flavour. Boarders 
can be accommodated with boarding and lodging, by the year, 
JWOnth, week, or day, by the publick's humble servant, 

JOSEPH LETOURNO. 



4 1 8 ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous. 



JACOB HERBERT, 

Rising Sun Hotel, Trenton, N. J. 
To this long established and well known hotel, travellers are 
most respectfnlly invited, as it is the determiiifition of the pre- 
sent proprietor to merit a libernl patronage from genteel travel- 
lers, families, parties, &c. with the conveniences, comforts, and 
luxuries, w liich his extensive house, his assiduous attention, and 
the market will afford. ^^ 

BELLONA HALL, 

New Brunswick, at New Brunswick, New-Jevsej'-. 
The public are respectfully informed that this establishment 
has lately been very much enlarged for the more convenient ac- 
coniinodation of travellers. It is connected with the steam boats 
Thistle and Bellona, that form a part of the Union line be- 
tween New-York and Philadelphia. It is situated in the vi- 
cinity of the Landing place of the Steamboats, which renders it 
convenient to j)ersons travelling in those Boats — large and exten- 
sive stables are attached to it, and carriages and horses will be 
furnished to persons travelling to any part of tlie slate — With 
t!)ese advantages of situation, the proprietor solicits a portion of 
he public patronage. C. VANDERVIEL. 

ISew Brunswick, June 1st, 1824 

WILLIAM SEGER, JERSEY CITY. 

Offers his services to determine the true value of Leasehold 
instates, Rights of Dower, Legacies, Annuities, andpaymenls in 
reversion, annuities certain, life annuities, rights of survivorship, 
commutation of water rents, rights of lessees in property, taUea 
for pubUr purposes ; and generally all kin>ls of pecuniary riglits, 
not acluall}/ in possession, or which are in any way dependent 
on life 01 time. -Having a practical acquaintance with the 
priiic)j)les, and calculations b}' whicii the real value of such pro- 
perty is ascertained, he believes he can rerider essential services 
in its purchase and sale. Letters addressed to him (post-paid) 
at Jersey City, N. J. will meet with pron.pt attention, or they 
may be left with Mr. iMceker, at the Jersey ferry house, at the 
foot or Courtlandt street, N. Y. 

"hORTOiN'S HOTEL, FKOViDENCE, R. L 

It may be said with truth, tliat no Town in the United States 
perhaps oft'ors more con. fort to travellers, either as families, se- 
lect parlies, individuals, than f/o'^on'* Ho/f/; delightfully situa- 
ted near the centre of the town, on elevated -ground, which Over- 
looks the town and harbpur. — within theldst year it has under- 



ABVERTiSEMENTS — Miscellaneous. 419 

gone very extensive improvements; a spacious iioube has been 
afUied to the former establishment, expressly for ladies or fami- 
lies, htterJ up in the neatest and most commodioiis style. In the 
front are shaded Piazzas, connected with their parlours, and 
retired not only from other visitors to, but from the dust and ob- 
servation of the street. Carriages and gigs, with the best hor- 
ses and careful drivers, may be haci at the shortest notice, ei- 
ther foi: short rides, or journeys ; the stage books are kept at 
the Bar.-^-The establishment on the whole offers a more healthy, 
inviting, and agreeable summer residence for strangers, than 
any other in the state of Rhode Island. The house is provided 
with the best servants. — Wines and liquors, and an ordinary, 
is served up-at half past one o'clock. 
Providence, April 29th, 1024. 

ROSSBURG, PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, Md. 
BY Mr. LANDHAM. 

This well known and respectable Stage Hotel, is situa- 
ted in a very pleasant country, in whose fields and forests 
abound a great variety of game, which, together with the other 
rural objects, render it a desirable place for an excursion fro r 
Washington and Baltimore. The Hotel is in too high repute a% 
a mansion, calculated for the most genteel company, to need 
any farther remarks. From Rossburg to Montgomery C. H. l8 
miles; Upper Marlborough, 21 miles; Washington, 9 miles, 
Bahimore, 28 miles. 

JAMES A. BAYARD'S HOTEL, 

Opposite the Town Hall, Wilmington Delaware. 
ELI LaMBORN acknowledges the liberal patronage confer- 
ed by a generous public, and fondly hopes that his superior ac- 
commodations, together with a determination to give general 
satisfaction, will sanction his presumitig' on a continuance and 
increase of their favours. 

N. B. Horses, Gigs, Coaches &c. kept for hire. 
Note. The James A. Bayard Hotel, so named from being the 
residence of the distinguished Citizen, profound Lawer, and em- 
inent Politician, late of Delaware, is a large convenient and 
genteel Hotel of the nigliest respectability, and kept in a style 
which mevits its present liberal and increasing patrojaage. Fam- 
ilies, travelling parties of Ladies and Gentlemen, and the citi- 
zens ot various parts of the Union who may visit Wilmington, 
one of the most beautiful towns perhaps in thetvorld, will find the 
Bayard Hotel one among the best ;n the borough, or in the Uni- 
ted States. The following lines of stages run to and from the 
Hayaid i^otel. Travellers by thp following Routes take notice, 
That the Wihnington, Fhiladdpkiai Eikion, Dover and Ches- 
teriown Mail Hinges, leaves and arrives at the subscriber's, in 



420 ADVERTiSEMExVTS — Miscellaneous, - 

the folio wiog order, viz: Philadelphia and Wil'ran::;ton Mail 
StagCy via Darby and Chesler, will run daily, leavin;^; both pla- 
ces at 7 o''ciock, A. M. and arrive at one o'clock, P. M. For 
seats to Philadelphia, apply at Ali Lamborn's Inn, Wilmington, 
sign of James A Bayard ; and for seats to Wilmington, apply 
at the United States' General Mai' Stu^^e Office, No. 30, south 
Third-si. ; at Patterson's Inn, sign of Robinson Crusoe, No. 23 
south Third street; at Hieskell's Hotel. No 1-5, south Fourth 
street, and 'J'aylor's Inn, (Cress Keys) No. 18, north Fourth 
street, Philadelphia. Fare, ^1. 

WILMINGTON AND ELKTON MAIL STAGE, 
Via J^'eivport and Christiana, will run daily, (Sundays ex- 
cepted) — leaving George Peacock's Inn, Elkton, at 6 o'cloi;k, 
A. M. and arrive at Wilmington at 10 o'clock, A. }\. Return- 
ing, leaves Eli Lamborn'sinn, sign of James Eayard, at 1 o'clock, 
P. M. and arrives at Elkton at 5 o'clock, P. M. — this line is 
continued to Frenchtown, and arrives in time for the Baltimore 
Steamboat. Fare ^1 50. 

WILMINGTOPf AND GEORGETOWN 
Mail stage^ via J^ew-Castle, Si. Georges, Canticeils Bridge, 
Smyrna, Dover and Milford, will run three times a week — lea- 
ving Eli Lamborn's Inn, Wilmington, every Monday, V/ednes- 
day and Friday, at 7 o'clock, A. M. and arrives at Georgetown 
the next day at ^ o'clock, P. M. Return-ng, leaves Georgetown 
on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fiidays, at 7 o'clock, A. M. 
and arrives at 5 o'clock P. M. the next day — Fare through 
^5 25 — this line is connected with the Virginia Mail Stage 
line, Wm. D. Waples being a proprietor in both lines, which 
leaves Millsborough every Wednesday morning, passing through 
Berlin, Folartown, Snowhill, Horn-town, jAccomac - Court 
House, Bell- Haven, Franktovvn, and North Hampton Court 
House, 'Virginia, to Hayd's Fmry, from thence crossing the 
Chesapeake Bay to Norfolk. 

WILMINGTON AND CHESTERTOWN 
Mail Stage, via Middletnwn, Warwick, and G eorgetown Cross 
Roads, will run three times a wetk, leaving Eli Lamborn's Inn, 
"Wilmington, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at 7 
o'clock A. M. and arrive at 5 P. M. Returning leaves Pea- 
cock's Inn, Chestertown, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Satur- 
days, at 7 o'clock, A. M. and rrrives at Wilmington, at five o- 
clock, P. M. — this line is connected with the Easton IMail Stage. 
Fare to Chestertown, J^3 ELI LAMBORjV, Proprietor. 
1824. 

IN TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. 

UNION STEAM BOAT HOTEL, by .^aron O. Shuff, 
connected with the Union Line of Steamboats and Stages, via 



ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous. 42 1 



Trenton, Princeton, and Brunswick, the most eligible, expedi- 
tious, and pleasant route, between Philadelphia and New-York, 
and which is advertised in the great line of communications 
from Washington to the N. East extremity of the Union. The 
above mentioned Hutel is most delightfully situated on the Dela- 
ware river, near the Steamboat Landing, in Bloomsburg, one 
of the principal environs of Trenton. This Mansion House is 
spacious, convenient, and every way furnished and conducted 
on the most suitable style for genteel travellers. The Delaware 
flows before it; beyond which, and in full view, is the beautiful 
village of Morrisviile, and the not less interesting, fertile, and 
highly cultivated farms of Pennsylvania. The last mentioned 
town is connected to Bloomsburg by Trenton Bridge, an inter- 
esting piece of architecture. But what is principally to be con- 
sidered as a temporary residence for travellers, families from the 
south, &.C. in the warm months; the situation of the Union Steam- 
boat hotel is airy, salubrious, and extremely healthy. It 
also has the advantages of proximity to the Steamboat Land- 
ing, without the common imposing expenses levied on travellers 
by hack owners, who convey passengers from more remote parts 
of Trenton. It is, in short, without prejudice or partiality, one 
of the most eligible and best kept public houses between Phila- 
delphia and New-York. And after long sustnining that char- 
acter in the public estimation, which is the best test of merit, it 
is only necessary to observe that this statement is made by a 
journctlist not to raise the estimation of the house, but merely to 
give that notice of it in this work, which may render it still bet- 
ter known as one among those first rate houses selected for ad- 
vertisement in the National Directory. 
October, 1824. 

E. BLISS and E. WHITE, No. 128 Broadway, have re- 
published from the London copy, a Work, in one octavo volume, 
entitled, 

"THE PRESENT STATE OF ENGLAND in regard to 
Agriculture, Trade, and Findnce ; with a comparison of the 
prospects of England and France. By Joseph Lowb, Esa." 
Dedicated to Wii.mam Manning, Esa. M. P., and a Direc- 
tor of the Bank of England. 

The leading articles of the Table of Contents of this intereS" 
ting volume, are — 

CHAPTER I. 

Eve s of the war, from 1793, viewed in connexion with our 
nation resources. 

CHAPTER XL 

Magnitude of our Expenditure and Sources of our Financial 
Supplies. — How far defrayed by loans, how far by taxes — 
36 



422 MyvE^KTiSEiiESTS— Miscellaneous. 



What were the sources of these great supplies ? — Increase of 
emploj'ment during the war — Consequent increase of our reve- , 
rue — Increase of our population — Estimate of our taxable in- 
come at different periods, fro>n 1792 to 1814 — Exemption from 
cash payments— The public not aware of the reaction to be ap- 
prehended at a peace. 

CHAPTER III. 

General Rise of Prices during the War. — The causes speci- 
fied — Annual expense of our army, navy, and ordriance, from 
1791 to 1815 — Effect of this expenditure on the price of commo- 
dities — Exemplified by the rise of lands, houses, and other real 
propertj' — How far was this rise nominal? — The case of money 
property, such as loans on mortgage — " Change in the value 
of money ;" this expression defitted. 

CHAPTER IV. 

Our Currency and Exchanges since 1792. — Historical sketch 
of the exchanges since 1792 ; and of the effects of our corn im- 
ports and subsidies — Tabular statement of these imports and 
subsidies — Our inconvertible bank paper; contradictory opin- 
ions on that subject The bank restriction act — The opinion of 
the bullion committee on that act — Effects of that act in aug- 
menting the disposable funds of biinkers, facilitating discounts, 
and prerenting the rise of interest — -The question of deprecia- 
tion and over-issue : Difference between an addition to the stock 
of bank paper and an increase of metallic currency — Discounts ; 
their increase during the war— Discounts, tended in some respects, 
to retard the rise of prices — Discounts greatly facilitated by the 
exemption from cash payments — Effects, in a political sense, of 
that exemption — Depreciation ; distinction between depreciation 
of bank paper, and a diminution in the value of money gens- 
rally. 

CHAPTER V. 

Section I. — Historical Sketch of (he Corn Trade from 168R, 
to 1819. — Causes of these fluctuations; the effect of our corn 
laws greatly overrated — Causes of fall since the peace. 

Sj:cTioN II. — Siluntion and Prospects of our Jtgriculturists. 
— Effect on the price of corn of increasing population — Effect 
of a bad season — Prospect of prices ; circumstances conducive 
to a rise — Circumstances which render a low price probable. 

Section III. — A protecting Duty. — Comparative burdens on 
French and British agriculture — Are our manufactures bene- 
fited by protecting duties .' — Danger of an over-extension of 
tillage — Objections to a high import duty — Tendency of our 
legislation to ultimate freedom of trade — A free import of corr) 
arguments for and against it, 

CHAPTER VI. 

Poor-rate. — Amount of poor-rate in the different years from 
1»13 to l822--Reduciion since 1818— Workhouses— Manage- 



ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous, 423 



mentofthe poor in Scotland and France — Compat-ative com 
fort of the labouring classes at different periods — Is our poor- 
law system beneficial to the lower orders? — Repeal of taxes 
on the necessaries of life. 

CHAPTER VII. 

Population. — Penury of early ages — Effect of increasing pop- 
ulation — Average increase of population — Leading ideas of 
Mr. Malthus and Mr. S. Gray — Effect of easy coinnninication — 
Effect of the Protestant Religion — Connexion between the in- 
crease of population and increase of national wealth — Compar- 
ison of public burdens in different parts of Europe — A'eallh of 
town population — The comforts of the lower oiders increase a« 
society advances — Statistical table of Europe in 1823, viz. the 
comparative taxation and population of different countries. 
CHAPTER VIH. 

On the JValional Revenue and Capital. — Table of our })resent 
taxable income — Connexion between the increase of our num- 
bers and that of our national income — France ; her national 
income compared with that of England. 
CHAPTER IX. 

Effect of the War on property, individual arid national. — 
The national debt — Effect of a state of war on the habits of in- 
dividuals — Losses on the transition from war to peace — Our 
probable situation had peace peen preserved — The late wars 
examined by moral considerations — Reduction of income since 
the peace — Effect on our public debt of the rise in the value 
of money — Have our public naen, smce 1793, understood our 
financial situation? — Mr. Pitt — The successors of Mr. Pitt — 
The opposition — Strictures on the education of our public men 
■ — Their conduct of the late wars — Their conauct of our inter- 
nal affairs. 

CHAPTER X. 

Section I — Fluctuations in the Value of money. — Effects 
of a state of war — Causes which affect the value of money — 
Supply of specie from the mines— Circulation of bank paper. 

Section II. — Plan for lessening the injury from Fhcclua" 
Hon, and giving a uniform Value to J\Ioney Incomes. 
CHAPTER XL 

Section I. — Our Finances. — The national debt — Fluctua- 
tions in the price of stock since 1720 — Mr. Pitt's administra- 
tion — The sinking fund ; its limited operation — Compound in- 
terest a delusion — Advantages of a low rate of interest of 
money — Objeciiofls to a large sinking fund — Comparative taxa- 
tion of England and France. 

Section II. — Our prospects in Commerce and Finance. — 
Computed increase of our national income — Its surprising in- 
crease in the course of last century — Parallel of the resources 
of England and France. 



424 ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous, 

Section III. — Views of Finance suggested by our Situation 
and prosjitcls. — Reljef that would arise from a reduction of 
taxes — Objections answered — M. Neckar ; his plan of finance — 
the question of a small annual loan in lieu of tax"es ; State of 
the iuonied interest — Transmission of capital to foreign coun- 
tries — Mr. Pitt; his ability in finance. 

MAYNARD & NOYES' INK POWDER, & hVK. 

I'he manufacturers have spared neither pains nor expense in 
their efforts to bring these articles to a state of perfection. 
Good VVriling Ink is a thin, uniform fluid — has a lively bluioh- 
black colour — flows freely from the pen, and penetrates a little 
into the paper. In a short time, its colour will pass to a rich, 
beautiful, and per,nanent black. It is formed by comb'/iing 
the oxide of iron witli gallic acid and tannin, while dilused 
through an acqueous menstruai, thickened a little with mucil- 
age. It is the result of the chemical action of such substan- 
ces upon each other, as contain these principles ; and in ma- 
king an Ink Powder, those are to be chosen which afifoids them 
in the greatest abundance. 

Writing Ink is used for so many important purposes, in com- 
mercial transactions, as well as for records and manuscripts, 
that perfection in the art of making it is an object of the high- 
est interest. As proofs of trie success of their efforts, and of 
the unexampled reputation of their Ink Powder arid Ink, the 
manufacturers offer the following testimonials. 

From Rev. Joseph Emerson. Prini^ipal ot the Female Seminary at Sau- 
gii>, (Mac* ) 

After a long search for thp best Ink Powder, I had the happi- 
ness to make trial of JVlaynard & Noyes'. Having now used 
it for several years, 1 am fully convinced of its superior excel- 
lence. I am confident those who use it according to the direc- 
tions, will never be disappointed in the result. 

iSaugus.Od. 4, 1823. JOSEPH EMERSON. 

From Mr. N. D. Gould, Author of Beauties of Writing, &c. 
I have had occasion for several years past to use, and cause 
to be used, a considerable quantity of Ink; and, for n)y own 
^ satisfaction, have tried the different- kinds now in use ; — and I 
' do not hesitate to state to the public, that I consider ihe Ink 
made from Maynard & Noyes' Ink Powder preferable to any 
other. JN'ATHANIEL D.GOULD. 

Boston, Oct. 8, 1823. 

qffice, Bank U. S.MiddJetown, Oct. l7, 1823. 
The Ink Powder of Messrs. Maynard k Noyes, has been 
nscd for some time past in this office, and J can cheerfully re- 
rommend it as superior to any I have heretofore used. 

^ J. P. BURN HAM, Cashier, 



ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous* 4:25 

United Slates'* Armory, Springfield, Oct. 21, 1823. 

I certify, that I have used, during the year past, Writing Ink 
made from the Powder manufactured by Messrs. Maynard &. 
l»foyes, of Boston, and that I have found it far superior for use, 
to " Walkden's British Ink Powder," or any other that I have 
ever made use of. W. F. VVOLCOTT. 

From Mr. Gersham Cobb, Accountant, and Teacher of Penmaii'hip. 

Boston, JVov. 11, 1823. 

Messrs. Maynard «fe Noyes : If of any use, with much plea- 
sure I give the following, as my opinion of the superior quality 
of the Writing Ink made from the Powder manufactured by 
your House, and my reasons for that opinion. 

Having been many years in the habit of doing fine and fis- 
ished pieces of writing, where the bust of Ink is absolutely ne- 
cessary, I found it very difficult to please myself in this article. 
Many recipes for different preparations which I obtained, dis- 
appointed in their results. I then fixed on Walkden's as the 
best, by using double the quantity of the Powder prescribed. 
This did well to appearance, as it was perfectly black, but was 
t0o viscous for despatch, and in fine work would give the hair 
mark too large, or not clear. 

In 1818 you mentioned having Ink of your own manufacture . 
I took some on trial, and have used it invariably sine**, (with 
the exception of two papers taken from the manufactory of 
Walkden in London the same year) and I now cheerfully say, 
I wish no better Ink than yours, and confidently believe that no 
better can be obtained, at present. Its fluidity admits of des- 
patch — the quantity of colouring matter held in solution by the 
liquid, renders works of nicety and care perfectly black, which 
is considered one of the greatest beauties in the appearance 
of writing — and as a proof of its superior durability, f enclose 
you two scraps, written in I8l8, and the only ones 1 can spare, 
written in ihat year.Respectfully, &c. GERSHAM COBB. 

From John Fisk, Cle;k of Superior Court, and Register of Deeds, Mid- 
dlesex Co Con. 

I have used Messrs Maynard and Noyes' Ink Powder for 
eighteen months past, and have found it superior to any I have 
ever before used, and cheerfully. recommend it for general use. 

Middletown, Dec, 30, 1823. JOHN FISK. 

Springfield Bank. Oct. 21, 1823. 

Messrs Maynard &; Noyes : I h:ive made use of your Ink al 
together for the last three months, and much prefer it to any 
have ever used; an(. I cheerfully recommend to the public the 
use of your powders. 

Respectfully, yourob't^ervart, JOHN' HOWARD, Cashier. 

From M: Jackson, Teacher o( Penmanship, in the Broad Street Acad- 
emy, Ntw-Yoik. 

Messrs. Maynard k Noye» : Having had one gross of yoLu- 
36* 



426 ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous* 

Ink Powder, which proving to be of superior quality, I do not 
hesitate to add my recommendation to the numerous ones you 
already have. 

^ ^'elo-York, Dec. 4. 1823. 

Gentlemen : We have usea of your Ink for several years, 
and give it a decided preference. 

Respectfully, BARRETTS, TILESTON, & Co. 
Maynard and Noyes, Boston. 

jYew York, Dec. 3, 1823. 
Messrs. Maynard and Noyes, 

I have made tiial of the sample of Ink Powder which you 
furnished me from your Manufactory of that article, and have 
no hesitation in saying that I deem it superior to any I have be- 
fore used. W. S. CARDELL, Instructor. 
From Mr. Belcher, Master of the Public Writing School, in Derne Street, 

Boston. 
Gentlemen, 

In reply to your request for my opinion of the Ink Powder 
manufactured by you, I have only to observe, that from the ex- 
perience afforded me of its merits, by using it for three years 
past, I am enabled to say, that it is in every respect superior to 
all other Ink Powder of which I have any knowledge. 

I am your obedient, servant, 
Maynard and Noyes. J. H. BELCHER. 

Patriotic Bank of Washington, lO April, 1824. 
Messrs. Maynard and Noyes, 

Gentlemen, 
For the last year I have been using your black Ink. I have 
been much pleased with it, and have no hesitation in recom- 
mending it to all -who are desirous of giving permanency to 
their writing. O- CARR, Cashier. 

I give my testimony with pleasure in favor of Messrs. May- 
nard and Noyes' Ink. ^ , r, 

ANDREW COYLE. Ch. Clk. Genl. Post Office, 
I have no hesitation in pronouncing Messrs. Maynard and 
Noyes^ Black Ink to be of as good quality as I would wish to 
use. THOMAS B. DYER, Book-keeper G. P. Office. 
Manufactured and sold wholesale and retail, by Maynard 
and Noyes, Chemists and Apothecaries, No. 4-8 Cornhill, Bos- 
tof^; - 

SHUFF'S HOTEL. 
Steam-boat and Stage-house, near the Delaware River, the 
Steam-boat Landing, and the Trenton Bridge, Trenton, N. J. 
This spacious hotel, being in a delightful situation, as it respects 
healthiness and interesting prospects, may be considered an 
eligible summer residence. IQ25. 



INDEX. 



PAGE. 

Advertisements, • 373 

Alleghany Mountains,^ • • • 12 

Baltimore, description of, ••....•••• .....*• 26 

Boston, description of, • 32 

Brief description of the United States, 13 

Californian Mountains, • 1^ 

Charleton, description of,.... .*• •••• 35 

Climate of the United States,.... 16 

Colleges — towns and states, students in 1822, when incor- 
porated, volumes in libraries, No. of professors, IS 

Columbia, District of, description of the,...,.. ..• • 23 

Declivities, vallies, rivers, lakes, • 14' 

Education, 17 

Features of the United States,, 13 

Lakes, names of— length, breadth, depth, and height above 

highest tide water, 16 

Mountains, highest Peaks of, in North America, 1* 

New-York citj^-, description of, 30 

New-York, principal public buildings in, 31 

Oregon Mountains, ••••• 14 

Philadelphia, description of, 28 

Philadelphia, institutions of various kinds in, and where 

situated, 29 

Post Office Department, a view of the progress of the, 38 

Postage, Rates of, 39 

Rivers, longest, of North America, — Length and course, from 
whence discharged, into what oceans, seas, gulfs, &c.... 15 

Richmond, description of, • 33 

Routes, directions for finding an}' place in the, 40 

Routes, general statement of the eight...... 40,41 

Savannah, description of, 36 

Soil of the United States, 16 

Statistical view of the United States — Tables 1 and 2,. ..21, 22 
Universities — towns and slates, students in 1822, when in- 
corporated, volumes in libraries, No. of professors, 18 

United States, Statistical view of,— Tables 1 and 2, 21, 22 

United States, brief description of the....... 13 

Washington City, description of,. .i..*f. .....*.«• .'...♦. 23 



GRAND ROUTES. 

NORTH EAST ROUTE. page. 

From Washington City to Eastport and Robinstown, Maine, 42 

NORTHERN ROUTES. 

No. 1. — From Washington to Niagara Falls, 50 

No. 2. — From Washington to Albany, N. Y. and thence to 

[Montreal and Quebec, 52 

No. 3. — From Washington to Sackett's Harbour, 64 

NORTH WESTERN ROUTE. 
No. 1 — From Washington to Pittsburg, and thence to 

Cleveland, Detroit, and Michilimackinac, 54 

No. 2. — From Washington to Wheeling, by tlie U. States 

Turnpike, and thence to Fort Meigs and Detroit,.,,, 58 
WESTERN ROUTES. 
No. 1. — From Washington to St. Louis, and thence to the 

Pacific Ocean, 60 

No. 2. — From Washington to St Louis, and thence to St. 

Charles, Franklin, and Council Bluffs, 62 

No. 3. — From Washington to St. Louis, by Lexington and 

Shawneetown, 64 

No. 4. — From Washington to St. Louis, by Whi-eling and 

the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, 66 

SOUTH WESTERN ROUTES. 
No. T — From Washington to New Orleans, by Lexington, 

Nashville, and Natchez, 70 

No. 2. — From Washington to New-Orleans, by Staunton, 

Knoxville, and Nashville 72 

No. 3. — From Washington to New Orleans, and thence to 

the Mouth of ttie Mississippi, by the Ohio and Missis- 
sippi rivers, 74 

No. 4. — Fiom Washington to New-Orleans, by Augusta 

and Milledgeville — a stage route to Montgomery, Ala. 76 
No. 5. — From Washington to New-Orleans, b)^ Nashville 

and Gen. Jackson's Koad, 78 

Jfo. 6. — From Washington to N. Orleans, by Huntsville,A. 80 
No. 7. — From Washington to New Orleans, by Knoxville 

and Cahawba, 82 

No. 8.— From Washington to New-Orleans, by Athens in 

Georgia, 82 

SOUTHERN ROUTE. 
From Washington to Charleston & Savannah, and thence 

to St. Augustine and New Smyrna,,. .. 84 

SOUTH EASTERN ROUTE. 
From Washington to Port Tobacco, and thence to Point 

Lookout, 86 

EASTERN ROUTE. 
From Washington to Annapolis, and Dover, Delaware,.... 88 



STATE ROADS. 

_i i 

The roads of each Statp, winch lead to and from its princi- 
pal cities and capitals, and the cross-roads leading in various 
directions. 

MAINE. PACE. 

No. 1.— From Por-tland to Belfast 90 

No. 2. — From Portland to Bangor, and thence to Grand 

Lake, head of St. Croix river....... 90 

No. 3. — From Portland to W^orridgewock, and thence to 

Quebec. 92 

No. 4. — From Portland to Farmington and i*»ew Portland, 92 

No. 5.— From Forlland to Paris..., ., 94 

No. 6. — From Portland to Waterford, and thence to An- 
droscoggin river , 94 

No. 7. — From Portland to Fryeburg, and thence to Lan- 
caster, New-Hampshire •• 96 

No. 8. — From Portland to Boston, by Donghty's Falls.... 96 

No. 9.— From Machias to Calais 98 

No. 10. — From Castine to Alexandria..... 98 

No. 11. — From Wiscasset to Augusta ..• 98 

No. 12. — From York to Fryeburg 98 

No. 13— From Parsonfield to Portsmouth, N. Hamp 100 

NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 

No. I. — From Portsmouth to the White Mountains and 

Lancaster, on Connecticut river.,.. 100 

No. 2, — From Concord to Boston 102 

No. 3. — From Portsmouth to Lake Winnipiseogee 102 

No. 4. — From Portsmouth to Haverill Corner, and thence 

to Montreal 102 

No. 5. — From Portsmouth to Coi.cord, and thence to Mont- 

pelier, Vermont 106 

No. 6. — From Portsmouth to Albany, by Bennington, Vt., 108 
No. 7. — From Dunstable to Concord, and thence to Lancas- 
ter and the Falls of Connecticut river 110 

No. 8. — Grom Concord to Fryeburg, Maine 110 

No. 9. — From Concord to Chailestown 112 

VERMONT. 

The principal roads in Vermont, having been described in con- 
nection with those of New-Hampshire and Maine, the follow- 
ing only are added. 
No. 1. — From Montpelier to Derby and Hillbourn's....... 112 

No. 2. — From Windsor to Montpelier 112 

No. 3. — From Montpelier to St. Alban's and Highgate..... 114 
No. 4. — From Montpelier to Burlington,. .t ••• 114 



430 INDEX — State Roads, 

MASSACHUSETTS. PAGE. 

No. 1. — From Boston to Marblehead, by Salem 114 

IVo. 2. — From Boston to Portland, by Doughty's Falls.... 116 
No. 3. — From Boston to Montreal, by Bellow's Falls and 

Verge nnes 116 

No. 4. — From Boston to Gloucester 118 

No. 5. — From Boston to Montreal, by Stages and Steam- 
boats 118 

No. 6. — From Boston to Winchendon 122 

No, 7.— From Boston to Northfield 122 

No. 8. — From Boston to Albany, and thence to Buffalo and 

Falls of Niagara 122 

No. 9. — From Boston to Hudson, and thence to Ithaca and 
Erie, Penn.sylvania, through the south-western counties 

of New- York 124 

No. 10. — From Boston to Newburg, on Hudson river 128 

No. 11. — From Boston to Newport, through Rehoboth, on 

the Turnpike 128 

No. 12. — From Boston to Provincetown, Cape Cod 130 

No. 13. — From Boston to Chatham 132 

No. 14. — From Worcester to Chelmsford 132 

No. 15. — From Worcester to Lancaster 132 

No. 16. — From Worcester to Providence, R 1 134 

No. 17. — From Providence to South Kingston and Point 

Judith >.., 134 

No. 18. — From Boston to Holmes Hole..., 134 

No. 19. — From Boston to Nantucket 136 

No. 20. — Route from Boston to BaJlston Springs and Mon- 
treal, and return by Portland.... 136 

RHODE-ISLAND. 

Great Western Road from the New England States, through 
the northern parts of Pennsylvania. 

No. 1. — From Providence, R. I. to Erie, Penn. •• 138 

No. 2. — From Providence to Albany, by Springfield and 

Stockbridge 142 

No. 3. — From Newport to New Bedford and Barnstable, 

Massachusetts 144 

No. 4. — From Providence to Duxborough 144 

No. 5. — From Providence to South Freetown, Mass 144 

No. 6. — From Providence to South Kingston and Point 

Judith c 146 

No. 7. — From Providence to New London 146 

No. 8. — From Providence to Boston 146 

CONNECTICUT. 

No. 1. — From New Haven to Boston, by Springfield 148 

No. 2. — From New Haven to Montpelier, Vermont 148 



INDEX — State Roads, 431 



PAGE. 

No. 3.— From New Haven to Haverhill Corner, N. H, ... 150 

No. 4. — From New Haven to Basin Harbour, Vt 152 

No. 5. — From New London to Hartford, and thence to 

Sheffield, Mass 154 

No. 6. — From Hartford to Seabrook 154 

No. 7.— FrQjjn New Haven to New Milford 136 

No. 8. — From Bridgeport to New Milford » 156 

No. 9. — FromNorwalk to Danbury 156 

NEW- YORK. 

No. 1. — From New York to Boston by steam-boat, and 
Providence Staffe Line 153 

No. 2. — From New- York to Boston, by steam-boat and 
Pomfret Stasre Line 160 

No. 3. — From New- York to Boston fay Newport and Pro- 
vidence ; land and water stages......... 162 

No. 4. — From New York to Boston, by Danbury and Litch- 
field ; a stage route 164 

No. 5. — From New York to Philadelphia, by New-Bruns- 
wick and Trenton ; steam-boat line , 166 

No. 6. — From New- York to Rockaway, Long-Island...... 168 

No. 7. — From New-York to Montauk Point 168 

No. 8. — From New-York to Oysterpond Point, Long Is.... 170 

No. 9. — From New- York to Ocquapouge, Long Island 170 

No. 10. — From New-York to Huntington and Smithtown, 170 

No. n. — From New-York to Albany, by the west side of 
Hudson river , l72 

No. 12. — From New-York to Saratoga Springs, and thence 
io Hopkinton and Hamilton, by east side of the river,... 174 

No. 13.— Route from New- York City, to Albany, Montpe- 
lier, and Quebec 176 

No. 14. — From New- York to Ogdensburg, by Ballston 
Springs and Chester 178 

No. 15. — From New-York to Ogdensburg, by the Fish 
House... 180 

No. 16. — From Albany to Niagara Falls, by Western 
Turnpike 180 

No« 17. — From New- York to Oswego Harbour, on Lake 
Ontario 182 

No. 18. — ^From New York toLe Raysville and Alexandria, 
bv Johnson... , 182 

No. 19. From New-York to Sackett's Harbour, by Rome.. 184 

No. 20. — From New- York to the Falls rf Niagara, by the 
Grand Canal and Rid2;e Road , 184 

No. 21.— From New York to the Falls of Niagara, by New- 
burg and Montrose 186 

J^o. 22.— From New -York to the Falls of Niagara, by the 
Hamburg Turnpike and Mootrose 188 



432 INDEX — Slate Roads* 



PAGE. 

No. 23 — From New-York to Amboy, across Staten Tslantl, 190 
No. 24. — From New-York, to Sandy Hook Ligiit House, 

Long, Branch, and thence to Cape May, by land along 

the coast '. 190 

No. 23. — From New York to Schooley's Mountain, and 

thence -.to East jn and f Mladelphia 192 

No. 26. — From New-York to Pittsburg, by Easlon and 

Reading , 194 

No. 27. — From New-York to Goslien, through N. Jersey.. 196 

No. 28. — From Kingston to Itbica 196 

No. 29 — From Albany to Chencngo Point 196 

No. 30 — F'rom Albany to Deposit, and thence to Greot 

Bend, Pennsylvania 198 

No, 31.— From Plattrbuigto St Regis 198 

No. 32. — From Flrtttsburg to Sackctt's Harbour 200 

No. 33.— From Utica to Carthage, by Port Glasgow 200 

No. 34 — From Albany to Pittsburg, by Cherry Valloy, 

Geneva, and Hamilton..... 202 

No. 35. — From Buffalo to Sackett's Harbour, and thence to 

Montreal 204 

No. 36, — From Buftalo to Detroit, and thence to Macki- 
naw and Green Bay, by steamboat 206 

No. 37. — From Buffalo to Detroit, by land 206 

No. 38. — From Buffalo to Cleaveland, and thence to Law- 

renceburg, Indiana .- ...... .....j. 208 

No. 39. — From Albany to Pittsburg, by Cooperstown and 

Ithaca 208 

]>Jo 40. — From Buffalo to Pittsburg, by Erie....* 210 

jjo. 41. — From Buffalo to Pittsburg, by land and Water... 210 

NEW-JERSEY. 

No. 1. — From New-3runswick to Middleton, and thence 
to the Highlands of Nev»^sink, by South Amboy 212 

"^o. 2 — From New-Brunswirk to Morristown 212 

No. 3 — From New-Brunswi.:k to Edston, Penn 212 

No. 4. — From New Brunswick to New-Hope 214 

No. 5. — From Trenton to Morristown, and thence to New- 
burg, New-York 214 

No. 6. — From Trenton to Milford, Pennsylvania, by Sorn- 
merville and Sparta 224 

No. 7. — From Camden to Woodbury and Salem, and 
thence to Cape May 216 

No. 8. — From Trenton to Tuckerton 216 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

No. 1. — From Philadelphia to Norfolk, Virginia; by land 
and water stages.. - 218 

No. 2.- From Philadelphia to Cape May, by steam-boat.. 220 



INDEX — State Roads, 433 



PAGE. 
No. 3. — From Philadelphia toJCape May, by Bridgetown.. 2.20 
No. 4. — From Philadelphia to Cape-May, direct by Chew's 

Landing 320 

No. 5. — From Philadelphia to Great Egg Harbour 222 

No. 6. — From Philadelphia to Tuckerton, L. Egg Harbour, 

by stage 222 

No. 7, — From Philadelphia to Mount Holly, and thence to 

the sea coast at Squam Beach. 224 

No. 8. — From Philadelphia to Burlington and Bordentown, 
and thence to Long Branch............ ................ 224 

No. 9. — From Philadelphia to New- York, by Bordentown 

and South Amboy..., 226 

No. 10.— From Philadelphia to New- York, by Staten Isl.. 22S 
No. U. — From Philadelphia to New-York, by Elizabeth- 
town Point , 228 

No. 12 — From Philadelphia to New- York, by New-Hope 

and Plainfield ; a stage road..... » ., 223 

No. 13. — From Philadelphia to Albany, by Easton and 

Goshen 230 

No. 14. — From Philadelphia to Milford, Pike county, 232 

No. 15. — From Philadelphia to Bethany, Wayne co., by, 

Easton, 234 

No. 16. — From Philadelphia to Bethany, by the New 

Turnpike Road, 234 

No. 17. — From Philadelphia to Utica, by Montrose........ 236 

No. 18. — From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara, by 

Montrose and Cauga Lake............... 238 

No. 19. — From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara, by 

Seneca Lake,. ., 242 

No. 20. — From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara, by 

Reading and Sunbury,..,. 244- 

No. 21. — From Philadelphia to Erie, by Swnbury and Bei- 

lefonte,.. • «.......• . 2^4 

No. 22. — From Philadelphia to Erie, by Reading and Har- 

risburg, 246 

No. 23. — From Philadelphia to Warren, Ohio, by Hunting- 
ton and Indiana,... 248 

No. 24. — From Philadelphia to Pittsburg and Wheeling, 

by the Great Western Road, 252 

No. 25. — From Philadelphia to Pittsburg, by York and 

<iettysburg, , 254 

No. 26 — From Philadelphia to Pittsburg, by Lewistown 

and Huntingdon,.. , 25© 

No. "27 — From Philadelphia to Harrisburg, by Hummel's 

^Towii, 256 

No. 28. — From Philadelphia to Harrisburg, by Morgantown 258 
No. 29.— From Philadelphia to Lancaster, by W. Chester, 25S 
37 



434 INDEX — Stale Roads, 



PAGE. 

No. 30. — From Harrisburg to Bedford, by Fanetsburg,..., 260 
No. 31. — From Harrisburg to Bedford, by Newville,v .... 260 
No. 32. — From Harrisburg to Wilkesbarre, and thence to 

Bethany and Damascus,... 260 

No. 33. — From Harrisburg to Meansville, 262 

No. 3K — From Harrisburg to Wellsborough, 262 

No. 35. — From Harrisburg to Gettysburg, and thence to 

Harper's Ferry, 264 

No. 36. — From Philadelphia to Wheeling, by Gettysburg 

and the Great National Road, 264 

No. 37. — -From Philadelphia to Wheeling, by Chambers- 
burg and the Great National P.,oad,... 266 

No. 3u. — From Philadelphia to Oxford, Chester county, by 

the Marlborough Street Road, 266 

No. 39.— From Philadelphia to M'CalPs Ferry,.. 265 

No. 40. — From Bedford to Wheeling, by Somerset and 

Connelsville, 268 

No. 41. — From Bedford to Connelsville, by Berlin,.,.,.... 268 

No. 42. — From Somerset to Connelsville, by Milford, 270 

No. 43. — F'rom Connelsville to Ohio River, by Union and 

Waynesburg, 270 

No. 44. — From Washington to Steubenville,,... 272 

No. 45. — From Pittsburg to Erie, by Harmony and Mercer, 272 
No. 46. — From Pittsburg to Erie, by Beaver Si NewCastle, 272 
No. 47. — ^From Pittsburg to New-Orleans, by the Ohio and 

Mississippi, 272 

DELAWARE. 

No. 1. — From Wilmington to Westchester, Pa., 276 

No. 2. — From W^ilniington to Lancaster, Pa., 276 

No. 3. — From Wilmington to Dover, and thence to Lew- 
istown, ...f.. • •• 276 

MARYLAND. 

No. 1. — From Baltimore to Hanover,. 278 

No. 2. — From Baltimore to Chambersburg and Hunting- 
don, Pa , 278 

No. 3. — From Baltimore to Pittsburg, 280 

No. 4. — From Baltimore to Winchester and Staunton,Va. 

and thence to Knoxville, Tenn., •••• 280 

No. 5. — From Baltimore to Norfolk, by Steamboat, 282 

No. 6. — Fiom Baltimore to Annapolis; by land, 282 

No. 7. — From Baltimore to Frederick, Md., and thence to 

Middletown, Delaware, 284' 

No. 8— From Baltimore to Wadsboro', Maryland, 28* 

No. 9 — From Baltimore to Clarksburg, Maryland, 284 

Ho, lO.—Fiom Baltimore to Rockville, Maryland,.,...... 236 



INDEX — State Roads. 43o 



PAGE. 

No. 11. — From Baltimore to Denton, 286 

JVo, 12. — From Annapolis to Fort Washington, 286 

No. 13.— From Annapolis to gt. Leonard's & Drum Point, 286 

No. 14— From Eaaton to Snowhill, ••••• 288 

No. 15. — From Kingstown, Maryland, to Princess Ann and 

Lewistown, Delaware, 2bi« 

]So. 16, — From Fredericktown to Marlborough and Not- 
tingham, ••• 290 

No. 17.— From Elkton, Maryland, to Easton, and thence 
to Goldsborough's Island, ^^^ 

VIRGINIA. 

No. 1. — From Norfolk to Richmond ; by Steamboat, 292 

No. 2.— From Norfolk to Richmond ; by Land, 292 

No. 3. — From Norfolk to Petersburg; by Steamboat, 294 

No. 4. — From Norfolk to Petersburg; by Land, 29* 

No. 5. — From Norfolk to Warrenton, N.Carolina, 294 

No. 6.— From Norfolk to Raleigh, N.C. by Tarboro',.... 2% 
No. 7.— From Norfolk to Fayetteville, by the Canal and 

Albemarle Sound, 296 

Jjo. 8. — From Norfolk to Fayetteville, by Newbern, 298 

No. 9. — From Norfolk to Charleston, South-Carolina, by 

the Coast,. 300 

No. 10. — From Richmond to the Warm Springs, and thence 

to the Falls of Kenhaway River and Galliopolis, O. ; 

a stage road to Staunton, <..•• 302 

No. 11. — From Richmond to Lexington, by the Mouth of 

Sandy River, on the Ohio, 304 

No. 12. — From Richmond to Levvisburg, by Liberty and 

Fincastle...... ^ 306 

No, 13, — From Richmond to Knoxville, Tenn., by Lynch- 
burg and Salem, 306 

No. 14,— From Richmond to Danville, N. C, 308 

No. l5. — From Richmond to Matthews Court-House...... 3o8 

No. 16. — From Richmond to Wibanna, .' 3o8 

No, 17. — From Richmond to Richmond Court-House, 3lO 

No. 18. — From Richmond to King George's Court-House,., 310 

No 19. — From Petersburg to Lynchburg, 310 

No. 20. — From Petersburg to Halifax, 312 

No 2L — From Petersburg to Danville, by Milton, 312 

No. 22, — From Abingdon to Cumberland Gap, *. 312 

No. 23. — From Fredericksburg to Winchester,., 31* 

No. 24. — From Washington City to Wheeling, by Mor- 

gantown, 314 

No. 25.— From Washington City to Harper's Ferry, 3l6 

No. 26. — From Washington City to^ Marietta, Ohio, by 

Winchester, Virginia, .*,......•• t 316 



436 INDEX — State Roads* 



PAGE. 

A^o. 27. — From Fredericksburg to New-Market, in tlie Val- 
ley, and thence to Park&rsburg, on the Ohio River, 318 

Ko. 28. — From Fredericksburg to Richmond, by Woodville 320 
No. 29.-- From Fredericksburg to King William C. House, 320 

No. 30. — From Fredericksburg to Urbanna, 320 

No. 31. — From Fredericksburg to Lancaster C. House,... 323 
No. 32. — From VVellsburg to Sandy River, along the East 

Bank ol the Ohio, 322 

No, 33._From Petersburg to Halifax, N. C, 324 

NORTH CAROLINA. 
No. 1. — From Wilmington, N. C. to Knoxville, Tenn.,,.., 324 
No. 2. — From Wilmington to Fayetteville ; by Steamboat 326 
No. 3. — From Fayetteville to Knoxville, Tennessee, by 

Charlotte 326 

No. 4. — From Fayetteville to Danbury,.., , ,,, 328 

No. 5, — From Fayetteville to Hillsborough, 328 

No. 6, — From Fayetteville to Salem, 330 

No. 7. — From Raleigh to Knoxville, Tennessee, by Hills- 
borough and Germantown....... 330 

No. 8. — From Raleigh to Knoxville, by Ashe county, 332 

No. 9.— From Raleigh to Halifax, ... 332 

No. 10 — ^From Raleigh to Lexington and Salisbury, 334 

No. 11. — From Raleigh to Rockingham........ 334 

No. 12. — From Raleigh to Newbern...... 334 

SOUTK-CAROLINA. 
No. 1. — From Charleston to Society Hill and Cheraw,.... 336 
No. 2. — From Charleston to Morgantown, N. Carolina, by 

Camden and Charlotte...... 336 

No. 3. — From Charleston to Morgantown, N, Carolina, by 

Columbia,.... 338 

No. 4. — From Charleston to Pendleton, by Cambridge,.... 338 
No. 5. — From Charleston to Lexington, Kentucky, and 

Cincinnati, Ohio, 340 

j^o 6. — From Charleston to Knoxville, by the Warm 

Springs, 34^ 

No. 7. — From Charleston to Augusta, Georgia,,,.^......., 342 

No. 8. — From Charleston to Savannah ; by Steamboat,.., 342 

No. 9. — From Columbia to Pendleton Court-House, •• 344 

No. 10. — From Columbia to Georgetown, 344 

No. ll. — From Orangeburg to Augusta, 346 

No. 12. — From Coosawhatchy to Augusta, •...«•• 346 

GEORGIA. 
No. 1. — From Savannah to Augusta, and thence to heX' 
ingtoD^KeutQcky ,.«..,. •.•...•••. ••••.•.••*...•• 343 



INDEX — State Roads. 437 



PAGE. 

No. 2. — From Savannah to Augusta ; by Steam-boat,... ». 348 

No. 3. — From Savannah to Knoxville,' Tennessee, 350 

No. 4. — From Savannah to Miliedgeville, 350 

No. 5. — From Savannah to Miliedgeville, by Louisville,.., 352 
No. 6. — From Savannah to Augusta, by Waynsborougb,.. 352 
No. 7. — From Savannah to Coleraine, on St. Mary^s River, 354 

No. 8.— From Savannah to Coffee Bluff,.... 354 

No. 9. — From Savannah to Skedaway Islands, 354 

No. 10. — From Augusta to Nashville, by Ross and Win- 
chester, 354 

No. 11. — From Augusta to Huntsville, Alabama, by Win- 
chester, Ten., 356 

No. 12. — From Augusta to Huntsville, direct by Will's 

town, Alabama, 35$ 

No. 13.~From Augusta to Greensboroiigh and Madison,., 358 

No. 14. — From Augusta to Louisville, 360 

No. 15. — From Augusta to LouisviUe,by Richmond Springs 360 

No. 16. — From Darien to Miliedgeville and Athens, ., 360 

No. 17. — From Miliedgeville to Petersburg, 362 

No. 18. — From Miflledgeville to Carnesville& MuUinsford, 362 
No. 19. — From Miliedgeville to Huntsville, Alabama, by 

Madison, , 362 

No. 20. — From Miliedgeville to Bell's Ferry, on Oconee 

River 364 

No. 21. — From St. Mary's to Miliedgeville, by the New 

Road , , 364 

No. 22. — From Louisville to Athens, by Sparta,... ,., 364 

No. 23.— From Darien to St. Simon's Light-House,...,,... 366 

FLORIDA. 

No. 1. — From St. Augustine to St. Marks, and thence to 
Fensacola ; by Water, 366 

No. 2. — From St. Marks to Miliedgeville, Georgia, 368 

No. 3. — From St. Augustine to Cape Caneveral,... 368 

No. 4. — From St. Augustine to Lake George,.,.. 368 

No. 5. — From St. Augustine to Suwaney River Outlet,.,., 370 

No. 6._From St. Marks to Fort Gadsden,.., 370 

Nor 7. — From Pensacola to Fort Gadsden, 370 

No. 8. — From Pensacola to Miliedgeville, by Fort Mitchell 370 
No. 9,— From Pensacola to Mobile, Alabama,.. 370 



438 INDEX — State Boads, 



PAGE. 

Roads west of the Alleghany Mountains, commencing 
with those in the State of 
OHIO. 

No. 1.— From Cincinnati to Detroit, 374* 

No. '^, — From Cincinnati to Chicago, ibid. 

No. 3. — From (Hncianati to Perrys'iurg, Uiid. 

No. 4. — From Cincinnati to Fort Recovery, ibivl. 

!No. 5. — From Cincinnati to Cenirevilie, InrI ibid. 

No. 6. — From Cincinnati to Columbus,.... -. ibid. 

No, 7. — From Marietta to Zanesville, STG^' 

No. a. — From Marietta to Gallipolis, ibid. 

No. 9. — From Marietta to ChilTKOthe, ibid. 

No. lU. — From Steubenville to Marietta, ibid. 

No. 11. — From Steubenville to Salem, on Coneought 

Rivei, ibid. 

No. 12. — From Steubenville to Woostei,.. ibid. 

No. 13. — From Poilbmouth to Columbus, and thence to 

Sandusky B ibid. 

No. 14. — From Columbus to the Mouth of Huron Hiver, ibid. 

No. 13. — From Coluinhus to Greenville, ibid. 

No. 16. — From Zanesville. to Cleveland, ibid. 

No. 17 — From Gnllijjolis to (Miillicotht', ibid. 

No.jS. — From Gallipilis to Portsmoutti, ibid. 

KENTUi KY. 

No. 1. — From Frankfoitto Cincinnati, Ohio...., , 378*". 

No. 2. — Fri)m Ftaukfoit to Augusta, ibid. 

No. ,3. —From Franklortto Caseyville, ibid. 

No. 4. — From Frankfort to Hopkinsv ille, ibid. 

No. 5. — From Lcxingti'U to Augusta, ibid. 

No 6. — From Pari^io Cincinnati, ibid. 

No. 7 — Fiom ;.exm<itnn to Prestonburg, ibid. 

No 8 — Fiou' Lexington to Poii William, ibid. 

No. 9. — From Lowisvillf to Ciiirinuati, ibid. 

No. lO. — Fium Louisville to Cumberland Gap, by Dan- 
ville ." i-bid. 

No. 11. — From Louisviljp to iinselvilie, ibid. 

No. 12. — From Louisville to Sp.irla, T .....'...... ibid. 

TENNESSEE. 

No. 1 — From Nasrhville to St. Louis, by steamboat,.... 380* 

No. '2. — Froiii N'ishvilie to St. Louis, by Smitlilarid,.. .. ibid. 

No. 3. — Prom Nashville to St. Lou's, by Shawneetowu,.. ibid. 

No. 4. — From Nashville to Little Hock, Arkansas, ibid. 

No. 3 — From Nashville to Natchez, ibid. 

No. 6. — From Nashville to Lexington, Kentucky, ibid. 

No. 7. — From Nashfille to Louisviile, Kenluckv,,, ...... ibid, 

38 .. . 



INDEX — Slate Roads, 439 



PAGE 

'No. 8. — From Nashville to Henderson, Kentucky, 380* 

jVo. 9. — From Muifreesborough to ReynolHsburg, ........ 382* 

No. lO. — From Miirfreesboro' to Huntsville, Alabama,., ibid. 

No. 11. — From Murfreesborough to Carthage,... ibid. 

No, 12 — From Murtreepboroiiyh to Washington, ibid. 

No. 13 — From Knoxville to Louisville, Kentucky, ibid. 

No. 14 — From Knoxville to Cumberland Gap, ibid. 

No. 15. — From Knoxville to Lexington, Kentucky, . ibid. 

No. 16. — From Florence to the Mouth of Tennessee River, 

by steam-boat, ibid^ 

ALABA\TA. 

TVfo. 1. — From Mobile to Nevir -Orleans, by Green Court 
House, Mississippi, ^^^ 

No. 2.— From Mobile to IVew-Orleans, by water, 384* 

No. 3. — FromMobile to Knoxville, Ten ibid. 

No. 4.— From MobiU- to Natchez ihid. 

]Vo. 5 —From Mobile to Huntsville, by Cahawba, ibid. 

No. 6 —From Mobile to Huntsville, by St. Stephens, .... ibid. 

No. 7. From Mobile to Nashville, Ten ibid. 

No. 8 — From Mobile to Montgomer)-, by steamboat,.... ibid. 

]\To. 9. From Mobile to Tuscaloosa, by ->teamboat ibid. 

]>jo. io._From Mobile to Millfdgeville, Georgia, 386* 

MISSISSIPPL 

j^o. 1.— From Natchez to Natchitoches, by Alexandria,.. 386* 

IVo*. 2.— From Natihez to St. Stephens, ibid. 

TNfo. 3. — From Natchez to Fords, ;bid. 

3^'o. 4. From Pascagoula to the old Indian Agency,.... ibid. 

i^^,i". 5.— From Norton's to the Mouth of Arkansas Rivei, ibid. 
?>,-o. 6.— From Shieldsboro' to Fords, ibid. 

LOUISLXNA. 

j^-o. 1.— From New-Orleans tc. St. Louis, by Natchez and 
the Hot Springs, • •*;• 

j^o 2— From New-Orleans to St Louis, by Alexandria 
and the Hot Springs •••••:••":•* 

I^o f^_Krnm New Orleans to St. Louis by Natchitoches 

itj t^ni-'iiKTC ,,,...........••..•«•••••■••• ibid. 

ISio^"] — Frnm New-Orleans to Natchitorbos r,nd Millar's 

Court House, near the Great Bend of Red River .bid. 

jfo 5.— ^^^'" i^^^^' ^'^^'^'"^ to Nashville, by the Choctaw ^^^^ 

^-„ r!!!.From*Madi?onville to St. Francisville 'bid. 

j^To. 7— From St. Francisville to Ford? »bid. 

^T^ G.— From Natchitoches to Nacogodoches, iom. 



440 INDEX — State Roads, 



' PAGE. 

No. 9 — From Fort Miro to Arkasnas 390* 

No. 10. — From Opelousas to Carcasui Lake............... ibid* 

ARKANSAS AND MISSOURI. 
IVo. 1. — From Lawrence, Arkansas, to the Great Osage 

Village, 

No. 2. — From Little Rock, Arkansas, to the Great Osage ibid. 

Village, ibid. 

No. 3. — From St. Louis, Missouri, to the sources of the 

Mississippi River, by water,....*... ibid. 

No. 4. — From St. Louis to Fort Clark, on the Illinois 

River, by water, 392* 

No. 5. — From St. Louis to Chicago, , ibid. 

No. 6. — From St. Louis to Vantialia, Illinois, and thence 

to Chicago,. ibid. 

No. 7, — From St. Louis to the Great Osage Village, by 

Osage R ibid. 

No. y. — From St. Louis to New-Orleans, by Nashville, 

Tenn ibid. 

No. 9. — F'rom St. Louis to the Outlet of Columbia River, 

by th« Kansas and Multnomah Rivers, 394* 

No. ]0. — From bt. Louis to the Outlet of Columbia Riv- 
er, by La Platte and Lewi^j's Rivers, ibid. 

No. 11. — From St. Louis to the Outlet of Columbia Uiv- 

er, by the River La Platte, and over land, between 

Lewis's and Multnomah Rivers,.... ^ ibid« 

ILLINOIS, INDIANA, AND MICHIGAN. 

Nu. 1. — From Shawne-tovvo to Vandal-a, Illinois, 396* 

No. 2. — From Shawneetown tn Albion, II lOid. 

No. ^ — FiOiTi Fort Massac to Kabkaskia and Harrison- 

ville, Illinois, , ibid. 

No. 4. — Fioin Koskaskia, [11. to Vinceunes, Ind ihid. 

No, 5 — From Ka!rka!«kia to Edwaidf.ville. Ill ibid. 

No. <3. — From Corydon to Biownstown, Ind ibid. 

No. 7, — From Evansviile to Vincennes, and thence to 

Terre Haut: and Foit Harrison. Ind ibid. 

No. 8. — From Vinceunes, Ind. to Ohio River, by steam- 
boat, ibid. 

N<' -> — F>-oin Evansville to Harmony, Ind and thfucf* 

to Ali)ion, II ibid. 

From Uetroit, Mic. to Chicago, 111. and tlumce to Green 

Bay and Prairie des Chiens, by land and water, ibid 



"y^-. 



LRBJa'l? 



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